An Interferogram Re-Flattening Method for InSAR Based on Local Residual Fringe Removal and Adaptively Adjusted Windows
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Work
2.1. Global Refinement and Re-Flattening Methods
2.1.1. Polynomial Refinement Method
2.1.2. Refinement and Re-Flattening Based on Baseline Correction
2.2. Flattening or Re-Flattening Methods Based on Manually Set Windows
3. Methods
3.1. Characteristics of Residual Fringes Caused by Baseline Errors
- The residual fringes conform to the first- or second-degree polynomial phase model locally;
- Residual fringes are time varying in azimuth;
- The time varying of residual fringes is irregular in the whole image.
3.2. The Proposed Method: A Re-Flattening Method Based on Local Residual Fringe Removal and Adaptively Adjusted Windows
3.2.1. Principle of the Re-Flattening within A Local Window
3.2.2. Mechanism of Adaptive Adjustment for Re-Flattening Windows
4. Experiments
4.1. Experimental Data and Study Area
4.2. Re-Flattening Results and Qualitative Evaluations
4.3. DEM Generation and Quantitative Evaluation
5. Discussion
5.1. The Influence of Coherence on the Performance of the Proposed Re-Flattening Method
5.2. Comparison with the Result Based on TerraSAR-X Data with Similar Conditions
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Methods | Strengths | Weaknesses | |
---|---|---|---|
Global refinement and re-flattening methods | polynomial refinement method |
|
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re-flattening method based on baseline correction |
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re-flattening methods based on manually set windows |
|
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the proposed method |
|
|
Imaging Mode | Polarization | Resolution (Azimuth × Slant Range) | 2π Ambiguity Height | |
---|---|---|---|---|
GF-3 InSAR data in Ningbo | Fine Strip I | HH | 2.86 × 3.31 m | 31.05 m |
GF-3 InSAR data in Yutian | Fine Strip I | HH | 3.13 × 3.61 m | 62.55 m |
GF-3 InSAR data in Xi’an | Quad-Polarization Strip I | HH | 5.54 × 3.80 m | 109.98 m |
Sentinel-1A InSAR data in Yancheng | IW | HH | 13.92 × 23.30 m | 224.12 m |
Data\Indictor | Average Coherence | Ambiguity Height (m) | Method | MAE (m) | RMSE (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GF-3 InSAR data (Ningbo City) | 0.35 | 31.05 | the proposed method | 9.84 | 15.17 |
GPR method | 66.60 | 90.60 | |||
SBDR method | 68.65 | 89.45 | |||
LFE-MW method | 29.52 | 40.21 | |||
GF-3 InSAR data(Yutian County) | 0.24 | 62.55 | the proposed method | 11.27 | 17.86 |
GPR method | 132.18 | 166.45 | |||
SBDR method | 136.54 | 172.56 | |||
LFE-MW method | 22.72 | 27.37 | |||
GF-3 InSAR data (Xi’an City) | 0.46 | 109.98 | the proposed method | 32.92 | 53.95 |
GPR method | 123.18 | 206.91 | |||
SBDR method | 287.50 | 332.19 | |||
LFE-MW method | 81.03 | 107.25 | |||
Sentinel-1A InSAR data (Yancheng City) | 0.49 | 224.12 | the proposed method | 33.15 | 41.01 |
GPR method | 62.84 | 76.48 | |||
SBDR method | 55.00 | 65.61 | |||
LFE-MW method | 111.22 | 137.95 |
Data\Indicator | Average Coherence | Ambiguity Height (m) | MAE (m) | RMSE (m) |
---|---|---|---|---|
GF-3 InSAR data in Ningbo | 0.35 | 31.05 | 9.84 | 15.17 |
TerraSAR-X InSAR data | 0.47 | 48.88 | 11.22 | 13.35 |
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Zhuang, D.; Zhang, L.; Zou, B. An Interferogram Re-Flattening Method for InSAR Based on Local Residual Fringe Removal and Adaptively Adjusted Windows. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 2214. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082214
Zhuang D, Zhang L, Zou B. An Interferogram Re-Flattening Method for InSAR Based on Local Residual Fringe Removal and Adaptively Adjusted Windows. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(8):2214. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082214
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhuang, Di, Lamei Zhang, and Bin Zou. 2023. "An Interferogram Re-Flattening Method for InSAR Based on Local Residual Fringe Removal and Adaptively Adjusted Windows" Remote Sensing 15, no. 8: 2214. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15082214