Utility of Leaf Area Index for Monitoring Phenology of Russian Forests
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. IKI MODIS NDVI, EVI2, FPAR, and LAI Products
2.2. NASA MODIS MCD12Q2 Phenology Product
2.3. Empirical and Theoretical Background on Seasonal Variation in NDVI, EVI2, and LAI
2.4. Retrievals of Phenometrics from the Seasonal LAI Profiles
3. Results
3.1. MODIS Data Coverage Limitations
3.2. Comparison of Dynamic Properties of NDVI, EVI2, FPAR and LAI
3.3. Analysis of Retrieved Phenometrics
3.4. Sensitivity Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. IKI MODIS Forest Species Product
Appendix B. Striping Artefacts in MODIS Channel Data
References
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Phenometrics | Definition |
---|---|
greenup | Date when base variable first crosses 15% of amplitude of its variations |
mid-greening | Date when base variable first crosses 50% of amplitude of its variations |
maturity | Date when base variable first crosses 90% of amplitude of its variations |
maximum | Date when seasonal maximum is achieved |
senescence | Date when base variable last crosses 90% of amplitude of its variations |
mid-browning | Date when base variable last crosses 50% of amplitude of its variations |
dormancy | Date when base variable last crosses 15% of amplitude of its variations |
minimum | Minimum value of the base variable |
duration * | Difference between mid-browning and mid-greening dates |
greening spread * | Difference between maturity and greenup dates |
browning spread * | Difference between formancy and denescence dates |
amplitude | Difference between maximum and minimum of base variable |
integral | Integral of base variable from greenup to dormancy |
(a) | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forest Classes | Forest Species | Greening Min LAI | Max LAI | Browning Min LAI | LAI Amplitude | ||||||||||||
LAI | DOY | LAI | DOY | LAI | DOY | Greening | Browning | ||||||||||
DNF | Sparse larch | 0.9 | 145 | 2.3 | 195 | 0.5 | 271 | 1.4 | 1.8 | ||||||||
Larch | 0.8 | 128 | 3.4 | 194 | 0.5 | 279 | 2.6 | 2.9 | |||||||||
ENF | Pine | 1.1 | 116 | 4.4 | 196 | 0.9 | 282 | 3.3 | 3.5 | ||||||||
Spruce | 1.2 | 124 | 4.8 | 200 | 1.0 | 279 | 3.6 | 3.8 | |||||||||
Fir | 1.3 | 118 | 5.0 | 192 | 1.1 | 270 | 3.7 | 3.9 | |||||||||
Siberian pine | 1.1 | 111 | 4.8 | 196 | 0.9 | 283 | 3.7 | 3.9 | |||||||||
DBF | Oak | 0.5 | 79 | 5.9 | 183 | 0.4 | 318 | 5.4 | 5.5 | ||||||||
Beech | 0.6 | 54 | 5.9 | 187 | 0.5 | 331 | 5.3 | 5.4 | |||||||||
Stone birch | 1.1 | 160 | 5.5 | 207 | 0.5 | 294 | 4.4 | 5.0 | |||||||||
Birch | 0.6 | 109 | 5.4 | 189 | 0.5 | 287 | 4.8 | 4.9 | |||||||||
Aspen | 0.6 | 103 | 5.7 | 183 | 0.6 | 288 | 5.1 | 5.1 | |||||||||
Linden | 0.5 | 104 | 5.9 | 182 | 0.4 | 309 | 5.4 | 5.5 | |||||||||
Maple | 0.5 | 112 | 5.8 | 172 | 0.4 | 302 | 5.3 | 5.4 | |||||||||
(b) | |||||||||||||||||
Forest Classes | Forest Species | Greening dates and spread | Browning dates and spread | Duration days | |||||||||||||
15% | 50% | 90% | Spread | 90% | 50% | 15% | Spread | 15% | 50% | 90% | |||||||
DNF | Sparse larch | 151 | 165 | 185 | 34 | 209 | 235 | 253 | 44 | 102 | 70 | 24 | |||||
Larch | 141 | 159 | 182 | 41 | 209 | 237 | 256 | 47 | 114 | 78 | 27 | ||||||
ENF | Pine | 131 | 154 | 181 | 50 | 213 | 242 | 265 | 52 | 133 | 87 | 32 | |||||
Spruce | 137 | 160 | 185 | 48 | 215 | 242 | 263 | 48 | 126 | 82 | 31 | ||||||
Fir | 127 | 145 | 171 | 44 | 214 | 241 | 259 | 45 | 132 | 96 | 43 | ||||||
Siberian pine | 126 | 150 | 178 | 52 | 214 | 243 | 265 | 51 | 139 | 92 | 36 | ||||||
DBF | Oak | 121 | 138 | 159 | 37 | 212 | 252 | 278 | 66 | 156 | 114 | 53 | |||||
Beech | 108 | 127 | 150 | 42 | 235 | 276 | 297 | 62 | 188 | 149 | 85 | ||||||
Stone birch | 166 | 175 | 191 | 25 | 225 | 249 | 266 | 41 | 100 | 74 | 35 | ||||||
Birch | 129 | 149 | 169 | 40 | 211 | 243 | 265 | 54 | 135 | 94 | 41 | ||||||
Aspen | 124 | 142 | 162 | 38 | 209 | 243 | 266 | 57 | 142 | 101 | 47 | ||||||
Linden | 122 | 137 | 156 | 34 | 217 | 254 | 273 | 56 | 151 | 116 | 60 | ||||||
Maple | 124 | 135 | 150 | 26 | 204 | 239 | 267 | 63 | 143 | 103 | 54 |
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Shabanov, N.V.; Egorov, V.A.; Miklashevich, T.S.; Stytsenko, E.A.; Bartalev, S.A. Utility of Leaf Area Index for Monitoring Phenology of Russian Forests. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 5419. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225419
Shabanov NV, Egorov VA, Miklashevich TS, Stytsenko EA, Bartalev SA. Utility of Leaf Area Index for Monitoring Phenology of Russian Forests. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(22):5419. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225419
Chicago/Turabian StyleShabanov, Nikolay V., Vyacheslav A. Egorov, Tatiana S. Miklashevich, Ekaterina A. Stytsenko, and Sergey A. Bartalev. 2023. "Utility of Leaf Area Index for Monitoring Phenology of Russian Forests" Remote Sensing 15, no. 22: 5419. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15225419