Are the Significant Ionospheric Anomalies Associated with the 2007 Great Deep-Focus Undersea Jakarta–Java Earthquake?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The 2007 Mw7.5 Jakarta–Java Earthquake
3. Methodology and Observations
3.1. GIM TEC Temporal Anomalies
3.2. TEC Spatial Anomalies
3.3. Ionospheric Plasma Anomalies
4. Possible Natural and Artificial Electromagnetic Background
4.1. Natural Non-Seismic Sources
4.2. The Powerful Ground-Based VLF Transmitters
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | NAME | LAT. | LONG. | FREQ. (kHz) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | UBE | 52.90 | 158.55 | 16.20 |
2 | NTS | −38.48 | 146.93 | 18.60 |
3 | NWC | −21.82 | 114.17 | 19.80 |
4 | NDT | 32.08 | 130.83 | 22.20 |
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Tao, D.; Wang, G.; Zong, J.; Wen, Y.; Cao, J.; Battiston, R.; Zeren, Z. Are the Significant Ionospheric Anomalies Associated with the 2007 Great Deep-Focus Undersea Jakarta–Java Earthquake? Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 2211. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092211
Tao D, Wang G, Zong J, Wen Y, Cao J, Battiston R, Zeren Z. Are the Significant Ionospheric Anomalies Associated with the 2007 Great Deep-Focus Undersea Jakarta–Java Earthquake? Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(9):2211. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092211
Chicago/Turabian StyleTao, Dan, Guangxue Wang, Jiayi Zong, Yuanzheng Wen, Jinbin Cao, Roberto Battiston, and Zhima Zeren. 2022. "Are the Significant Ionospheric Anomalies Associated with the 2007 Great Deep-Focus Undersea Jakarta–Java Earthquake?" Remote Sensing 14, no. 9: 2211. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14092211