Evaluation of GOCI Remote Sensing Reflectance Spectral Quality Based on a Quality Assurance Score System in the Bohai Sea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Algorithm
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data
2.2.1. GOCI Data
2.2.2. MODIS/Aqua Data
2.2.3. In Situ Data
2.3. Algorithm
2.3.1. Atmospheric-Correction Algorithms of GDPS
2.3.2. Atmospheric-Correction Algorithms of SeaDAS
- (1)
- The aerosol multiple-scattering reflectance ratio of the two near-infrared bands of each pixel has a fixed value, defined as ε(745,865), then:
- (2)
- The ratio between reflectance and atmospheric transmission at the two near-infrared bands (α(745,865)) is constant and equal to 1.945.
2.3.3. QA Score System
3. Results
3.1. Statistical Analysis of the Rrs(λ) QA Score
3.2. Comparison of Rrs(λ) with Measured In Situ Data
3.3. Hourly Variation of the GOCI Rrs(λ) QA Score from UTC 00:16 to 07:16
3.4. Cross-Comparison between GOCI and MODIS Rrs Data
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Band | MODIS Wavelength (nm) | Band | GOCI Wavelength (nm) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 412 | 1 | 412 |
2 | 443 | 2 | 443 |
3 | 469 | 3 | 490 |
4 | 488 | 4 | 555 |
5 | 531 | 5 | 660 |
6 | 547 | 6 | 680 |
7 | 555 | 7 | 745 |
8 | 667 | 8 | 865 |
9 | 678 | ||
10 | 748 | ||
11 | 859 | ||
12 | 869 |
λ1 (nm) | 555 | 555 | 555 | 745 | 745 | 745 | 865 |
λ2 (nm) | 412 | 430 | 490 | 555 | 660 | 680 | 745 |
D | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
QA Score | Frequency | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Seadas—Default | Seadas—MUMM | GDPS2.0 | GDPS1.3 | |
0 | 2.48% | 0.65% | 0.34% | 0.29% |
1/6 | 3.98% | 1.67% | 1.28% | 0.66% |
2/6 | 5.51% | 4.28% | 3.50% | 1.68% |
3/6 | 6.68% | 8.56% | 6.32% | 4.42% |
4/6 | 13.05% | 16.65% | 16.36% | 9.63% |
5/6 | 30.39% | 32.24% | 39.17% | 25.96% |
1 | 37.91% | 35.96% | 33.05% | 57.36% |
Area | QA Score | Frequency | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seadas—Default | Seadas—MUMM | GDPS2.0 | GDPS1.3 | ||
Three Bays | 0 | 1.36% | 0.488% | 0.241% | 0.22% |
1/6 | 1.24% | 1.100% | 0.621% | 0.44% | |
2/6 | 1.74% | 2.155% | 1.474% | 1.54% | |
3/6 | 4.45% | 6.034% | 3.784% | 4.39% | |
4/6 | 12.41% | 15.407% | 15.612% | 9.30% | |
5/6 | 34.78% | 35.613% | 42.780% | 25.33% | |
1 | 44.02% | 39.203% | 35.487% | 58.78% | |
Bohai Sea | 0 | 3.60% | 0.81% | 0.43% | 0.35% |
1/6 | 6.73% | 2.23% | 1.94% | 0.87% | |
2/6 | 9.28% | 6.41% | 5.52% | 1.82% | |
3/6 | 8.91% | 11.08% | 8.85% | 4.46% | |
4/6 | 13.69% | 17.89% | 17.10% | 9.96% | |
5/6 | 26.00% | 28.86% | 35.56% | 26.60% | |
1 | 31.79% | 32.72% | 30.60% | 55.95% |
Rrs | Atmospheric Correction Algorithms | ε | RMSE | Mean of QA Score |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rrs(469) | Seadas—Default | 30.31% | 0.00091 | 0.595 |
Seadas—MUMM | 76.59% | 0.00309 | 0.476 | |
GDPS2.0 | 54.59% | 0.00172 | 0.310 | |
GDPS1.3 | 59.26% | 0.00198 | 0.643 | |
Rrs(555) | Seadas—Default | 11.13% | 0.00031 | 0.595 |
Seadas—MUMM | 50.26% | 0.00212 | 0.476 | |
GDPS2.0 | 15.84% | 0.00048 | 0.310 | |
GDPS1.3 | 51.01% | 0.00192 | 0.643 | |
Rrs(469)/Rrs(555) | Seadas—Default | 22.96% | 0.26533 | 0.595 |
Seadas—MUMM | 29.82% | 0.32298 | 0.476 | |
GDPS2.0 | 43.04% | 0.50643 | 0.310 | |
GDPS1.3 | 10.34% | 0.10863 | 0.643 |
Band (nm) | Atmospheric Correction Algorithms | r | ε | RMSE | QA Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
412 | Seadas—Default | 0.832 | 27.53% | 0.00133 | 0.938 |
Seadas—MUMM | 0.580 | 38.72% | 0.00199 | 0.922 | |
GDPS2.0 | 0.847 | 73.07% | 0.00364 | 0.921 | |
GDPS1.3 | 0.800 | 56.70% | 0.00247 | 0.967 | |
443 | Seadas—Default | 0.932 | 15.96% | 0.00129 | 0.938 |
Seadas—MUMM | 0.817 | 19.14% | 0.00186 | 0.922 | |
GDPS2.0 | 0.939 | 26.39% | 0.00181 | 0.921 | |
GDPS1.3 | 0.904 | 19.61% | 0.00136 | 0.967 | |
490 | Seadas—Default | 0.971 | 20.78% | 0.00201 | 0.938 |
Seadas—MUMM | 0.939 | 19.70% | 0.00230 | 0.922 | |
GDPS2.0 | 0.978 | 7.12% | 0.00087 | 0.921 | |
GDPS1.3 | 0.962 | 9.38% | 0.00126 | 0.967 | |
531 | Seadas—Default | 0.985 | 16.24% | 0.00197 | 0.938 |
Seadas—MUMM | 0.974 | 15.46% | 0.00220 | 0.922 | |
GDPS2.0 | 0.986 | 5.29% | 0.00091 | 0.921 | |
GDPS1.3 | 0.980 | 7.24% | 0.00113 | 0.967 | |
555 | Seadas—Default | 0.988 | 13.91% | 0.00180 | 0.938 |
Seadas—MUMM | 0.979 | 13.32% | 0.00204 | 0.922 | |
GDPS2.0 | 0.989 | 5.65% | 0.00096 | 0.921 | |
GDPS1.3 | 0.982 | 7.68% | 0.00112 | 0.967 | |
660 | Seadas—Default | 0.982 | 30.57% | 0.00129 | 0.938 |
Seadas—MUMM | 0.967 | 29.01% | 0.00158 | 0.922 | |
GDPS2.0 | 0.983 | 10.04% | 0.00063 | 0.921 | |
GDPS1.3 | 0.977 | 24.88% | 0.00105 | 0.967 |
Rrs | Atmospheric Correction Algorithms | ε | RMSE | QA Score |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rrs(469) | Seadas—Default | 23.91% | 0.00212 | 0.938 |
Seadas—MUMM | 22.62% | 0.00248 | 0.922 | |
GDPS2.0 | 9.42% | 0.00102 | 0.921 | |
GDPS1.3 | 11.98% | 0.00153 | 0.967 | |
Rrs(555) | Seadas—Default | 13.91% | 0.00180 | 0.938 |
Seadas—MUMM | 13.32% | 0.00204 | 0.922 | |
GDPS2.0 | 5.65% | 0.00096 | 0.921 | |
GDPS1.3 | 7.68% | 0.00112 | 0.967 | |
Rrs-chla | Seadas—Default | 10.65% | 0.08833 | 0.938 |
Seadas—MUMM | 10.79% | 0.08751 | 0.922 | |
GDPS2.0 | 10.81% | 0.09669 | 0.921 | |
GDPS1.3 | 9.70% | 0.08674 | 0.967 |
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Liu, X.; Yang, Q.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, Y. Evaluation of GOCI Remote Sensing Reflectance Spectral Quality Based on a Quality Assurance Score System in the Bohai Sea. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 1075. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051075
Liu X, Yang Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Evaluation of GOCI Remote Sensing Reflectance Spectral Quality Based on a Quality Assurance Score System in the Bohai Sea. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(5):1075. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051075
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Xiaoyan, Qian Yang, Yunhua Wang, and Yu Zhang. 2022. "Evaluation of GOCI Remote Sensing Reflectance Spectral Quality Based on a Quality Assurance Score System in the Bohai Sea" Remote Sensing 14, no. 5: 1075. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14051075