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Volume 14
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10.3390/rs14153827
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Article

Long-Term Investigation of Aerosols in the Urmia Lake Region in the Middle East by Ground-Based and Satellite Data in 2000–2021

by
Abbas Ranjbar Saadat Abadi
1,
Nasim Hossein Hamzeh
2,
Karim Shukurov
3,
Christian Opp
4,* and
Umesh Chandra Dumka
5
1
Department of Meteorology, Atmospheric Science & Meteorological Research Center (ASMERC), Tehran 14118-13389, Iran
2
Department Meteorology, Air and Climate Technology Company (ACTC), Tehran 15996-16313, Iran
3
A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017 Moscow, Russia
4
Department of Geography, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
5
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences, Nainital 263001, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2022, 14(15), 3827; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153827
Submission received: 7 May 2022 / Revised: 2 August 2022 / Accepted: 4 August 2022 / Published: 8 August 2022
(This article belongs to the Topic Recent Progress in Aerosol Remote Sensing and Products)
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Abstract

Dried lake beds are some of the largest sources of dust in the world and have caused environmental problems in the surrounding areas in recent decades. In the present work, we studied the monthly and annual occurrence of dust storms at selected weather stations around Urmia Lake in northwestern (NW) Iran. Furthermore, we investigated the variations in the daily aerosol optical depth (AOD at 550 nm) and the Ångström exponent (at 412/470 nm), as well as the vertical profile of the total aerosol extinction coefficient and AOD at 532 nm, using space-borne MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Aqua and CALIPSO Satellite LiDAR data over the Urmia Lake region (36–39°N, 44–47°E). The monthly variations of AOD550 and AOD532 for the regions 37–39°N and 46–59°E were compared, and it was found that the CALIPSO AOD532 and MODIS AOD532 (reconstructed using the Ångström exponent) were in good agreement. In general, the dust storms during 2000–2021 increased the AOD550 above average around the Urmia Lake. The vertical profile of aerosols showed that the largest contribution to total aerosol loading over the Urmia Lake was from 1.5–3 km, 1.5–4 km, 1.5–5 km, and 1.5–3 km during winter, spring, summer, and autumn seasons, respectively.
Keywords: Urmia Lake; Aqua MODIS; aerosol optical depth; CALIPSO; statistical aerosol investigation Urmia Lake; Aqua MODIS; aerosol optical depth; CALIPSO; statistical aerosol investigation
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MDPI and ACS Style

Abadi, A.R.S.; Hamzeh, N.H.; Shukurov, K.; Opp, C.; Dumka, U.C. Long-Term Investigation of Aerosols in the Urmia Lake Region in the Middle East by Ground-Based and Satellite Data in 2000–2021. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 3827. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153827

AMA Style

Abadi ARS, Hamzeh NH, Shukurov K, Opp C, Dumka UC. Long-Term Investigation of Aerosols in the Urmia Lake Region in the Middle East by Ground-Based and Satellite Data in 2000–2021. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(15):3827. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153827

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abadi, Abbas Ranjbar Saadat, Nasim Hossein Hamzeh, Karim Shukurov, Christian Opp, and Umesh Chandra Dumka. 2022. "Long-Term Investigation of Aerosols in the Urmia Lake Region in the Middle East by Ground-Based and Satellite Data in 2000–2021" Remote Sensing 14, no. 15: 3827. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153827

APA Style

Abadi, A. R. S., Hamzeh, N. H., Shukurov, K., Opp, C., & Dumka, U. C. (2022). Long-Term Investigation of Aerosols in the Urmia Lake Region in the Middle East by Ground-Based and Satellite Data in 2000–2021. Remote Sensing, 14(15), 3827. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14153827

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