Spatial Variation in Coastal Dune Evolution in a High Tidal Range Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Survey Methodology
2.3. Satellite Derived Intertidal Bar Locations
2.4. Short Term Experiments on Wave Conditions Close to the Dune Line
3. Results
3.1. Morphological Surveys
3.2. Sattelite Derived Intertidal Bar Migration
3.3. Short Term Wave Experiments
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Point Set | 4 GCP | 6 GCP | 8 GCP | 10 GCP | 12 GCP | 14 GCP | 16 GCP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAE (m) | 0.054 | 0.057 | 0.052 | 0.057 | 0.051 | 0.050 | 0.056 |
Point Set | Transect 1 | Transect 2 | Transect 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Including vegetation | 0.278 | 0.206 | 0.193 |
Vegetation removed | 0.108 | 0.078 | 0.074 |
Tide Number | PT1 | PT2 | PT3 | PT4 | PT5 | PT6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.030 | 0 | 0 | 0.08 |
2 | 0.29 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.07 | 0.20 |
3 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.41 |
4 | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.57 |
5 | 0.2 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0 | 0.32 |
6 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 0 | 0.12 | 0.35 |
Tide Number | PT1 | PT2 | PT3 | PT4 | PT5 | PT6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.32 |
2 | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0 | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.56 |
3 | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0 | 0.170 | 0.13 | 0.45 |
4 | 0.23 | 0.28 | 0 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.37 |
5 | 0.37 | 0.44 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0 | 0.37 |
6 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0 | 0.41 |
7 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0 | 0.18 | 0.20 | 0.65 |
8 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.54 |
Deployment | PT1 | PT2 | PT3 | PT4 | PT5 | PT6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Mean | 0.95 | 1.00 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 1.02 | 0.95 |
Std. Dev. | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.08 | |
2 | Mean | 1.20 | 1.16 | 1.33 | 1.20 | 1.42 | 1.20 |
Std. Dev. | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.17 | 0.23 |
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Fairley, I.; Horrillo-Caraballo, J.; Masters, I.; Karunarathna, H.; Reeve, D.E. Spatial Variation in Coastal Dune Evolution in a High Tidal Range Environment. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 3689. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223689
Fairley I, Horrillo-Caraballo J, Masters I, Karunarathna H, Reeve DE. Spatial Variation in Coastal Dune Evolution in a High Tidal Range Environment. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12(22):3689. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223689
Chicago/Turabian StyleFairley, Iain, Jose Horrillo-Caraballo, Ian Masters, Harshinie Karunarathna, and Dominic E. Reeve. 2020. "Spatial Variation in Coastal Dune Evolution in a High Tidal Range Environment" Remote Sensing 12, no. 22: 3689. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12223689