Effects of Water Management Strategies on Water Balance in a Water Scarce Region: A Case Study in Beijing by a Holistic Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. The BHIWA Model Description
2.2.1. Irrigation Water Use
2.2.2. Agriculture Water Use Consumption
2.2.3. Groundwater Level
2.3. Scenarios
2.4. Evapotranspiration (ET) Data for the BHIWA Model
2.5. Simulated Evaluation Indexes
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Calibration and Verification of BHIWA Model
3.2. Effect of the Decrease of IWSR on Regional Irrigation Water Supply, Total Consumption, and Groundwater Level
3.2.1. Variation of Regional Irrigation Water Use and Agriculture Water Consumption
3.2.2. Sensitivity Analysis
3.3. Effect of the Increase of WUE on Regional Irrigation Water Supply, Agriculture Water Consumption, and Groundwater Level
3.3.1. Variation of Regional Irrigation Water Use and Agriculture Water Consumption
3.3.2. Sensitivity Analysis
3.4. Effect of Combined Measures on Regional Irrigation Water Use and Water Consumption and Its Sensitivity
3.4.1. Difference of Regional Irrigation Water Use and Water Consumption
3.4.2. Difference of Sensitivity
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Precipitation Type | Wet | Normal | Dry | Extremely Dry | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (%) | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 | - |
Annual precipitation (mm) | 551 | 446 | 365 | 310 | 472 |
Index | Index Range | Value of Index Level Selection |
---|---|---|
Irrigation water supply reliability (IWSR) | 0.0~1.0 | 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 |
Irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) | 0.60~0.90 | 0.60, 0.65, 0.70, 0.75, 0.80, 0.85, 0.90 |
Precipitation Type | Extremely Dry | Dry | Normal | Wet | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Decrease of irrigation water use (108 m3) | 0.455 | 0.388 | 0.344 | 0.267 | 0.311 |
Decrease of agriculture water consumption (108 m3) | 0.353 | 0.301 | 0.267 | 0.208 | 0.241 |
Raise of groundwater level (m) | 0.342 | 0.291 | 0.258 | 0.201 | 0.234 |
Precipitation Type | Extremely Dry | Dry | Normal | Wet | Average |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Decrease of irrigation water use (108 m3) | 0.355 | 0.303 | 0.273 | 0.223 | 0.251 |
Decrease of agriculture water consumption (108 m3) | 0.037 | 0.031 | 0.028 | 0.023 | 0.026 |
Raise of groundwater level (m) | 0.037 | 0.032 | 0.028 | 0.024 | 0.027 |
Irrigation Water Use | Agriculture Water Consumption | Regional Groundwater Level | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IWSR | WUE | IWSR | WUE | IWSR | WUE | |
Maximum sensitivity | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.42 | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0.02 |
Value range with maximum sensitivity | 0.0–1.0 | 0.60–0.90 | 0.9–1.0 | 0.60–0.65 | 0.9–1.0 | 0.60–0.65 |
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Peng, Z.; Zhang, B.; Cai, X.; Wang, L. Effects of Water Management Strategies on Water Balance in a Water Scarce Region: A Case Study in Beijing by a Holistic Model. Sustainability 2016, 8, 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080749
Peng Z, Zhang B, Cai X, Wang L. Effects of Water Management Strategies on Water Balance in a Water Scarce Region: A Case Study in Beijing by a Holistic Model. Sustainability. 2016; 8(8):749. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080749
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng, Zhigong, Baozhong Zhang, Xueliang Cai, and Lei Wang. 2016. "Effects of Water Management Strategies on Water Balance in a Water Scarce Region: A Case Study in Beijing by a Holistic Model" Sustainability 8, no. 8: 749. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8080749