Is Sustainablity Possible in Protected Areas in Mexico? Deer as an Example of a Renewable Resource
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Protected Areas Where Research Has Been Done
Protected Area and the State in Mexico Where It Is Located | Area (ha) | Vegetation Type | Deer Species Studied |
---|---|---|---|
Biosphere Reserves | |||
La Michilía, Durango | 9325 | Mixed pine-oak temperate forest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
Manantlán, Jalisco | 139,577 | Mixed pine-oak temperate forest, Cloud forest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
Chamela-Cuixmala, Jalisco | 13,142 | Tropical deciduous forest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileusvirginianus) |
Sierra Gorda, Querétaro | 383,567 | Temperate forest, Oak forest, Tropical deciduous forest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and red brocket (Mazama temama) |
Sierra de Huautla, Morelos | 59,031 | Tropical deciduous forest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
Sian Ka’an, Quintana Roo | 528,148 | Semi-evergreen tropical forest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
Montes Azules, Chiapas | 331,200 | Tropical rainforest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
Calakmul, Campeche | 723,185 | Tropical deciduous forest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), red brocket (Mazama temama) and temazate café (Mazama pandora) |
Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz | 155,122 | Tropical rainforest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and red brocket (Mazama temama) |
Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, Puebla-Oaxaca | 490,186 | Tropical deciduous forest, Oak forest, Desert scrub | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and red brocket (Mazama temama) |
Sierra de La Laguna, Baja California Sur | 112,437 | Temperate pine-oak forest, Oak forest | Mule deer(Odocoileus hemionus) |
Mapimí, Durango-Chihuahua-Coahuila | 342,388 | Chihuahuan Desert scrub | Mule deer(Odocoileus hemionus) |
Isla Cedros, Baja California | 34,700 | Coniferous forest and desert scrub | Mule deer(Odocoileus hemionus) |
Isla Tiburón, Sonora | 120,800 | Sonoran Desert scrub | Mule deer(Odocoileus hemionus) |
National and State Parks | |||
La Primavera, Jalisco | 36,229 | Temperate pine-oak forest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
Desierto de Los Leones, Federal District | 1866 | Temperate forest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
La Sierra State Park, Tabasco | 15,113 | Tropical rainforest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and red brocket (Mazama temama) |
Gral. Lázaro Cardénas State Park, Puebla | 700 | Oak forest, Thorny scrub | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
Protection area for flora and fauna: The Chichinautzin Biological Corridor, Morelos | 37,302 | Temperate forest | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) |
Private Reserve | |||
El Edén, Quintana Roo | 1492 | Semi-evergreen tropical forest, Secondary vegetation | White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), red brocket (Mazama temama) and brown brocket (Mazama pandora) |
Species | Distribution Area (km2) | Number of PNAs in the Deer’s Distribution Range | Protected Area (km2) | Percentage of the Deer’s Distribution Area that Is Protected |
---|---|---|---|---|
Odocoileus virginianus | 1,763,490.79 | 117 | 107,453.07 | 6.1% |
Odocoileus hemionus | 560,957.50 | 18 | 84,994.25 | 15.2% |
Mazama temama | 419,658.67 | 40 | 53,072.24 | 12.6% |
Mazama pandora | 130,089.79 | 10 | 26,301.14 | 20.2% |
Totals | 2,874,196.75 | 185 | 271,820.70 | 9.5% |
2.1.1. Distribution Area of Deer Species and Proportions of Those Areas Under Protection
2.1.2. The Use of Deer
- Size. Most of the hunting ranches that have been transformed into UMAs occupy very large tracts of land.
- The owners have extensive hunting experience, a solid group of contacts and commercialization channels owing to the practice of raising livestock in addition to managing the UMA for hunting.
- The majority of the UMAs are located near Mexico’s border with the USA, where there are wealthy hunters.
3. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
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Gallina, S. Is Sustainablity Possible in Protected Areas in Mexico? Deer as an Example of a Renewable Resource. Sustainability 2012, 4, 2366-2376. https://doi.org/10.3390/su4102366
Gallina S. Is Sustainablity Possible in Protected Areas in Mexico? Deer as an Example of a Renewable Resource. Sustainability. 2012; 4(10):2366-2376. https://doi.org/10.3390/su4102366
Chicago/Turabian StyleGallina, Sonia. 2012. "Is Sustainablity Possible in Protected Areas in Mexico? Deer as an Example of a Renewable Resource" Sustainability 4, no. 10: 2366-2376. https://doi.org/10.3390/su4102366