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Sustainability
Volume 18
Issue 2
10.3390/su18020681
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Article

Green Supply Chain Management, Green Innovation, and Carbon-Neutral Performance: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Moderating Role of Sustainability Metrics

by
Resul Öztürk
1,
Mehtap Öztürk
2,
Zeynep Kızılkan
1,
Constantin Dumitrașcu
3,
Daniela Cîrțînă
4,*,
Stefan Sorinel Ghimiși
5,
Cătălina Aurora Ianăși
5 and
Alin Nioață
5
1
Department of International Trade and Finance, Selçuk University, Konya 42250, Turkey
2
Department of Business Administration, Selçuk University, Konya 42250, Turkey
3
Department of Quality Engineering and Industrial Technologies, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
4
Department of Health and Motricity, Constantin Brancusi University of Targu Jiu (UCB), RO-210185 Targu Jiu, Romania
5
Department of Industrial and Automation Engineering, Constantin Brancusi University of Targu Jiu (UCB), RO-210185 Targu Jiu, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2026, 18(2), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020681
Submission received: 10 November 2025 / Revised: 16 December 2025 / Accepted: 29 December 2025 / Published: 9 January 2026
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Abstract

The accelerating global transition toward low-carbon production and sustainable value chains has intensified interest in practices that enhance environmental performance, particularly green supply chain management (GSCM) and green innovation (GI). Although these practices are widely promoted, empirical findings regarding how GSCM influences GI and carbon-neutral supply chain performance (CNSCP) remain dispersed and context-dependent. This study aims to synthesize and clarify these relationships by conducting a systematic meta-analysis grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV). Analyzing 24 studies published between 2017 and 2025, the research investigates the direct effects of GSCM on GI and CNSCP and examines the moderating roles of key sustainability metrics—CO2 emissions, renewable energy use, carbon tax, Frontier Technologies Index (FTI), and Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index (GSCI)—across low- and high-income countries. The findings reveal that GSCM significantly enhances both GI and CNSCP. Furthermore, strong sustainability infrastructures and stringent regulatory environments in high-income countries amplify these relationships, whereas infrastructure deficiencies and weaker regulatory systems in low-income countries limit their strength. These results demonstrate that sustainability metrics meaningfully condition the effectiveness of GSCM practices. Overall, this study highlights the strategic importance of GSCM in fostering CNSCP and provides theoretical insights and practical recommendations for policymakers, managers, and governments seeking to achieve long-term carbon neutrality goals.
Keywords: green supply chain management; green innovation; carbon-neutral supply chain performance; Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index; Frontier Technologies Index; CO2 emissions green supply chain management; green innovation; carbon-neutral supply chain performance; Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index; Frontier Technologies Index; CO2 emissions

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MDPI and ACS Style

Öztürk, R.; Öztürk, M.; Kızılkan, Z.; Dumitrașcu, C.; Cîrțînă, D.; Ghimiși, S.S.; Ianăși, C.A.; Nioață, A. Green Supply Chain Management, Green Innovation, and Carbon-Neutral Performance: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Moderating Role of Sustainability Metrics. Sustainability 2026, 18, 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020681

AMA Style

Öztürk R, Öztürk M, Kızılkan Z, Dumitrașcu C, Cîrțînă D, Ghimiși SS, Ianăși CA, Nioață A. Green Supply Chain Management, Green Innovation, and Carbon-Neutral Performance: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Moderating Role of Sustainability Metrics. Sustainability. 2026; 18(2):681. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020681

Chicago/Turabian Style

Öztürk, Resul, Mehtap Öztürk, Zeynep Kızılkan, Constantin Dumitrașcu, Daniela Cîrțînă, Stefan Sorinel Ghimiși, Cătălina Aurora Ianăși, and Alin Nioață. 2026. "Green Supply Chain Management, Green Innovation, and Carbon-Neutral Performance: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Moderating Role of Sustainability Metrics" Sustainability 18, no. 2: 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020681

APA Style

Öztürk, R., Öztürk, M., Kızılkan, Z., Dumitrașcu, C., Cîrțînă, D., Ghimiși, S. S., Ianăși, C. A., & Nioață, A. (2026). Green Supply Chain Management, Green Innovation, and Carbon-Neutral Performance: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Moderating Role of Sustainability Metrics. Sustainability, 18(2), 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020681

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