Challenges and Opportunities of Oxalis tuberosa Molina Cultivation, from an Andean Agroecological and Biocultural Perspective

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

1. The sample size of the article is limited. The study only involves 33 active members of PPMA, which may not represent the entire city or even a wider range of growers.
2. The research mainly adopts qualitative methods, lacking quantitative analysis of potato yield and economic benefits in Oxalis tuberosa Mol.. It is suggested that the relevant parts in RESULTS AND DISCUSSION can be presented in the form of charts instead of simple textual descriptions.
3, It is recommended that the authors add a flowchart to illustrate the relationship between the main elements and themes of the article's research.

Author Response

Reviewer 1

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

1. The sample size of the article is limited. The study only involves 33 active members of PPMA, which may not represent the entire city or even a wider range of growers.

Answer

Thank you for your observation regarding the sample size. In section “2.1 Study Area,” the first paragraph explains the rationale for selecting the Producampo Association as the focus of the study. Although the study only involves 33 active members of the PPMA, this association was chosen because it is one of the most representative and organized groups of small-scale producers in the region. The selection was based on their active participation, community engagement, and relevance to the research objectives, rather than aiming for statistical generalization to the entire city or a broader population. As acknowledged in the manuscript, while the results may not be fully generalizable, they provide valuable insights into the dynamics and challenges faced by organized smallholder producers, which can inform future research and policy development for similar contexts
2. The research mainly adopts qualitative methods, lacking quantitative analysis of potato yield and economic benefits in Oxalis tuberosa Mol.. It is suggested that the relevant parts in RESULTS AND DISCUSSION can be presented in the form of charts instead of simple textual descriptions.

Answer

Thank you for your valuable suggestion regarding the use of quantitative analysis and visual representation of data. As noted, this study primarily employs qualitative methods to explore the socio-cultural and agroecological aspects of Oxalis tuberosa Mol. cultivation, which is reflected in the textual descriptions of the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION section. We acknowledge that the inclusion of quantitative data—especially regarding potato yield and economic benefits—would significantly enhance the analysis. In response, we have revised the manuscript to incorporate available quantitative information and provided visual representations (such as charts and tables) where applicable. This addition aims to facilitate a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the findings. We appreciate your feedback, which has contributed to improving both the rigor and clarity of our work.

3. It is recommended that the authors add a flowchart to illustrate the relationship between the main elements and themes of the article's research.

Answer

Here is a polished and appropriate response in English for the reviewer’s comment:

Thank you very much for your constructive suggestion. In response, we have added a flowchart to the revised manuscript to visually illustrate the relationship between the main elements and themes addressed in our research. We believe that this graphical representation will help readers better understand the structure and key interconnections presented in the study. We appreciate your recommendation, which has contributed to enhancing the clarity and overall presentation of our article.

 

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

I have thoroughly reviewed the paper you submitted and am genuinely interested in your research. The research highlights the importance of Oxalis tuberosa Mol. in enhancing the food resilience of Andean communities, as well as the potential of revaluing this crop and its traditional practices to improve agricultural sustainability in the region. However, there are several areas in the current version of the paper that require improvement. Below, I will outline my observations and suggestions for enhancement.

Main comments

1. The introduction provides a relatively comprehensive description of the research background, but it lacks detailed descriptions of the specific circumstances of the study area and the uniqueness and innovativeness of the research question. Although it mentions that the cultivation of oca in the Andean region faces challenges, the unique challenges of the specific area of Montúfar canton, Carchi province, and the significance of the research are not elaborated in depth, failing to highlight the unique contributions of this study in terms of time and space.
2. The study employed qualitative research methods, but in the experimental design, there is a lack of detailed explanation and sufficient justification for the selection of samples and the determination of sample size. Although the snowball sampling method was mentioned, the small sample size may affect the representativeness and generalizability of the research results. In addition, while the content and process of the semi-structured interviews were mentioned in the data collection methods, the design of the interview questions, the selection of interviewers, and the quality control of the interview process were not described in detail.
3. When describing the experimental results, although detailed data presentation was provided for aspects such as the basic characteristics of the producers, the general situation of IAPS, and agricultural practices, the underlying deeper meanings of the data were not sufficiently explored, and further analysis and discussion of the data were lacking.
4. When analyzing the impact of the producers' level of education on agricultural practices, the study merely mentions the potential barriers but does not delve into the specific manifestations and mechanisms of this influence.
5. Further analysis should be conducted on how the level of education specifically affects producers' acceptance and application of new technologies, as well as how measures such as training can be used to enhance producers' knowledge and skill levels.
6. In the conclusion section, further summarize the research results, highlight the main contributions and innovations of the study, and emphasize the significance of this research for understanding and promoting the sustainable cultivation of oca and agricultural development in the Andean region.
7. Clearly point out the limitations and deficiencies of the study, such as the small sample size and the short duration of the research, and propose directions and suggestions for future research. For example, expanding the sample size, conducting long-term follow-up studies, and in-depth exploration of the genetic characteristics and adaptability of oca, in order to provide references and guidance for further research.

 

Minor comments

Line 14-15 The sentence structure is not clear enough

Line 15-16 Rewrite“The research adopted a mixed methodological approach, combining semi-structured interviews with descriptive statistical analysis using Atlas.ti and statistical software”

Line 96 The sentence expression is not clear enough

Line 292 Improving Sentences

Line 300 Rewrite

The term "agroecological" is misspelled multiple times in the text.

Author Response

Reviewer 2

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

I have thoroughly reviewed the paper you submitted and am genuinely interested in your research. The research highlights the importance of Oxalis tuberosa Mol. in enhancing the food resilience of Andean communities, as well as the potential of revaluing this crop and its traditional practices to improve agricultural sustainability in the region. However, there are several areas in the current version of the paper that require improvement. Below, I will outline my observations and suggestions for enhancement.

Answer

Thank you very much for your thoughtful review and your interest in our research. We appreciate your recognition of the significance of Oxalis tuberosa. in supporting food resilience and sustainable agriculture in Andean communities. We also value your constructive feedback and suggestions for improvement. Please rest assured that we will carefully consider each of your observations and address them in the revised version of our manuscript.

Main comments

1. The introduction provides a relatively comprehensive description of the research background, but it lacks detailed descriptions of the specific circumstances of the study area and the uniqueness and innovativeness of the research question. Although it mentions that the cultivation of oca in the Andean region faces challenges, the unique challenges of the specific area of Montúfar canton, Carchi province, and the significance of the research are not elaborated in depth, failing to highlight the unique contributions of this study in terms of time and space.

Answer

Thank you for your insightful comment regarding the introduction. We appreciate your observation and agree that providing more detailed context about the specific circumstances of the study area, as well as emphasizing the uniqueness and innovativeness of our research, will strengthen the manuscript. In response, we have revised the introduction to include a more in-depth description of the challenges faced by oca cultivation in Montúfar canton, Carchi province, such as local agroecological conditions, socio-economic factors, and recent trends affecting traditional practices. We have also clarified the temporal and spatial significance of our study, highlighting its unique contributions to understanding the dynamics of oca cultivation in this specific context.

2. The study employed qualitative research methods, but in the experimental design, there is a lack of detailed explanation and sufficient justification for the selection of samples and the determination of sample size. Although the snowball sampling method was mentioned, the small sample size may affect the representativeness and generalizability of the research results. In addition, while the content and process of the semi-structured interviews were mentioned in the data collection methods, the design of the interview questions, the selection of interviewers, and the quality control of the interview process were not described in detail.

Answer

Thank you for your thorough and constructive feedback. We acknowledge the importance of providing a clear and detailed explanation of our experimental design and sampling procedures. In response to your comments, we have revised the methodology section to include comprehensive justification for the use of the snowball sampling method and the determination of the sample size, addressing the inherent limitations regarding representativeness and generalizability. Additionally, we have expanded our description of the data collection process to include the development and rationale behind the interview questions, the criteria for interviewer selection, and the quality control measures undertaken to ensure consistency and reliability throughout the interview process.

3. When describing the experimental results, although detailed data presentation was provided for aspects such as the basic characteristics of the producers, the general situation of IAPS, and agricultural practices, the underlying deeper meanings of the data were not sufficiently explored, and further analysis and discussion of the data were lacking.

Answer

Thank you for your helpful comment regarding the analysis of our experimental results. We appreciate your observation that, while detailed data were presented for the basic characteristics of producers, the general situation of IAPS, and agricultural practices, the deeper implications of these findings were not adequately explored. In response, we have revised the Results and Discussion section to include a more thorough interpretation and critical analysis of the data, examining underlying patterns, possible causal relationships, and their broader significance for both the study area and similar contexts. We have also expanded the discussion to connect our findings with existing literature, thereby providing greater depth and context to our results.

4. When analyzing the impact of the producers' level of education on agricultural practices, the study merely mentions the potential barriers but does not delve into the specific manifestations and mechanisms of this influence.

Answer

Thank you for your insightful feedback on our analysis of the impact of producers’ level of education on agricultural practices. We acknowledge that, in the current version, the discussion of this relationship was limited to a mention of potential barriers without fully exploring how education shapes agricultural decision-making and practices in detail. In response, we have revised the relevant section to provide a deeper analysis of the specific ways in which educational attainment influences producers’ access to information, adoption of innovations, and management of both traditional and modern agricultural techniques. We have also discussed possible mechanisms by which education can affect productivity, adaptation to challenges, and openness to sustainable practices, supported by examples from our findings and relevant literature.

5. Further analysis should be conducted on how the level of education specifically affects producers' acceptance and application of new technologies, as well as how measures such as training can be used to enhance producers' knowledge and skill levels.

Answer

Thank you for highlighting the need for a deeper analysis of the relationship between producers’ educational levels, their acceptance and application of new technologies, and the potential role of training initiatives. In response to your valuable suggestion, we have expanded the discussion section to specifically examine how varying levels of education influence producers’ willingness and capacity to adopt new agricultural technologies. We have also included an analysis of how targeted training programs and extension services can serve as effective measures to enhance producers' knowledge, skills, and technological uptake, regardless of their formal education levels.

6. In the conclusion section, further summarize the research results, highlight the main contributions and innovations of the study, and emphasize the significance of this research for understanding and promoting the sustainable cultivation of oca and agricultural development in the Andean region.

Answer

Thank you for your valuable suggestion regarding the conclusion section. In response, we have revised the conclusion to provide a clearer and more concise summary of our main research findings. We now explicitly highlight the key contributions and innovations of our study, such as the detailed analysis of the unique challenges faced by oca producers in the Montúfar canton, the role of traditional knowledge and practices in sustainable agriculture, and the impact of education and training on technological adoption. Additionally, we have emphasized the broader significance of our research for advancing the understanding and promotion of sustainable oca cultivation, as well as its implications for agricultural development and food security in the Andean region.

7. Clearly point out the limitations and deficiencies of the study, such as the small sample size and the short duration of the research and propose directions and suggestions for future research. For example, expanding the sample size, conducting long-term follow-up studies, and in-depth exploration of the genetic characteristics and adaptability of oca, to provide references and guidance for further research.

 Answer

Thank you for your thoughtful comment regarding the discussion of the limitations and future directions of our study. We fully agree that acknowledging the main limitations, such as the small sample size and short duration of the research, is essential for transparency and for contextualizing our findings. In response, we have clearly addressed these points in the revised manuscript, highlighting how they may affect the representativeness and generalizability of our results. Additionally, we have outlined suggestions for future research, including the need to expand the sample size, undertake longitudinal studies to observe changes over time, and carry out in-depth investigations into the genetic characteristics and adaptability of oca.

Minor comments

Line 14-15 The sentence structure is not clear enough

 Answer

Thank you for your observation. We have revised the sentence in lines 14-15 to improve its clarity and readability.

Line 15-16 Rewrite“The research adopted a mixed methodological approach, combining semi-structured interviews with descriptive statistical analysis using Atlas.ti and statistical software”

 Answer

Thank you for your suggestion. We have revised the sentence to: “The study used a mixed-methods approach, integrating semi-structured interviews with descriptive statistical analysis through Atlas.ti and statistical software.”

Line 96 The sentence expression is not clear enough

 Answer

Thank you for your comment. We have revised the sentence in line 96 to improve its clarity and expression.

Line 292 Improving Sentences
Answer

Thank you for your suggestion. We have rephrased the sentence in line 292 to enhance its readability and precision.

Line 300 Rewrite

 Answer

Thank you for pointing this out. We have rewritten the sentence in line 300 for greater clarity and coherence.

The term "agroecological" is misspelled multiple times in the text

 Answer

Thank you for noticing this. We have carefully reviewed the manuscript and corrected all misspellings of the term "agroecological."

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 3 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

It is an interesting study on an underutilized and locally significant plant species.
 

The botanical name is Oxalis tuberosa Molina. 
Please check it through World Flora Online. Please write the botanical authority name only when first mentioned in the abstract and body text.

Please arrange Keywords alphabetically and avoid words already mentioned in the title. 

Botanical names in Latin should always be italicized. Please recheck them throughout the manuscript. 

In the Introduction section, please provide background about other underutilized and neglected tubers in the Andean region, highlighting their importance in local agronomy and food culture. 

Methods: Please justify the imbalance in genders in the sample. Is that related to the fact that women know more about this species? Please explain. 

Please use a clearer study area map. The country map is not clear. 

Please provide more info about the local agronomic practices in the study area, the ethnic groups, and the language(s).

Why did the authors choose the Producampo Producers and Marketers Association (PPMA) exclusively? 

The authors mention that 10 in-depth interviews were conducted. Are these interviews with the 33 members mentioned somewhere above, or are they with only 10 study participants? If the second, please justify the small number of participants. 

Subchapter  Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Producers of the PPMA sounds as Methods, not Results. 

The first four subchapters in the Results section seem to provide info mainly about  PPMA Producers rather than the topic of the studied species. Please focus on the main topic of your research and provide relevant info. All other additional info should be directly related. 

Chapters "IAPS Structure" and "Biocultural Aspects of PPMA Producers": Please see the similar comment above and the information relevant to the core topic. 

Please expand more space on the main topic of Oxalis tuberosa and discuss its cultural, agronomic, economic, and gastronomic importance, and compare that with similar undersized local tubers in the Andean region and elsewhere around the globe. 

Author Response

Reviewer 2

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

I have thoroughly reviewed the paper you submitted and am genuinely interested in your research. The research highlights the importance of Oxalis tuberosa Mol. in enhancing the food resilience of Andean communities, as well as the potential of revaluing this crop and its traditional practices to improve agricultural sustainability in the region. However, there are several areas in the current version of the paper that require improvement. Below, I will outline my observations and suggestions for enhancement.

Answer

Thank you very much for your thoughtful review and your interest in our research. We appreciate your recognition of the significance of Oxalis tuberosa. in supporting food resilience and sustainable agriculture in Andean communities. We also value your constructive feedback and suggestions for improvement. Please rest assured that we will carefully consider each of your observations and address them in the revised version of our manuscript.

Main comments

1. The introduction provides a relatively comprehensive description of the research background, but it lacks detailed descriptions of the specific circumstances of the study area and the uniqueness and innovativeness of the research question. Although it mentions that the cultivation of oca in the Andean region faces challenges, the unique challenges of the specific area of Montúfar canton, Carchi province, and the significance of the research are not elaborated in depth, failing to highlight the unique contributions of this study in terms of time and space.

Answer

Thank you for your insightful comment regarding the introduction. We appreciate your observation and agree that providing more detailed context about the specific circumstances of the study area, as well as emphasizing the uniqueness and innovativeness of our research, will strengthen the manuscript. In response, we have revised the introduction to include a more in-depth description of the challenges faced by oca cultivation in Montúfar canton, Carchi province, such as local agroecological conditions, socio-economic factors, and recent trends affecting traditional practices. We have also clarified the temporal and spatial significance of our study, highlighting its unique contributions to understanding the dynamics of oca cultivation in this specific context.

2. The study employed qualitative research methods, but in the experimental design, there is a lack of detailed explanation and sufficient justification for the selection of samples and the determination of sample size. Although the snowball sampling method was mentioned, the small sample size may affect the representativeness and generalizability of the research results. In addition, while the content and process of the semi-structured interviews were mentioned in the data collection methods, the design of the interview questions, the selection of interviewers, and the quality control of the interview process were not described in detail.

Answer

Thank you for your thorough and constructive feedback. We acknowledge the importance of providing a clear and detailed explanation of our experimental design and sampling procedures. In response to your comments, we have revised the methodology section to include comprehensive justification for the use of the snowball sampling method and the determination of the sample size, addressing the inherent limitations regarding representativeness and generalizability. Additionally, we have expanded our description of the data collection process to include the development and rationale behind the interview questions, the criteria for interviewer selection, and the quality control measures undertaken to ensure consistency and reliability throughout the interview process.

3. When describing the experimental results, although detailed data presentation was provided for aspects such as the basic characteristics of the producers, the general situation of IAPS, and agricultural practices, the underlying deeper meanings of the data were not sufficiently explored, and further analysis and discussion of the data were lacking.

Answer

Thank you for your helpful comment regarding the analysis of our experimental results. We appreciate your observation that, while detailed data were presented for the basic characteristics of producers, the general situation of IAPS, and agricultural practices, the deeper implications of these findings were not adequately explored. In response, we have revised the Results and Discussion section to include a more thorough interpretation and critical analysis of the data, examining underlying patterns, possible causal relationships, and their broader significance for both the study area and similar contexts. We have also expanded the discussion to connect our findings with existing literature, thereby providing greater depth and context to our results.

4. When analyzing the impact of the producers' level of education on agricultural practices, the study merely mentions the potential barriers but does not delve into the specific manifestations and mechanisms of this influence.

Answer

Thank you for your insightful feedback on our analysis of the impact of producers’ level of education on agricultural practices. We acknowledge that, in the current version, the discussion of this relationship was limited to a mention of potential barriers without fully exploring how education shapes agricultural decision-making and practices in detail. In response, we have revised the relevant section to provide a deeper analysis of the specific ways in which educational attainment influences producers’ access to information, adoption of innovations, and management of both traditional and modern agricultural techniques. We have also discussed possible mechanisms by which education can affect productivity, adaptation to challenges, and openness to sustainable practices, supported by examples from our findings and relevant literature.

5. Further analysis should be conducted on how the level of education specifically affects producers' acceptance and application of new technologies, as well as how measures such as training can be used to enhance producers' knowledge and skill levels.

Answer

Thank you for highlighting the need for a deeper analysis of the relationship between producers’ educational levels, their acceptance and application of new technologies, and the potential role of training initiatives. In response to your valuable suggestion, we have expanded the discussion section to specifically examine how varying levels of education influence producers’ willingness and capacity to adopt new agricultural technologies. We have also included an analysis of how targeted training programs and extension services can serve as effective measures to enhance producers' knowledge, skills, and technological uptake, regardless of their formal education levels.

6. In the conclusion section, further summarize the research results, highlight the main contributions and innovations of the study, and emphasize the significance of this research for understanding and promoting the sustainable cultivation of oca and agricultural development in the Andean region.

Answer

Thank you for your valuable suggestion regarding the conclusion section. In response, we have revised the conclusion to provide a clearer and more concise summary of our main research findings. We now explicitly highlight the key contributions and innovations of our study, such as the detailed analysis of the unique challenges faced by oca producers in the Montúfar canton, the role of traditional knowledge and practices in sustainable agriculture, and the impact of education and training on technological adoption. Additionally, we have emphasized the broader significance of our research for advancing the understanding and promotion of sustainable oca cultivation, as well as its implications for agricultural development and food security in the Andean region.

7. Clearly point out the limitations and deficiencies of the study, such as the small sample size and the short duration of the research and propose directions and suggestions for future research. For example, expanding the sample size, conducting long-term follow-up studies, and in-depth exploration of the genetic characteristics and adaptability of oca, to provide references and guidance for further research.

 Answer

Thank you for your thoughtful comment regarding the discussion of the limitations and future directions of our study. We fully agree that acknowledging the main limitations, such as the small sample size and short duration of the research, is essential for transparency and for contextualizing our findings. In response, we have clearly addressed these points in the revised manuscript, highlighting how they may affect the representativeness and generalizability of our results. Additionally, we have outlined suggestions for future research, including the need to expand the sample size, undertake longitudinal studies to observe changes over time, and carry out in-depth investigations into the genetic characteristics and adaptability of oca.

Minor comments

Line 14-15 The sentence structure is not clear enough

 Answer

Thank you for your observation. We have revised the sentence in lines 14-15 to improve its clarity and readability.

Line 15-16 Rewrite“The research adopted a mixed methodological approach, combining semi-structured interviews with descriptive statistical analysis using Atlas.ti and statistical software”

 Answer

Thank you for your suggestion. We have revised the sentence to: “The study used a mixed-methods approach, integrating semi-structured interviews with descriptive statistical analysis through Atlas.ti and statistical software.”

Line 96 The sentence expression is not clear enough

 Answer

Thank you for your comment. We have revised the sentence in line 96 to improve its clarity and expression.

Line 292 Improving Sentences
Answer

Thank you for your suggestion. We have rephrased the sentence in line 292 to enhance its readability and precision.

Line 300 Rewrite

 Answer

Thank you for pointing this out. We have rewritten the sentence in line 300 for greater clarity and coherence.

The term "agroecological" is misspelled multiple times in the text

 Answer

Thank you for noticing this. We have carefully reviewed the manuscript and corrected all misspellings of the term "agroecological."

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 4 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

Dear authors,

I have read the entire manuscript and would like to highlight the great importance of studying traditional food sources, especially regarding their role in the conservation of sociocultural practices and genetic resources within integrated systems. To enhance the scientific quality of the manuscript and ensure its rigor, I recommend that the following issues be addressed with attention:

• Lines 36–37 – How is cultural transformation related to optimal conditions for cultivating the species? I understand your intention, but the sentence is awkward and must be rephrased for clarity.
• Line 54 – Oxalis tuberosa must be italicized. Also, please revise all species names: the first time a species is cited, include the author(s); in subsequent mentions, use only the species name (e.g., Oxalis or O. tuberosa).
• Lines 78–87 – The objective section needs rewriting; it is not clearly stated. Additionally, it would be appreciated if you could include explicit hypotheses.
• Lines 112–114 – Figure 1 is illegible: the colors are indistinguishable, and the map is in Spanish, not English. Please improve figure quality and font size.
• Lines 118–120 – “In terms of soil and … sustainable practices” – What do you mean by stating that the area allows agriculture to adapt to certain parameters? This needs clarification.
• Section 2.2 – This section overlaps conceptually with Section 2.3. Please consider rewriting and merging both.
• Line 137 – What do you mean by “in-depth interviews”? Please define this term or describe the method.
• Lines 135–143 – Were these three phases developed by you? Has this method been cited in previous literature? Please provide references if applicable.
• Section 2.3 – Since the manuscript addresses traditional knowledge and practices, ethical approval must be mentioned, including the protocol number or responsible institution.
• Lines 177–182 – This paragraph is repeated elsewhere. Please restructure to avoid redundancy.
• Methods (general comment) – While the methodology is described, key elements are unclear: What types of questions were asked in the interviews? What kind of data was collected and analyzed?
• Line 194 – “its resistance to cold” – Yet you mention earlier that the cultivars used by the interviewees are not resistant. Please reconcile this contradiction.
• Line 202 – “where only 27.2%... is married” – And what about the rural population? Urban and rural data often differ significantly. Please compare with rural statistics if available.
• General comment – You mention using the snowball method to select interviewees, yet only 10 interviews were conducted. How many producers exist in the study area? What percentage does your sample represent? Could the snowball method introduce bias? These limitations must be acknowledged and discussed.
• General comment – The discussion section needs a full rewrite. Currently, the discussion is often a series of single-result sentences followed by a single reference that confirms the result. Please deepen the analysis and bring out the broader implications of your findings. The essence of your paper should be synthesized in the initial part of the discussion.
• Line 203 – Please remove the name of the interviewee. Anonymity is essential. Also, ensure ethical approval is provided, since the data involve traditional knowledge.
• Line 232 – “investing between 24 and 48 hours…” – Is this per family or per individual? In lines 233–234, you present only the time men spend on field activities, but for women, you include domestic labor. Please standardize the metric—either field work only or total workload for both genders.
• Lines 240–244 – Explain why young people are leaving the countryside.
• Line 246 – "Lower" than what? Please specify.
• Lines 250–252 – This sentence is unclear. Please rewrite.
• Lines 247–250 – The paragraph is confusing and lacks clarity. Please revise entirely.
• Lines 269–275 – Discuss ownership and investment in conservation with respect to your data.
• Lines 280–281 – Awkward sentence structure. Please revise.
• Line 204 – Figure 2 is in Spanish and should not include interviewee names. Use only general references to study areas.
• Lines 284–286 – The data do not support the conclusion drawn here. Please revisit your interpretation. Also, relocate the discussion of hours worked in the field to the earlier section on labor.
• Lines 303–306 – Are the 25% who use chemical fertilizers the same individuals who purchase them? Clarify.
• Line 322 – Association with what? This needs specification.
• Line 322 – Avoid starting a sentence with a numeral. Please rephrase.
• Line 325 – You mention that producers know which plants enhance corn growth. Please include this information and expand the discussion.
• Line 329 – Remove the italics from “are also associated.”
• Line 329 – How can these crops improve the health of the system? Please elaborate.
• Line 328 – Remove the single quotation mark from “serótina.”
• Lines 343–347 – Improve the coherence and logical connection between sentences. Expand the discussion.
• Lines 355–357 – Awkward construction. Please revise.
• Lines 360–361 – “92% of families… preserving soil quality” – Clarify the logical connection between these ideas and ensure better flow.
• Line 374 – “to adverse conditions” – In several places, you provide superficial statements. You must elaborate and connect ideas throughout the discussion.
• Lines 374–376 – The connection between the sentences is unclear. Please rewrite.
• Lines 383–389 – While the content is relevant, the paragraph lacks flow. Please restructure for clarity.
• Line 392 – You mention creole seeds. Which ones? How do you know they are creole? Was any testing done?
• Line 400 – A list of the varieties cited would strengthen your results.
• Lines 412–414 – Awkward phrasing. Please revise.
• Lines 418–420 – The link between “organic” and “recognition” is unclear. Please clarify.
• Lines 419–421 – The percentages sum to more than 100%. Please verify your data.
• Lines 426–428 – If 100% of the produce is for personal consumption, what does this imply? Should producers be encouraged to expand production?
• Line 444 – “Señorita” was mentioned, but does not appear in your list of cultivars. Please verify.
• Line 451 – “According to how?” This sentence lacks a clear reference or explanation.
• Lines 455–456 – Please expand: Why do farmers separate seeds? What does this tell us?
• Section 3.5 – Excellent section. The level of detail is appreciated. This approach should be adopted throughout the manuscript. However, this section lacks citations. Please add literature references to support your interpretations.
• Conclusion – Please revise. Restate your objectives and provide direct answers to them.

Comments on the Quality of English Language

Some sentences are awkward and lack proper flow. A thorough language revision is recommended to improve clarity and coherence throughout the manuscript.

Author Response

Reviewer 4

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

Dear authors,

I have read the entire manuscript and would like to highlight the great importance of studying traditional food sources, especially regarding their role in the conservation of sociocultural practices and genetic resources within integrated systems. To enhance the scientific quality of the manuscript and ensure its rigor, I recommend that the following issues be addressed with attention:

Answer

Thank you very much for your thoughtful review and for recognizing the significance of researching traditional food sources and their connection to the conservation of sociocultural practices and genetic resources within integrated systems. We appreciate your valuable recommendations and will address each of the issues you highlighted to improve the scientific quality and rigor of the manuscript. Your feedback is very helpful and will undoubtedly contribute to strengthening our work.

• Lines 36–37 – How is cultural transformation related to optimal conditions for cultivating the species? I understand your intention, but the sentence is awkward and must be rephrased for clarity.

Answer

We replaced it with: “since factors such as climate change, the standardization of diets, and especially cultural transformation have led to the progressive abandonment of ancestral knowledge and traditional agricultural practices, altering the social, economic, and ecological conditions necessary for the optimal cultivation of Oxalis tuberosa.”

• Line 54 – Oxalis tuberosa must be italicized. Also, please revise all species names: the first time a species is cited, include the author(s); in subsequent mentions, use only the species name (e.g., Oxalis or O. tuberosa).

Answer

Consultation was carried out using World Flora Online, and the full name with botanical authorship, “Oxalis tuberosa Molina”, was included only once in the abstract and in the main text. Throughout the rest of the document, only the binomial name (genus + species) “Oxalis tuberosa” is used.

• Lines 78–87 – The objective section needs rewriting; it is not clearly stated. Additionally, it would be appreciated if you could include explicit hypotheses.

Answer

We replaced it with the following text:

“The aim of the present study is to help close existing gaps in scientific and technical knowledge about Oxalis tuberosa, through an agroecological and biocultural characterization of the ecotypes present in the Montúfar canton, Carchi province. The study seeks to strengthen food security and the sustainability of Andean agricultural systems by promoting the conservation of agrobiodiversity and the recognition of the crop’s cultural value. In addition, the research aims to generate resources that allow for the appreciation of traditional knowledge, the exploration of the productive and commercial potential of the crop, and a contribution to local economic development, especially in the field of rural women producers.”

“In a global context marked by the homogenization of diets and the growing threat of climate change on agricultural systems, this research is presented as an initiative aimed at promoting the sustainability and resilience of Andean rural communities and their natural environments, contributing to the revaluation of their biocultural heritage, as well as to the scientific literature on Oxalis tuberosa in the region.”

• Lines 112–114 – Figure 1 is illegible: the colors are indistinguishable, and the map is in Spanish, not English. Please improve figure quality and font size.

Answer

I completely agree with your observation, and furthermore, it is repetitive with the second figure. For this reason, and to avoid confusion, we have removed it and proceeded to improve Figure 2 to better complement the information.

• Lines 118–120 – “In terms of soil and … sustainable practices” – What do you mean by stating that the area allows agriculture to adapt to certain parameters? This needs clarification.

Answer

Improved version of the paragraph:

Of the total territory, 97.96% corresponds to the rural sector (approximately 37,298 km²), while only 2.04% belongs to the urban sector (775 km²). These data reflect that land use is dominated by agricultural activities, traditional crops, and integrated forestry practices. Regarding its edaphic and altitudinal characteristics, Montúfar features fertile, well-drained soils and an altitudinal range between 2,500 and 3,200 meters above sea level, which favors the cultivation of Andean species such as potato, oca, and mashua. These conditions allow for the development of agriculture that adapts to local climatic rhythms, integrating subsistence crops with sustainable practices such as crop rotation, the use of organic fertilizers, and the conservation of vegetative cover.

• Section 2.2 – This section overlaps conceptually with Section 2.3. Please consider rewriting and merging both.

Answer

You are right in your observation. Therefore, sections 2.2 and 2.3 have been merged to create a continuous text.

• Line 137 – What do you mean by “in-depth interviews”? Please define this term or describe the method.

Answer

The concept of in-depth interviews is expanded from the perspective of the authors as follows:
“In-depth interviews were conducted, where open-ended questions were posed, obtaining reflective and detailed responses regarding the interviewees’ perceptions of reality, allowing for an understanding of the common aspects among APCP members from agroecological and biocultural perspectives.”

• Lines 135–143 – Were these three phases developed by you? Has this method been cited in previous literature? Please provide references if applicable.

Answer

The literature supporting the three phases of the research is cited in the following paragraph:
“This methodological design employed in this work is based on the general principles of qualitative research as proposed by Hernández Sampieri et al. (2014) and Taylor & Bogdan (2000), which present the foundations that promote a deep understanding of the phenomenon from the perspective of social actors.”

• Section 2.3 – Since the manuscript addresses traditional knowledge and practices, ethical approval must be mentioned, including the protocol number or responsible institution.

Answer

For the assessment of traditional practices, an interview guide was used, which was developed based on a farm evaluation form for farms in transition to agroecology, as used by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock of Ecuador. Therefore, the following text is incorporated:

“The interview guide was prepared using as a basis the agroecological evaluation instrument for farms in transition towards agroecology, employed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock of Ecuador within the framework of Smallholder Family Farming. To incorporate biocultural aspects, previous studies focused on the evaluation of these elements in Andean contexts were considered. Subsequently, the instrument was validated and enriched through regular meetings with experts in agroecology and bioculturality from the Politecnica Estatal del Carchi University, which allowed for the refinement of its structure and ensured its methodological and contextual relevance.”

 

• Lines 177–182 – This paragraph is repeated elsewhere. Please restructure to avoid redundancy.

Answer

The repetitive paragraph has been modified, and the new version is as follows:
“Through qualitative analysis, narratives emerged that demonstrate the relationship between agro-productive practices, traditional knowledge, and the adaptation strategies of APCP producers. These accounts offered a contextualized perspective on the role that Oxalis tuberosa plays in everyday life and in the construction of the productive identity of the communities.”

• Methods (general comment) – While the methodology is described, key elements are unclear: What types of questions were asked in the interviews? What kind of data was collected and analyzed?

Answer

The analysis has been deepened and the requested clarification has been provided.

• Line 194 – “its resistance to cold” – Yet you mention earlier that the cultivars used by the interviewees are not resistant. Please reconcile this contradiction.

Answer

It thrives in high Andean ecosystems because these environments meet its agronomic requirements, offering ideal edaphoclimatic conditions

• Line 202 – “where only 27.2%... is married” – And what about the rural population? Urban and rural data often differ significantly. Please compare with rural statistics if available.

Answer

A comparison was made between the national data, the data from this research, and those from the Montúfar canton:

Of the total number of producers, 75% are married, while 25% live in a common-law union, which reflects a higher prevalence of stable family units. This proportion contrasts with the general national average, where only 27.2% of the population is married (David & Hidalgo, 2021). It is worth noting that, in rural contexts such as Montúfar, legal marriages are usually less frequent than common-law unions, a phenomenon widely documented in studies on the rural Ecuadorian population (INEC, 2022), which highlights the importance of considering these particularities when interpreting the data.

• General comment – You mention using the snowball method to select interviewees, yet only 10 interviews were conducted. How many producers exist in the study area? What percentage does your sample represent? Could the snowball method introduce bias? These limitations must be acknowledged and discussed.

Answer

The use of the snowball sampling method has already been explored in greater depth, providing justification for its application in this research.

• General comment – The discussion section needs a full rewrite. Currently, the discussion is often a series of single-result sentences followed by a single reference that confirms the result. Please deepen the analysis and bring out the broader implications of your findings. The essence of your paper should be synthesized in the initial part of the discussion.

Answer

Adjustments and improvements have been made in the results and discussion section.

• Line 203 – Please remove the name of the interviewee. Anonymity is essential. Also, ensure ethical approval is provided, since the data involve traditional knowledge.

Answer

The names of the interviewed producers have been removed from the tables and the map.

• Line 232 – “investing between 24 and 48 hours…” – Is this per family or per individual? In lines 233–234, you present only the time men spend on field activities, but for women, you include domestic labor. Please standardize the metric—either field work only or total workload for both genders.

Answer

It has been clarified that the data related to women's work refers exclusively to agricultural activities and does not take into account domestic work.

• Lines 240–244 – Explain why young people are leaving the countryside.

Answer

This aspect is further explored in the following text: This phenomenon is driven by the lack of local opportunities for decent employment, the absence of access to higher education in rural areas of Carchi, and the social belief that agriculture does not offer a viable economic future.

• Line 246 – "Lower" than what? Please specify.

Answer

A rewrite has been carried out for the paragraph where the observation is made.

• Lines 250–252 – This sentence is unclear. Please rewrite.

Answer

This particularity can be interpreted as an advantage within the agroecological model, as it facilitates a balance between productive demands and the family and social dynamics of the rural environment.

• Lines 247–250 – The paragraph is confusing and lacks clarity. Please revise entirely.

Answer

The confusing paragraph has been rewritten to provide better structure and clarity.

• Lines 269–275 – Discuss ownership and investment in conservation with respect to your data.

Answer

The data obtained in the research are contrasted with an additional paragraph including data from other studies:

"According to Eche (2018b), in Ecuador, Family Agricultural Production Units vary significantly between different regions. For example, on the coast, the average area of a UPA is 75,000 m², whereas in the highlands it barely reaches 3,000 m². In an additional study, the same author notes that this average in the highlands is 3,200 m²."

• Lines 280–281 – Awkward sentence structure. Please revise.

Answer

The sentence has been better structured:

The proximity to protected areas, which mostly remain free from human intervention, facilitates the exchange of genetic resources and traditional knowledge, thereby strengthening the sustainability of nearby production systems. Moreover, these systems have not yet been affected by conventional agriculture, which reinforces their ecological potential. However, these benefits depend on the implementation of appropriate management practices that integrate the conservation of the natural environment with agricultural production.

• Line 204 – Figure 2 is in Spanish and should not include interviewee names. Use only general references to study areas.

Answer

The map has been improved: everything has been translated into English and the names of the producers have been removed to maintain anonymity.

• Lines 284–286 – The data do not support the conclusion drawn here. Please revisit your interpretation. Also, relocate the discussion of hours worked in the field to the earlier section on labor.

Answer

The interpretation error has been corrected; therefore, the paragraph containing these lines has been removed, and the information regarding the analysis of hours worked in the field from the previous section has been supplemented.

• Lines 303–306 – Are the 25% who use chemical fertilizers the same individuals who purchase them? Clarify.

Answer

The wording of the paragraph corresponding to lines 303–306 has been improved for better understanding:

“Bio-input production is almost entirely self-sufficient, meaning that they are produced within the SIPA systems. Only 12.5% of producers supplement the bio-inputs they produce with organic fertilizers purchased from commercial suppliers. This commitment to organic inputs results in lower dependence on chemical fertilizers. In fact, 25% of producers use commercial chemical fertilizers, adding approximately 5 kg every six months to crops such as potatoes. This group does not necessarily coincide with those who purchase organic fertilizers; in contrast, the remaining 75% rely exclusively on self-produced organic fertilizers.”

• Line 322 – Association with what? This needs specification.

Answer

A much deeper analysis has been carried out regarding the species associated within the SIPA.

• Line 322 – Avoid starting a sentence with a numeral. Please rephrase.

Answer

The wording has been improved, avoiding starting the sentence with a number.

• Line 325 – You mention that producers know which plants enhance corn growth. Please include this information and expand the discussion.

Answer

The wording in line 325 has been improved by identifying the main species recognized by producers for root development: “common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”.

• Line 329 – Remove the italics from “are also associated.”

Answer

Italics have been removed.

• Line 329 – How can these crops improve the health of the system? Please elaborate.

Answer

Line 329 has been expanded by adding the following: "This functional diversity reinforces the principles of agroecology by promoting positive interactions among crops, improving soil fertility, and contributing to the sustainability of the production system."

• Line 328 – Remove the single quotation mark from “serótina.”

Answer

The accent mark has been removed from the word "serótina."

• Lines 343–347 – Improve the coherence and logical connection between sentences. Expand the discusión.

Answer

The entire structure of the paragraph corresponding to lines 343–347 has been improved as follows:

"In terms of crop rotation, 100% of producers adhere to a common principle oriented toward the sustainability of SIPA. After cultivating Andean tubers such as potato (Solanum tuberosum) and oca (Oxalis tuberosa), they introduce legumes like pea (Pisum sativum) or broad bean (Vicia faba), and subsequently sow cereals such as quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) or barley (Hordeum vulgare). This sequence is not random, but rather follows an agroecological logic aimed at harnessing the beneficial properties of each crop. For instance, legumes contribute to biological nitrogen fixation, improving soil quality for other cultivated plants. In turn, cereals help reduce soil erosion processes; this integral strategy helps to maintain and even enhance soil fertility, optimize nutrient availability, and decrease the use of external inputs. Furthermore, according to Baptista et al. (2022), 92% of family units implement soil conservation practices through minimal tillage, a technique that minimizes soil disturbance, preserves its natural structure, and improves moisture retention. Together, these practices strengthen the resilience of the agricultural system and create a favorable environment for the development of the various productive phases."

• Lines 355–357 – Awkward construction. Please revise.

Answer

The paragraph containing lines 355–357 has been reconstructed as follows:
“The scarcity of rainfall during the initial phases of the planting cycle represents a critical factor that can significantly delay the vegetative development of crops, affecting their growth, vigor, and consequently reducing expected yields. This vulnerability is intensified by the increasing incidence of extreme climatic events, such as prolonged droughts and sudden floods, which not only reduce agricultural productivity, but also compromise food security, economic stability, and the social well-being of the most exposed rural communities.”

• Lines 360–361 – “92% of families… preserving soil quality” – Clarify the logical connection between these ideas and ensure better flow.

Answer

Family farming units implement minimal tillage practices, a technique that significantly contributes to preserving soil quality by reducing erosion and maintaining both its structure and fertility.

• Line 374 – “to adverse conditions” – In several places, you provide superficial statements. You must elaborate and connect ideas throughout the discussion.

Answer

as follows: “such as low temperatures, soils with low nutrient levels, and periods of scarce rainfall”

• Lines 374–376 – The connection between the sentences is unclear. Please rewrite.

Answer

Although Oxalis tuberosa displays natural resistance and is not particularly demanding in terms of management, 100% of producers agree that the proper application of agronomic practices is still beneficial for optimizing yield and maintaining crop health.

• Lines 383–389 – While the content is relevant, the paragraph lacks flow. Please restructure for clarity.

Answer

Integrated management has proven to be an effective strategy for the control of pests and diseases in crops, as it combines cultural, biological, and chemical practices in order to keep pathogen levels below harmful thresholds. Bist et al. (2024) indicate that proper management of plant health problems is key to achieving sustainability in family farming systems. In this context, the implementation of practices such as crop rotation and field sanitation is essential for the effective control of Oxalis tuberosa. Moreover, the importance of timely harvesting and planting mashua along the edges of the crop is emphasized as a preventive measure against the presence of insects and fungi.

• Line 392 – You mention creole seeds. Which ones? How do you know they are creole? Was any testing done?

Answer

The term “criollas” has been replaced with “traditional,” taking into account the technical definitions for types of seeds established by the Organic Law on Agrobiodiversity, Seeds, and Promotion of Agriculture, published by the National Assembly of Ecuador in 2027. The term “traditional” is used because, according to the law, a traditional seed “is any sexual or asexual plant reproductive material that retains its ability to reproduce and that, while not being native or endemic, has been adapted, conserved, cared for, used, cultivated, and exchanged by producers, communities, peoples, and nationalities.”

• Line 400 – A list of the varieties cited would strengthen your results.

Answer

The common and scientific names of the varieties found have been expanded.

• Lines 412–414 – Awkward phrasing. Please revise.

Answer

Furthermore, Halloy et al. (2005) point out that these models not only preserve cultural identity but also the traditions inherent to Andean agriculture. Additionally, Bellon et al. (2015) highlight their key role in seed conservation, as they integrate and value both local and commercial varieties.

• Lines 418–420 – The link between “organic” and “recognition” is unclear. Please clarify.

Answer

Oxalis tuberosa is cultivated organically, reinforcing its value within healthy and sustainable dietary practices, and contributes to its recognition as an essential component of the family diet.

• Lines 419–421 – The percentages sum to more than 100%. Please verify your data.

Answer

According to the producers, 80% cultivate Oxalis tuberosa primarily for their families’ consumption, while the remaining 20%, in addition to using it for family consumption, sell the surplus at the “Feria Solidaria de San Gabriel”—a well-known market in the Montúfar canton that promotes agroecological products.

• Lines 426–428 – If 100% of the produce is for personal consumption, what does this imply? Should producers be encouraged to expand production?

Answer

Alternative marketing circuits, such as fairs, are crucial for rural development as they foster awareness-based connections between producers and consumers. In fact, 20% of producers who sell their surplus in these spaces establish bonds with consumers and promote the economic sustainability of rural families (April-Lalonde et al., 2020). Promoting the expansion of production could increase sales opportunities without compromising family food security.

• Line 444 – “Señorita” was mentioned, but does not appear in your list of cultivars. Please verify.

Answer

The “Señorita” ecotype has been removed from the text, as its mention caused confusion. Although a 1997 study on the genetic materials of Oxalis tuberosa in the province of Carchi reported the presence of this ecotype, current interviews confirmed that it is no longer cultivated.

• Line 451 – “According to how?” This sentence lacks a clear reference or explanation.

Answer

According to Oxalis tuberosa producers, it is fundamental for the subsistence of Andean farmers, not only because of its nutritional value and adaptation to adverse agroecological conditions, but also for its role in the food security of rural families. Despite its low commercial demand, its cultivation persists as a strategy for self-sufficiency and cultural resilience in the high Andean regions.

• Lines 455–456 – Please expand: Why do farmers separate seeds? What does this tell us?

Answer

The selection is based not only on technical criteria, but also on traditional knowledge passed down from generation to generation. Separating farmer seeds helps prevent phytosanitary problems in the crop, improve productivity, and preserve the desired characteristics of local varieties. In addition, this process reflects a practice deeply rooted in peasant knowledge and in the capacity to adapt to changing conditions.

• Section 3.5 – Excellent section. The level of detail is appreciated. This approach should be adopted throughout the manuscript. However, this section lacks citations. Please add literature references to support your interpretations.

Answer

The citations have been incorporated in section 3.5.

• Conclusion – Please revise. Restate your objectives and provide direct answers to them.

Answer

The conclusion was revised and strengthened based on the objectives of the study, with the aim of achieving greater depth in the analysis and robustness in the discussion criteria.

 

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

Thanks for adopting our revision suggestions. It is recommended to modify the format according to the editor's suggestions.

Author Response

Response to Reviewer

Dear Reviewer,

We sincerely thank you for your time and thoughtful evaluation of our manuscript. We are pleased to know that you found the English language use appropriate and the arguments, discussion, and results clear and coherent.

In line with your recommendation, we have carefully revised the manuscript to fully adapt the format as per the editor’s suggestions. All required changes regarding formatting have been incorporated to ensure compliance with the journal’s guidelines.

Thank you once again for your constructive feedback and your contribution to the improvement of our work.

Reviewer 2 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

The author has made extensive revisions to the article and has basically achieved publication, but there are still some formatting errors, such as citation errors in lines 735, 823 and 825, as well as obvious formatting errors. At the same time, attention should be paid to the expression of some sentences. Please ask the author to carefully correct errors in sentences, formatting, etc., and verify the citation of references.

Author Response

Response to Reviewer

Dear Reviewer,

Thank you very much for your careful review and thoughtful comments regarding our manuscript. We appreciate your positive evaluation of the extensive revisions already made.

In response to your suggestions:

1. Citation Errors:
   We have carefully reviewed and corrected the citation errors identified in lines 735, 823, and 825. All references have been checked and verified for accuracy and consistency throughout the manuscript.

2. Formatting Errors:
   We have thoroughly revised the manuscript to address and correct all formatting issues, ensuring that the document now fully complies with the journal’s guidelines.

3. Sentence Expression:
   We have carefully re-read the manuscript and improved the clarity and accuracy of several sentences, especially in the sections you indicated. Special attention has been given to language expression and readability.

We sincerely thank you for your valuable feedback, which has helped us to further improve the quality of our work.

Reviewer 4 Report

Comments and Suggestions for Authors

I have no additional major comments. The manuscript has been appropriately revised according to my previous suggestions, and I appreciate the careful attention given to the review.

Just a minor detail: please review the formatting of the scientific name Oxalis tuberosa in lines 893, 907, and in Figure 1. The name is not italicized and lacks the author citation. If the correct form is Oxalis tuberosa Molina, please ensure consistency throughout the manuscript.

Author Response

Response to Reviewer

Dear Reviewer,

Thank you very much for your positive assessment and for acknowledging our efforts in revising the manuscript according to your previous suggestions.

Regarding your minor comment, we appreciate your attention to detail. We have carefully reviewed the formatting of the scientific name Oxalis tuberosa throughout the manuscript, specifically on lines 893, 907, and in Figure 1, as indicated. The name is now italicized and consistently presented as Oxalis tuberosa Molina across the entire document, following scientific conventions.

Thank you once again for your valuable feedback, which has contributed to further improving the quality and consistency of our work.