A Comprehensive Review of the Invasive Species Phytolacca acinosa Roxb

Phytolacca acinosa is a species native to Asia with significant ecological, economic, and medicinal importance. This study investigates its taxonomic and biological particularities, ecological adaptability, and applications in different fields. The problem addressed is the dual nature of P. acinosa, which is both a valuable plant resource and also has a negative impact on natural ecosystems. The methodology was based on a review of the scientific literature containing information on P. acinosa in order to evaluate its therapeutic properties, phytoremediation capacity, and impact on biodiversity. The results showed that P. acinosa represents a hyperaccumulator of heavy metals, offering significant potential for soil and water decontamination. Also, its bioactive compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antioxidant properties, supporting its uses in traditional medicine. However, its role as an intermediate host for plant pests and pathogens and its invasive potential in areas outside its native range highlight its ecological risks. The main conclusion emphasizes the need for sustainable management strategies to harness the benefits of this species while minimizing its invasive capacity and highlighting its potential in biotechnological and environmental applications.