Intentions to Create Green Start-Ups for Collection of Unwanted Drugs: An Empirical Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Research Hypotheses
2.1. Green Start-Up Projects to Collect Unwanted Drugs
2.2. The TPB in the Context of Green Start-Ups
2.3. Developing Research Hypotheses
2.3.1. Attitudes
2.3.2. Subjective Norms
2.3.3. Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC)
2.3.4. Start-Up Self-Efficacy
2.3.5. Drug Waste Collection-Related Knowledge
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Participants and Procedure
3.2. Instrument Development
3.3. Analysis Strategy
4. Results
4.1. Respondents’ Characteristics
4.2. Descriptive Data Analysis
4.3. Hypotheses Testing
5. Discussion, Practical Implications, and Limitations
5.1. Discussion
5.2. Practical Implications
5.3. Strengths and Limitations of Study
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Constructs and Item | Source |
---|---|
Attitude (ATT) | |
ATT1—I think creating a start-up to collect unwanted drugs is good ethical behavior | [5,88] |
ATT2—I believe creating a start-up to collect unwanted drugs is wise and rational behavior | |
ATT3—I think creating an unwanted-drug collection start-up is favourable behavior | |
ATT4—I think creating an unwanted-drug collection start-up can help protect our environment | |
Subjective Norm (SN) | |
SN1—If I decided to start a start-up to collect unwanted drugs, my close family would encourage me | [46,88,89] |
SN2—My colleagues will support my creation of a start-up to collect unwanted drugs | |
SN3—My friends will approve my decision to create a start-up to collect unwanted drugs | |
Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) | |
PBC1—For me, it would be easy to create a green start-up to collect unwanted drugs | [46,88,89] |
PBC2—Creating a green start-up to collect unwanted drugs is under my control | |
PBC3—I have enough resources to create a green start-up to collect unwanted drugs | |
Start-Up Self-Efficacy (SSE) | |
SSE1—I have complete confidence in my ability to create a start-up to collect unwanted drugs | [34,35] |
SSE2—I have confidence in my ability to meet the challenges that can hold me back while creating and managing an unwanted drug collection project | |
SSE3—I believe I can create a start-up to collect unwanted drugs | |
Drugs Waste Collection-related Knowledge (DWCK) | |
DWCK1—I know how to collect waste drugs properly | [49] |
DWCK2—I have good knowledge about how to sort unwanted drugs | |
DWCK3—I know how to dispose of unwanted drugs safely | |
Intentions (IN) | |
IN1—I will do my best to create a start-up to collect unwanted drugs in the future | [34,58] |
IN2—I plan to create a start-up to collect unwanted drugs in the future | |
IN3—I am willing to create a start-up to collect unwanted drugs in the future |
Variables | Items | Frequency | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 176 | 53.66 |
Female | 152 | 46.34 | |
Age (years) | 18–21 | 73 | 22.26 |
22–25 | 96 | 29.27 | |
26–30 | 75 | 22.86 | |
31–35 | 51 | 15.55 | |
>35 | 33 | 10.06 | |
Education level | Bachelor student | 126 | 38.42 |
Master student | 148 | 45.12 | |
Doctoral student | 54 | 16.46 | |
Specializations | Business Management | 71 | 21.65 |
Marketing and Commerce | 64 | 19.51 | |
Pharmacy | 49 | 14.94 | |
Medicine and Nursing | 56 | 17.07 | |
Biology | 35 | 10.67 | |
Other | 53 | 16.16 | |
Monthly household income (DZD) | <40,000 | 75 | 22.87 |
40,000–60,000 | 122 | 37.19 | |
60,001–80,000 | 68 | 20.73 | |
>80,000 | 53 | 16.16 | |
Missing | 10 | 03.05 |
Constructs | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Attitudes | - | |||||
2. Subjective norms | 0.540 ** | - | ||||
3. PBC | 0.596 ** | 0.651 ** | - | |||
4. SSE | 0.804 ** | 0.557 ** | 0.641 ** | - | ||
5. DWCK | 0.586 ** | 0.540 ** | 0.496 ** | 0.616 ** | - | |
6. Intention | 0.671 ** | 0.591 ** | 0.652 ** | 0.693 ** | 0.611 ** | - |
Mean | 3.80 | 3.54 | 3.65 | 3.78 | 2.45 | 4.05 |
SD | 0.62 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.75 | 0.73 | 0.61 |
Cronbach’s Alphas | 0.828 | 0.941 | 0.910 | 0.855 | 0.931 | 0.802 |
Skewness | −0.941 | −1.015 | −1.223 | −1.351 | −0.363 | −0.966 |
Kurtosis | 1.406 | 1.200 | 1.803 | 2.236 | −0.284 | 1.319 |
Models | B | t | Sig | Tolerance | VIF | F | R2 (Adjusted R2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | (constant) | 1.231 | 8.652 | 0.000 | 141.449 (p < 0.001) | 0.567 (0.563) | ||
ATT | 0.385 | 8.372 | 0.000 | 0.605 | 1.653 | |||
SNs | 0.140 | 3.726 | 0.000 | 0.541 | 1.849 | |||
PBC | 0.236 | 5.700 | 0.000 | 0.492 | 2.033 | |||
Model 2 | (constant) | 1.262 | 9.081 | 0.000 | 115.980 (p < 0.001) | 0.590 (0.584) | ||
ATT | 0.217 | 3.621 | 0.000 | 0.338 | 2.960 | |||
SNs | 0.125 | 3.386 | 0.001 | 0.535 | 1.868 | |||
PBC | 0.190 | 4.560 | 0.000 | 0.459 | 2.178 | |||
SSE | 0.218 | 4.207 | 0.000 | 0.310 | 3.223 | |||
Model 3 | (constant) | 1.329 | 9.732 | 0.000 | 100.813 (p < 0.001) | 0.610 (0.604) | ||
ATT | 0.182 | 3.081 | 0.002 | 0.331 | 3.022 | |||
SNs | 0.088 | 2.375 | 0.018 | 0.504 | 1.982 | |||
PBC | 0.187 | 4.594 | 0.000 | 0.459 | 2.179 | |||
SSE | 0.169 | 3.246 | 0.001 | 0.294 | 3.403 | |||
DWCK | 0.161 | 4.131 | 0.000 | 0.552 | 1.812 |
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Njoku, A.; Mouloudj, K.; Bouarar, A.C.; Evans, M.A.; Asanza, D.M.; Mouloudj, S.; Bouarar, A. Intentions to Create Green Start-Ups for Collection of Unwanted Drugs: An Empirical Study. Sustainability 2024, 16, 2797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072797
Njoku A, Mouloudj K, Bouarar AC, Evans MA, Asanza DM, Mouloudj S, Bouarar A. Intentions to Create Green Start-Ups for Collection of Unwanted Drugs: An Empirical Study. Sustainability. 2024; 16(7):2797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072797
Chicago/Turabian StyleNjoku, Anuli, Kamel Mouloudj, Ahmed Chemseddine Bouarar, Marian A. Evans, Dachel Martínez Asanza, Smail Mouloudj, and Achouak Bouarar. 2024. "Intentions to Create Green Start-Ups for Collection of Unwanted Drugs: An Empirical Study" Sustainability 16, no. 7: 2797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072797
APA StyleNjoku, A., Mouloudj, K., Bouarar, A. C., Evans, M. A., Asanza, D. M., Mouloudj, S., & Bouarar, A. (2024). Intentions to Create Green Start-Ups for Collection of Unwanted Drugs: An Empirical Study. Sustainability, 16(7), 2797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072797