Does Quality Certification or Product Diversification Improve the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Data and Empirical Models
3.1. Data and Variables
3.2. Empirical Model
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Certification and Diversification Adoption
4.2. The Impact of Certification and Diversification on Productivity
5. Conclusions, Policy Options, and Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Variable Label | Variable Definition and Measurement |
---|---|
AP (lnAP) | Asset productivity measured by total sales divided by total asset value. |
Lk (lnLk) | Total working hours divided by total asset value measured in million VND. |
Mk (lnMk) | Total immediate, indirect, and material costs divided by total asset value. |
cert | Equals 1 if the firm has both nationally and internationally recognized quality certification, and 0 otherwise. |
cert_percent | The percentage of certified firms in the district. |
diver | Equals 1 if the firm has more than one different goods/services (different 4-digit VSIC), and 0 otherwise. |
diver_percent | The percentage of diversified firms in the district. |
FB_sector | Equals 1 if the firm is a food and beverage producer, and 0 otherwise. |
mar_power | Measured in the number of times that the firm changed the output price of the main product. |
business_type | Equals 1 for a household business, and 0 otherwise. |
network | Number of business contacts within the same sector. |
computer | Equals 1 if the firm uses at least one computer, and 0 otherwise. |
firm_age | Measured in years of establishment until the surveyed time. |
gender | Gender of the respondent: equals 1 for male, and 0 otherwise. |
Y2011 | Y2013 | Y2015 | All Three Years | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Mean | Mean | Mean | SD | Min | Max | |
AP | 1.631 | 1.653 | 2.291 | 1.865 | 10.124 | 0.000 | 693.730 |
Lk | 0.022 | 0.022 | 0.023 | 0.022 | 0.058 | 0.000 | 3.600 |
Mk | 1.194 | 1.140 | 1.668 | 1.339 | 9.473 | 0.001 | 674.811 |
cert | 0.087 | 0.091 | 0.150 | 0.110 | 0.313 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
diver | 0.114 | 0.112 | 0.118 | 0.115 | 0.318 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
cert_percent | 8.678 | 9.182 | 14.972 | 11.006 | 10.380 | 0.000 | 100.000 |
diver_percent | 11.404 | 11.227 | 11.663 | 11.434 | 8.589 | 0.000 | 100.000 |
FB_sector | 0.299 | 0.307 | 0.318 | 0.308 | 0.462 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
mar_power | 0.850 | 0.574 | 0.402 | 0.605 | 0.489 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
business_type | 0.637 | 0.626 | 0.623 | 0.628 | 0.483 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
network | 32.923 | 32.801 | 32.952 | 32.893 | 51.055 | 6.000 | 1387.000 |
computer | 0.412 | 0.413 | 0.481 | 0.436 | 0.496 | 0.000 | 1.000 |
firm_age | 13.419 | 15.605 | 16.492 | 15.199 | 9.973 | 2.000 | 76.000 |
No. of Obs. | 2428 | 2481 | 2565 | 7474 |
Dependent Variable: | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cert | Diver | |||
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
cert_percent | 0.009 *** | 0.008 *** | ||
(0.0004) | (0.0003) | |||
diver_percent | 0.009 *** | 0.010 *** | ||
(0.0005) | (0.0004) | |||
FB_sector | 0.110 *** | 0.110 *** | −0.045 *** | −0.043 *** |
(0.009) | (0.008) | (0.009) | (0.009) | |
mar_power | −0.004 | −0.004 | 0.002 | 0.003 |
(0.006) | (0.006) | (0.007) | (0.007) | |
business_type | −0.122 *** | −0.118 *** | −0.052 *** | −0.044 *** |
(0.010) | (0.010) | (0.011) | (0.011) | |
network | 0.00003 | 0.00001 | 0.00002 | 0.00000 |
(0.0001) | (0.0001) | (0.0001) | (0.0001) | |
computer | 0.070 *** | 0.062 *** | 0.041 *** | 0.032 *** |
(0.010) | (0.009) | (0.010) | (0.010) | |
firm_age | 0.002 *** | 0.002 *** | 0.0001 | 0.0003 |
(0.0004) | (0.0004) | (0.0004) | (0.0004) | |
prov_control | ||||
Constant | −0.017 | 0.007 | 0.012 | 0.022 |
(0.017) | (0.013) | (0.019) | (0.014) | |
Observations | 7695 | 7695 | 7695 | 7695 |
R2 | 0.161 | 0.159 | 0.084 | 0.081 |
Adjusted R2 | 0.160 | 0.158 | 0.082 | 0.080 |
F Statistic | 1473.231 *** | 1446.662 *** | 686.632 *** | 661.681 *** |
Coef. | Robust Std. | Coef. | Robust Std. | Coef. | Robust Std. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | 1.268 | 0.027 *** | 1.241 | 0.027 *** | 1.273 | 0.027 *** |
lnLk | 0.193 | 0.006 *** | 0.194 | 0.006 *** | 0.189 | 0.006 *** |
lnMk | 0.767 | 0.007 *** | 0.765 | 0.007 *** | 0.772 | 0.007 *** |
cert | 0.255 | 0.043 *** | 0.273 | 0.042 *** | ||
diver | −0.196 | 0.032 *** | −0.176 | 0.031 *** | ||
FB_sector | −0.091 | 0.008 *** | −0.084 | 0.007 *** | −0.061 | 0.006 *** |
mar_power | −0.044 | 0.006 *** | −0.045 | 0.006 *** | −0.049 | 0.006 *** |
business_type | −0.043 | 0.010 *** | −0.030 | 0.010 *** | −0.075 | 0.009 *** |
network | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 * |
computer | 0.048 | 0.009 *** | 0.045 | 0.009 *** | 0.070 | 0.008 *** |
firm_age | −0.001 | 0.000 *** | −0.001 | 0.000 *** | −0.001 | 0.000 *** |
realph_asset | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 * |
Observation | 7602 | 7602 | 7602 | |||
R-squared | 0.955 | 0.957 | 0.954 | |||
Adjusted R-squared | 0.955 | 0.957 | 0.954 |
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Le, D.-N.; Nguyen, V.-H. Does Quality Certification or Product Diversification Improve the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises? Sustainability 2024, 16, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16052023
Le D-N, Nguyen V-H. Does Quality Certification or Product Diversification Improve the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises? Sustainability. 2024; 16(5):2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16052023
Chicago/Turabian StyleLe, Duc-Niem, and Van-Hoa Nguyen. 2024. "Does Quality Certification or Product Diversification Improve the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises?" Sustainability 16, no. 5: 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16052023
APA StyleLe, D.-N., & Nguyen, V.-H. (2024). Does Quality Certification or Product Diversification Improve the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises? Sustainability, 16(5), 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16052023