Design of a Misalignment-Tolerant Inductor–Capacitor–Capacitor-Compensated Wireless Charger for Roadway-Powered Electric Vehicles

Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) systems enable electric vehicles (EVs) to receive energy on the move, without stopping at charging stations. Nonetheless, the energy efficiency of DWC systems is affected by the inherent misalignments of the mobile EVs, causing fluctuations in the amount of energy transmitted to the EVs. In this work, a multi-coil secondary-side inductive link (IL) design is proposed with independent double-D (DD) and quadrature coils to reduce the effect of coupling fluctuations on the power received during misalignments. Dual-sided inductor–capacitor–capacitor (LCC) compensation networks are utilized with power and current control circuits to provide a load-independent, constant current output at different misalignment conditions. The LCC compensation components are tuned to maximize the power transferred at the minimum acceptable coupling point, $k_{min}$. This compensates for the leaked energy during misalignments and minimizes variations in the operating frequency during zero-phase angle (ZPA) operation. Simulations reveal an almost constant output power for different lateral misalignment (LTMA) values up to $\pm 200$ mm for a 25 kW system, with a power transfer efficiency of $90\%$. A close correlation between simulation and experimental results is observed.