Population Growth Parameters of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) on Various Legume Seeds Reveal Potential Tolerance Traits
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Seeds
2.2. Insect Rearing
2.3. Experiments
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Development of Immature Stages, Adult Longevity, and Lifespan
3.2. Survival Rate
3.3. Oviposition Period and Fecundity
3.4. Population Growth Parameters
3.5. Cluster Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Host (Cultivars) | Incubation Period (Days) | Larval Period (Days) | Pre-Pupal Period (Days) | Pupal Period (Days) | Development Time (Days) | Longevity (Days) | Whole Lifespan (Days) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Male | Female | ||||||
Broad bean (Barekat) | 3.46 ± 0.02b | 20.32 ± 0.26b | 3.43 ± 0.10a | 15.97 ± 0.15ab | 43.13 ±0.27c | 17.72 ±0.31de | 19.83 ± 0.40bcd | 61.00 ± 0.54bcd | 62.64 ± 0.55ab |
Broad bean (Mahta) | 3.68 ± 0.03a | 21.5 ± 0.22a | 3.33 ± 0.08a | 16.48 ± 0.13a | 44.82 ± 0.24a | 16.93 ± 0.49ef | 18.11 ± 0.36d | 62.20 ± 0.64abc | 62.11 ± 0.57ab |
Broad bean (Saraziri) | 3.18 ± 0.03c | 20.53 ± 0.22b | 3.49 ± 0.10a | 16.12 ± 0.12ab | 43.13 ± 0.23c | 19.05 ± 0.39cd | 18.73 ± 0.28cd | 62.25 ± 0.59abc | 61.73 ± 0.58abc |
Broad bean (Feyz) | 3.14 ± 0.03c | 20.92 ± 0.25ab | 3.24 ± 0.07a | 16.18 ± 0.13ab | 43.44 ± 0.29bc | 20.80 ± 0.38abc | 19.28 ± 0.37bcd | 64.17 ± 0.59a | 62.78 ± 0.48ab |
Broad bean (Shadan) | 3.23 ± 0.03c | 21.08 ± 0.24ab | 3.41 ± 0.09a | 15.6 ± 0.17bc | 43.31 ± 0.28c | 19.73 ± 0.56bcd | 21.00 ± 0.50b | 63.10 ± 0.85ab | 64.28 ± 0.55a |
White kidney bean (Dehghan) | 2.76 ± 0.03e | 16.16 ± 0.15e | 2.5 ± 0.07b | 14.31 ± 0.13e | 35.76 ± 0.21f | 20.75 ± 0.46abc | 23.32 ± 0.52a | 56.60 ± 0.56e | 59.00 ± 0.63cd |
Common bean (Khomein) | 3.26 ± 0.03c | 21.61 ± 0.22a | 3.57 ± 0.09a | 16.18 ± 0.15ab | 44.62 ± 0.27ab | 15.63 ± 0.33f | 16.00 ± 0.32e | 60.66 ± 0.35bcd | 60.76 ± 0.48bcd |
Red kidney bean (Goli) | 2.86 ± 0.03de | 18.6 ± 0.25c | 2.41 ± 0.08b | 15.11 ± 0.13cd | 38.89 ± 0.34d | 20.00 ± 0.48bc | 19.45 ± 0.33bcd | 58.72 ± 0.62de | 58.35 ± 0.79d |
Cowpea (Arabi) | 2.78 ± 0.04de | 17.04 ± 0.12de | 2.48 ± 0.08b | 14.66 ± 0.15de | 36.94 ± 0.21ef | 21.29 ± 0.55ab | 23.60 ± 0.51a | 58.65 ± 0.67de | 60.30 ± 0.60bcd |
Cowpea (Mashhad) | 2.9 ± 0.03d | 17.75 ± 0.18cd | 2.47 ± 0.08b | 14.38 ± 0.13e | 37.38 ± 0.29e | 22.30 ± 0.53a | 20.64 ± 0.40bc | 59.50 ± 0.76cd | 58.18 ± 0.56d |
Host (Cultivars) | APOP (Days) | TPOP (Days) | Oviposition Period (Days) | Fecundity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daily | Total | ||||
Broad bean (Barekat) | 3.27 ± 0.153bc | 46 ± 0.455b | 13.13 ± 0.35a | 72.14 ± 2.21de | 942.27 ± 37.18cd |
Broad bean (Mahta) | 4.6 ± 0.363a | 49.1 ± 0.47a | 10.27 ± 0.581b | 60.41 ± 3efg | 598.33 ± 24.66e |
Broad bean (Saraziri) | 3.87 ± 0.133ab | 47.27 ± 0.447ab | 11.6 ± 0.434ab | 75.93 ± 2.92cd | 871.4 ± 30.91d |
Broad bean (Feyz) | 3.8 ± 0.107b | 47.53 ± 0.343ab | 11.73 ± 0.384ab | 55.86 ± 2.48fg | 645.8 ± 21.07e |
Broad bean (Shadan) | 3.2 ± 0.107bc | 46.17 ± 0.416b | 12.8 ± 0.2a | 87.62 ± 2.09bc | 1118.13 ± 22.1b |
White kidney bean (Dehghan) | 2.6 ± 0.131cd | 37.6 ± 0.277d | 13 ± 0.365a | 99.57 ± 4.04ab | 1292.33 ± 49.44a |
Common bean (Khomein) | 2.87 ± 0.133cd | 47.1 ± 0.493ab | 11.93 ± 0.358ab | 48.86 ± 1.59g | 584.73 ± 23.28e |
Red kidney bean (Goli) | 2.6 ± 0.19cd | 41.6 ± 0.77c | 11.67 ± 0.41ab | 105.94 ± 4.93a | 1230.2 ± 62.25ab |
Cowpea (Arabi) | 2.67 ± 0.126cd | 39.23 ± 0.358d | 13.13 ± 0.363a | 82.62 ± 2.86cd | 1075.33 ± 25.34bc |
Cowpea (Mashhad) | 2.4 ± 0.131d | 39.53 ± 0.386cd | 12.4 ± 0.567a | 68.75 ± 3.72def | 826.8 ± 26.27d |
Host (Cultivars) | R0 | r (day−1) | T (day) | DT (day) | Λ (day−1) | GRR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Broad bean (Barekat) | 72.378 ± 8.097g | 0.080 ± 0.001e | 53.799 ± 0.097d | 8.709 ± 0.023c | 1.080 ± 0.001d | 236.451 ± 22.442g |
Broad bean (Mahta) | 41.976 ± 4.542h | 0.066 ± 0.001g | 56.419 ± 0.102a | 10.465 ± 0.053a | 1.070 ± 0.001e | 206.376 ± 17.279h |
Broad bean (Saraziri) | 81.396 ± 8.208f | 0.080 ± 0.001e | 54.673 ± 0.012b | 8.615 ± 0.005d | 1.080 ± 0.001d | 240.001 ± 19.622g |
Broad bean (Feyz) | 73.931 ± 5.172g | 0.079 ± 0.001e | 54.462 ± 0.011c | 8.772 ± 0.005c | 1.080 ± 0.001d | 276.089 ± 36.641f |
Broad bean (Shadan) | 90.485 ± 10.128e | 0.082 ± 0.001d | 54.859 ± 0.005b | 8.44 ± 0.002e | 1.090 ± 0.001c | 374.002 ± 35.528d |
White kidney bean (Dehghan) | 310.326 ± 27.847a | 0.124 ± 0.001a | 46.232 ± 0.009h | 5.585 ± 0.003h | 1.130 ± 0.001a | 620.652 ± 28.693a |
Common bean (Khomein) | 26.159 ± 3.073i | 0.069 ± 0.001f | 47.577 ± 0.006f | 10.103 ± 0.008b | 1.070 ± 0.001e | 155.412 ± 11.439i |
Red kidney bean (Goli) | 178.32 ± 16.645c | 0.106 ± 0.001b | 48.955 ± 0.006e | 6.547 ± 0.005g | 1.110 ± 0.001b | 570.625 ± 31.062b |
Cowpea (Arabi) | 291.999 ± 31.491b | 0.123 ± 0.001a | 46.337 ± 0.011h | 5.658 ± 0.002h | 1.130 ± 0.001a | 545.066 ± 35.917c |
Cowpea (Mashhad) | 138.094 ± 12.296d | 0.104 ± 0.001c | 47.37 ± 0.013g | 6.664 ± 0.003f | 1.110 ± 0.001b | 350.959 ± 29.722e |
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Jafari, H.; Habibpour, B.; Hemmati, S.A.; Stelinski, L.L. Population Growth Parameters of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) on Various Legume Seeds Reveal Potential Tolerance Traits. Sustainability 2023, 15, 7502. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097502
Jafari H, Habibpour B, Hemmati SA, Stelinski LL. Population Growth Parameters of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) on Various Legume Seeds Reveal Potential Tolerance Traits. Sustainability. 2023; 15(9):7502. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097502
Chicago/Turabian StyleJafari, Hasan, Behzad Habibpour, Seyed Ali Hemmati, and Lukasz L. Stelinski. 2023. "Population Growth Parameters of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) on Various Legume Seeds Reveal Potential Tolerance Traits" Sustainability 15, no. 9: 7502. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097502
APA StyleJafari, H., Habibpour, B., Hemmati, S. A., & Stelinski, L. L. (2023). Population Growth Parameters of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) on Various Legume Seeds Reveal Potential Tolerance Traits. Sustainability, 15(9), 7502. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097502