Academia-Industry Linkages for Sustainable Innovation in Agriculture Higher Education in India
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Conceptual Framework
2.2. Sampling Plan and Data Collection
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Perception of Needs and Outcomes from Academia–Industry Linkages
3.2. Means of Improving Higher Education through Linkages for Sustainable Agricultural Higher Education
3.3. Areas Requiring Linkages between Academia and Industry
3.4. Areas Requiring Linkages among Academic Institutions
3.5. Present Status of Linkages
4. Discussion
4.1. Academia–Industry Linkages for Mutual Benefit
4.2. Areas Requiring Academia–Industry Linkages
4.3. Academia–Industry Linkages for Higher Education
4.4. Vision of NEP 2020 to Strengthen Higher Education
4.5. The Way Forward for Academia–Industry Linkages in India for Sustainable Agriculture Higher Education and Innovation
4.6. Institutionalization in Sustainable Education: Challenges and Opportunities
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Male | Female | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Academia | 140 | 28 | 168 |
Industry | 31 | 00 | 31 |
Total | 171 | 28 | 199 |
Statements | Average Score | Median Test # (p) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
A.U. (n = 151) | Ind. (n = 17) | Overall (n = 168) | ||
| 4.44 | 4.60 | 4.46 | <0.01 |
| 4.24 | 4.05 | 4.22 | 0.95 |
| 4.06 | 4.28 | 4.09 | 0.50 |
| 4.09 | 4.22 | 4.10 | 0.98 |
| 4.25 | 3.79 | 4.20 | 0.07 |
| 4.20 | 4.37 | 4.22 | 0.82 |
| 3.83 | 3.84 | 3.83 | 0.97 |
Variables | Mean Score | Loadings | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Factor 1 | Factor 2 | |||
V1 | Training and Internships | 4.40 | 0.59 | 0.02 |
V2 | Industrial Parks | 3.89 | 0.54 | 0.05 |
V3 | Entrepreneurship Development | 4.43 | 0.57 | 0.09 |
V4 | Technology Commercialization | 4.38 | 0.69 | −0.04 |
V5 | Networking | 4.47 | 0.46 | 0.30 |
V6 | Consultancy in Services (Product Testing, Certification, etc.) | 4.30 | 0.69 | −0.01 |
V7 | Sharing Hi-Tech Lab Facilities | 4.63 | 0.77 | −0.06 |
V8 | Soft Skills and Career Development for Students | 4.46 | 0.65 | 0.06 |
V9 | Inclusion in Board of Directors | 3.72 | −0.11 | 0.81 |
V10 | Knowledge Management | 4.30 | 0.02 | 0.74 |
V11 | Databases for Information | 3.99 | 0.25 | 0.49 |
V12 | Mutual Trust | 4.15 | 0.19 | 0.53 |
V13 | Curriculum Design | 4.07 | 0.09 | 0.53 |
V14 | Human Resource Development | 4.41 | 0.35 | 0.39 |
Variance proportion explained | 39% | 21% | ||
Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α value) (n = 199) | 0.86 | 0.83 |
Variables | Mean Score | Loadings | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Factor 1 | Factor 2 | |||
V1 | Consultancy and Contract Research | 4.17 | 0.64 | 0.14 |
V2 | Training and Development of Staff | 4.39 | 0.62 | 0.10 |
V3 | Student Internships | 4.34 | 0.45 | 0.26 |
V4 | Technology Incubation Centers | 4.45 | 0.88 | −0.07 |
V5 | Networking | 4.25 | 0.66 | 0.16 |
V6 | Joint Courses | 3.96 | 0.61 | 0.19 |
V7 | Consultancy for Higher Education | 4.17 | 0.74 | 0.04 |
V8 | Student Exchange Program | 4.44 | 0.80 | 0.05 |
V9 | Sharing of Infrastructural Services | 4.34 | 0.59 | 0.19 |
V10 | Quality Improvement Programs | 4.36 | 0.95 | −0.15 |
V11 | Joint Patents | 4.13 | 0.10 | 0.78 |
V12 | Joint Publications | 4.22 | −0.05 | 0.99 |
V13 | Joint Projects | 4.33 | 0.09 | 0.73 |
V14 | Research Resource Support | 4.61 | 0.33 | 0.52 |
V15 | Research Guidance | 4.30 | 0.42 | 0.39 |
Variance proportion explained | 34% | 23% | ||
Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α value) (n = 199) | 0.94 | 0.91 |
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Soam, S.K.; Subbanna, Y.B.; Rathore, S.; Sumanth Kumar, V.V.; Kumar, S.; Vinayagam, S.S.; Rakesh, S.; Balasani, R.; Raju, D.T.; Kumar, A.; et al. Academia-Industry Linkages for Sustainable Innovation in Agriculture Higher Education in India. Sustainability 2023, 15, 16450. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316450
Soam SK, Subbanna YB, Rathore S, Sumanth Kumar VV, Kumar S, Vinayagam SS, Rakesh S, Balasani R, Raju DT, Kumar A, et al. Academia-Industry Linkages for Sustainable Innovation in Agriculture Higher Education in India. Sustainability. 2023; 15(23):16450. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316450
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoam, Sudhir Kumar, Yashavanth Basavapatna Subbanna, Surya Rathore, V. Venkata Sumanth Kumar, Sanjiv Kumar, S. Senthil Vinayagam, S. Rakesh, Raghupathi Balasani, Dhumantarao Thammi Raju, Alok Kumar, and et al. 2023. "Academia-Industry Linkages for Sustainable Innovation in Agriculture Higher Education in India" Sustainability 15, no. 23: 16450. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152316450