Assessing the Impact of the Recent Unprecedented World Events on the Economic and Environmental Conditions of Saudi Arabia
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methodology, Database, and Scenario Description
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Economic Impacts
3.2. Impact on CO2 Emissions, Using the Input–Output Life Cycle Assessment Approach (IO-LCA)
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Regions | Sectors | Factors of Production |
---|---|---|
Saudi Arabia | Rice | Land |
Rest of World (ROW) | Wheat | Unskilled labour |
Grains | Skilled labour | |
Meat | Capital | |
Livestock | Natural resources | |
Dairy | ||
FruitVeg (vegetables, fruit, nuts) | ||
Coffeespicy (coffee, spices, and seeds) | ||
OthAgroFood (other agriculture, forestry, fish, and food) | ||
Oil | ||
Gas | ||
Coal | ||
PetroProd (refined petroleum products) | ||
Manufacturin (manufacturing) | ||
Construction | ||
eleGasWtr (electricity, gas distribution, and water) | ||
TradeTransp (trade and transportation) | ||
Services (other services) |
Real GDP | Nominal GDP | yp | ypev | DTBAL (US$ Million) | EV (US$ Million) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KSA | −0.39 | −1.27 | −0.93 | −1.93 | −10,440.76 | −23,344.2 |
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Almutairi, K.; Alahmadi, R. Assessing the Impact of the Recent Unprecedented World Events on the Economic and Environmental Conditions of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability 2023, 15, 1610. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021610
Almutairi K, Alahmadi R. Assessing the Impact of the Recent Unprecedented World Events on the Economic and Environmental Conditions of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability. 2023; 15(2):1610. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021610
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmutairi, Kamel, and Ramzi Alahmadi. 2023. "Assessing the Impact of the Recent Unprecedented World Events on the Economic and Environmental Conditions of Saudi Arabia" Sustainability 15, no. 2: 1610. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021610
APA StyleAlmutairi, K., & Alahmadi, R. (2023). Assessing the Impact of the Recent Unprecedented World Events on the Economic and Environmental Conditions of Saudi Arabia. Sustainability, 15(2), 1610. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021610