The Impact of Green Organizational Capabilities on Competitive Advantage of Construction Enterprises in Vietnam: The Mediating Role of Green Innovation

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

Unacceptable

The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why 25 it is important. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance. The current 26 state of the research field should be carefully reviewed and key publications cited. Please 27 highlight controversial and diverging hypotheses when necessary. Finally, briefly men- 28 tion the main aim of the work and highlight the principal conclusions. As far as possible, 29 please keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your particular field of 30 research. References should be numbered in order of appearance and indicated by a nu- 31 meral or numerals in square brackets—e.g., [1] or [2,3], or [4–6]. See the end of the docu- 32 ment for further details on references. 

Hence, the correct recognition of the role of green organizational capabilities and green innovation may be an opportunity to increase competitive advantage which changes the way construction enterprises treat the environment. Although prior research has broadly discussed related issues regarding green innovation, and competitive advantage, significant gaps exist with respect to the new concept of green organizational capabilities and its impact on competitive advantage through green innovation. Therefore, we bridged the research gap by promoting a theoritical framework of green organizational capabilities and proposing a research model with three novel constructs: green organizational capabilities, green innovation, and competitive advantage. Since competitive advantage is increasingly important for firms in the era of constantly changing environment, the research framework was examined to help enterprises better understand how to improve their competitive advantage through key facors such as green organizational capabilities and green innovation. 

Author Response

Response to Reviewer 1 Comments

Point 1: In abstract authors have to explain their methodology in this research in more details. 

Response 1: We have admended and explain further the methodology in the abstract. 

The revised abstract reads as follows:

“The escalating environmental pollution primarily caused by construction enterprises has raised concerns about the urgent need for sustainable practices. This study aims to establish a novel framework of Green Organizational Capabilities (GOC) for construction enterprises in Vietnam. Additionally, it addresses the research gap regarding the relationship between GOC and Competitive Advantage (CA), while also exploring the mediating effect of Green Innovation (GI). Employing Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), we simultaneously model and estimate the intricate relationships among GOC, GI, and CA, which are often unobservable and measured indirectly by Likert scale-point. Through SEM, we account for measurement errors in observed variables and test hypotheses from a sample of 278 valid respondents. The findings reveal that (1) Organizational capabilities are being transformed into GOC, encompassing three key capabilities: Operational Capabilities (OC), Green Dynamic Capabilities (GDC), Green Creativity (GC); (2) Only GDC and GC have a positive impact on CA; and (3) There is a mediating role of GI on the relation between GC, GDC, and CA. These results highlight the significance of focusing on developing GDC and GC to bolster green innovation practices and achieve a competitive edge. Construction companies can leverage these insights to enhance their sustainability efforts and seize opportunities for growth in the green economy.”

Point 2: In introduction authors motivation to conduct this research is nor clear.

Response 2: We have now added details about the broad context and macro effects that are showing the significance of the research topic to Vietnamese construction enterprises. The added texts are as below:

In Vietnam, the construction industry plays a pivotal role in fostering the country's socio-economic infrastructure, with an average annual growth rate ranging from 8.5% to 8.7% [8]. However, the various construction activities, including transportation, material production, and waste generation, exert significant pressure on the environment [9]. Concurrently, the recent implementation of the European Union–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) has opened vast opportunities for the Vietnamese construction sector to collaborate with leading European tech-giants, which possess cutting-edge technologies in construction and manufacturing [10]. To meet the demands of this partnership, European corporations are emphasizing the development of robust organizational capabilities, especially in the realm of green competitive advantage strategies, to counteract the detrimental impact of construction on the environment [11]. As the construction sector rebounds from the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and Vietnam's market becomes more accessible to European enterprises, it presents a strategic moment for Vietnamese construction firms to fortify their resources and cultivate high-level green organizational capabilities.

Therefore, the primary focus of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the influence of GOC on the competitive advantage of construction enterprises in Vietnam, while also examining the mediating role of green innovation in this relationship. By doing so, the research aims to present effective solutions that can bolster competitive advantages through the implementation of GOC and green innovation, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of these enterprises.

Point 3: Also, in introduction it is not clear which questions they are going to answer. overall Introduction was very vague.

Response 3: As mentioned above, we have now revised the Introduction to make it clearer. Apart from the motivation, we now also added the scope, aims and areas that the paper focuses on addressing. In particular, the following text has been added in the Introduction:

Therefore, the primary focus of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the influence of GOC on the competitive advantage of construction enterprises in Vietnam, while also examining the mediating role of green innovation in this relationship. By doing so, the research aims to present effective solutions that can bolster competitive advantages through the implementation of GOC and green innovation, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of these enterprises.

Point 4: In the literature review section authors have to use more recent literature. 

Response 4: We have now added more recent references and rewritten the literature review to reflect this update. Please refer to Section 2 of the revised manuscript for this change.

Point 5: In the literature section authors could write background for each hypothesis separately, rather than only one background for H1a, H1b and H1c.

Response 5 : We consider Green Organizational Capabilities (GOC) as an independent entity to consider its comprehensive impact on firm’s Competitive Advantage. The GOC encompass three components which are tested on each hypothesis H1a, H1b and H1c. Although backgrounds for them are reviewed in one single section 3.4.1, they are presented separately in each paragraph in this section (we highlighted them in bold texts now). Likewise, we do the same thing for other hypotheses in the paper. Hope this clarify and address your concern.

Point 6: Authors could explain their methodology more details.

Response 6: Thank you for your comment. We now take this opportunity to add more explaination for methodology section (Section 4). In particular, we explained more about data collection in section 4.1:

After a 2-month data collection period, we obtained a total of 328 questionnaires. However, after careful data entry and the elimination of ineligible questionnaires, we retained 278 valid questionnaires, representing 85.76% of the initial responses, for further analysis. Subsequently, we compiled a list of 53 construction sector enterprises in Vietnam and gathered their financial statements from reputable statistical websites such as CafeF and Vietstock to measure financial performance indicators.

In terms of enterprise age, the surveyed firms are distributed as follows: 31.65% are in the 16-20 years age group, followed by 29.15% in the 1-15 years group, 19.78% in the 21-30 years group, and the remaining 19.42% are over 30 years old. Concerning enterprise scale, the largest proportion consists of companies with 301-1000 employees, accounting for 56.47% of the total. Additionally, the surveyed enterprises operate in various sectors, including contractors, construction consultants, technological equipment and construction materials producers, and enterprises involved in construction investment, among others.

We also explain in more details about the analytical techniques in section 4.3:

We conducted the following verification steps: (i) Scale reliability by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients. The scale is reliable to conduct the next test when Cronbach’s Alpha ≥ 0.6 and the total variable correlation > 0.3; (ii) The authors use exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to consider and eliminate factors that are inconsistent with the model. In this test, we guarantee that KMO value > 0.5; Sig Bartlett'sis < 0.05, Eigenvalue value > 1, and Factor Loading ≥ 0.5; (iii) Use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test how well the model fits the data, and confirm the univariate multivariate, convergent and discriminant validity of the scale, some typically tracked metrics are χ2 / df, GFI (goodness of fit index), CFI (comparative fit index), TLI (tucker lewis index), RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation); and (iv) Concluding hypotheses through analyzing structural equation modeling (SEM) which is a robust multivariate data analysis method employed to examine intricate relationships among constructs and their corresponding indicators [68]. It serves as a potent statistical technique capable of integrating quantitative data, incorporating cause-effect assumptions into the model, and analyzing multiple regression models simultaneously. Moreover, SEM enables the modeling of multidimensional relationships between variables within a comprehensive framework. Given the complexity of the model, sample size, and the exploratory nature of the data, SEM was deemed well-suited for the purposes of this study.

Point 7: Findings section need more explanation.

Response 7: We have added more details in section 5. In particular, the following text was added for SEM analysis:

The analysis revealed a positive impact of green dynamic capabilities on Competitive advantage (β = 0.318, p<0.05), thus supporting Hypothesis 1b. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies by Qiu et al [21] and Reuter et al [69]. Companies in the construction sector with robust green dynamic capabilities possess the ability to gather, recognize, and anticipate changes in green technologies, green demands, and environmental protection policies for sustainable development. By systematically and efficiently addressing challenges through resource integration, construction, and reconfiguration, these companies are adept at making prompt and accurate decisions to cater to customer needs and address the demands of the emerging "green" market. Consequently, they gain a significant market share and obtain the coveted first-mover advantage.

The analysis indicates a significant positive relationship between Green creativity and Competitive advantage (β = 0.226, p < 0.05), confirming Hypothesis 1c. This finding aligns with the research conducted by Zameer et al [54] and Nasifoglu et al [70]. Enterprises that exhibit a high level of green innovation actively engage in research and development activities focused on environmental aspects, leading to a regular stream of new and enhanced products. This constant innovation contributes to the improvement of their competitive advantages. Particularly, in the era of the Internet of Things, where smart houses are extensively integrated into the construction industry, companies effectively leveraging Green creativity are poised to gain a competitive edge over their competitors in the market.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 2 Report

Dear researcher this is a possibly motivating effort and work for a general audience

However, I have some suggestions and recommendations for researcher to improve the quality of the paper accordingly as follows:
 Reconsideration about the title and abstracts reflects all the contents that comprehensively interpreted, add latest references.
Add some detail about methodological process and data collection procedure. Rearrange Tables  in a usual way. Usually we expect to see estimates, t statistics, and p values in columns, and predictors, together with the levels in rows

Include limitations of the study in the conclusions section.

The English writing is understandable. However, I can easily spot many typos and small errors. Therefore, language needs to be edited to improve the paper's quality significantly.

Author Response

Response to Reviewer 2 Comments

Point 1: This article include many incorrect words. 

Response 1: We've proofread the manuscript thoroughly again and hope you will find the revised version a much better and clearer article. 

Point 2: Methodology isn't properly referenced with authors for methodological approach. 

Response 2: To verify the hypotheses, we employ Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. SEM can simultaneously model and estimate the intricate relationships among green organizational capabilities, green innovation, and competitive advantage. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a robust multivariate data analysis method employed to examine intricate relationships among constructs and their corresponding indicators (see reference [68]). It serves as a potent statistical technique capable of integrating quantitative data, incorporating cause-effect assumptions into the model, and analyzing multiple regression models simultaneously. Moreover, SEM enables the modeling of multidimensional relationships between variables within a comprehensive framework. Given the complexity of the model, sample size, and the exploratory nature of the data, SEM was deemed well-suited for the purposes of this study. Additionally, we also refer to the use of this method from the study of Lin & Chen (2017), Yousaf (2021), Tu & Wu (2021). So, we have now added more references and text to better clarify and justify our choice, as follows (in section 4.3):

(iv) Concluding hypotheses through analyzing structural equation modeling (SEM) which is a robust multivariate data analysis method employed to examine intricate relationships among constructs and their corresponding indicators [68]. It serves as a potent statistical technique capable of integrating quantitative data, incorporating cause-effect assumptions into the model, and analyzing multiple regression models simultaneously. Moreover, SEM enables the modeling of multidimensional relationships between variables within a comprehensive framework. Given the complexity of the model, sample size, and the exploratory nature of the data, SEM was deemed well-suited for the purposes of this study.

Point 3: Results are not properly discussed and related with theory

Response 3: Thanks for your comment. We have now revised section 5.3 and added the following discussion:

The analysis revealed a positive impact of green dynamic capabilities on Competitive advantage (β = 0.318, p<0.05), thus supporting Hypothesis 1b. These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies by Qiu et al [21] and Reuter et al [69]. Companies in the construction sector with robust green dynamic capabilities possess the ability to gather, recognize, and anticipate changes in green technologies, green demands, and environmental protection policies for sustainable development. By systematically and efficiently addressing challenges through resource integration, construction, and reconfiguration, these companies are adept at making prompt and accurate decisions to cater to customer needs and address the demands of the emerging "green" market. Consequently, they gain a significant market share and obtain the coveted first-mover advantage.

The analysis indicates a significant positive relationship between Green creativity and Competitive advantage (β = 0.226, p < 0.05), confirming Hypothesis 1c. This finding aligns with the research conducted by Zameer et al [54] and Nasifoglu et al [70]. Enterprises that exhibit a high level of green innovation actively engage in research and development activities focused on environmental aspects, leading to a regular stream of new and enhanced products. This constant innovation contributes to the improvement of their competitive advantages. Particularly, in the era of the Internet of Things, where smart houses are extensively integrated into the construction industry, companies effectively leveraging Green creativity are poised to gain a competitive edge over their competitors in the market

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 3 Report

Article is exploring a very important topic, but is fragile in various aspects: (i) many incorrect words; (ii) methodology isn´t properly referenced with authors fo methodological approach; (iii) results are not properly discussed and related with theory.

I think that is mandatory to improve english.

Author Response

Response to Reviewer 3 Comments

Point 1: Reconsideration about the title and abstract reflects all the contents that comprehensively interpreted, add latest references.

Response 1: We reviewed the article and made the corrections in accordance with the above requirements. The abstract was now rewritten.

Point 2: Add some detail about methodological process and data collection procedure. 

Response 2: Thank you and have now added more details about the method and data collection procedure, as copied below (for your convenient reading):

4.1. Data collection

The research sample is enterprises in the Vietnamese construction industry. We conducted online surveys and face-to-face interviews with business leadership members such as directors, deputy directors, and employees who fully grasp construction enterprise information of the environment to gather primary data.

After a 2-month data collection period, we obtained a total of 328 questionnaires. However, after careful data entry and the elimination of ineligible questionnaires, we retained 278 valid questionnaires, representing 85.76% of the initial responses, for further analysis. Subsequently, we compiled a list of 53 construction sector enterprises in Vietnam and gathered their financial statements from reputable statistical websites such as CafeF and Vietstock to measure financial performance indicators.

      In terms of enterprise age, the surveyed firms are distributed as follows: 31.65% are in the 16-20 years age group, followed by 29.15% in the 1-15 years group, 19.78% in the 21-30 years group, and the remaining 19.42% are over 30 years old. Concerning enterprise scale, the largest proportion consists of companies with 301-1000 employees, accounting for 56.47% of the total. Additionally, the surveyed enterprises operate in various sectors, including contractors, construction consultants, technological equipment and construction materials producers, and enterprises involved in construction investment, among others.

4.3. Analytical techniques

      This study used a structure equation model, a method used commonly in research on issues related to advantage competitive. We used SPSS 26.0 software for descriptive statistics and at the same time, used AMOS 24 software to evaluate the scale and determine the importance of factors as well as test hypotheses.

      We conducted the following verification steps: (i) Scale reliability by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficients. The scale is reliable to conduct the next test when Cronbach’s Alpha ≥ 0.6 and the total variable correlation > 0.3; (ii) The authors use exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to consider and eliminate factors that are inconsistent with the model. In this test, we guarantee that KMO value > 0.5; Sig Bartlett'sis < 0.05, Eigenvalue value > 1, and Factor Loading ≥ 0.5; (iii) Use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to test how well the model fits the data, and confirm the univariate multivariate, convergent and discriminant validity of the scale, some typically tracked metrics are χ2 / df, GFI (goodness of fit index), CFI (comparative fit index), TLI (tucker lewis index), RMSEA (root mean square error of approximation); and (iv) Concluding hypotheses through analyzing structural equation modeling (SEM) which is a robust multivariate data analysis method employed to examine intricate relationships among constructs and their corresponding indicators [68]. It serves as a potent statistical technique capable of integrating quantitative data, incorporating cause-effect assumptions into the model, and analyzing multiple regression models simultaneously. Moreover, SEM enables the modeling of multidimensional relationships between variables within a comprehensive framework. Given the complexity of the model, sample size, and the exploratory nature of the data, SEM was deemed well-suited for the purposes of this study.

Point 3: Rearrange Tables in a usual way. Usually we expect to see estimates, t statistics, and p values in columns, and predictors, together with the levels in rows 

Response 3: Thank you for your kind suggestion. We considered and found that the present data presentation was consistent with the requirement and with our study. 

Point 4: Include limitations of the study in the conclusions section.

Response 4: We have now added contributions/limitations towards the end of the paper, which you can find below for convenient reading:

This study aimed to assess the influence of organizational capabilities on the competitive advantage of construction enterprises, with a focus on the mediating role of green innovation. The research makes notable contributions in several aspects. Firstly, it adopts a comprehensive framework derived from contemporary business concepts to define three integral components of organizational capabilities: OC, GDC, and GC. This framework presents a novel perspective on organizational capabilities in the modern era. Secondly, the study advocates the transformation of traditional organizational capabilities into green organizational capabilities within the context of Vietnamese construction enterprises, thereby proposing and validating the GOC framework. Lastly, the empirical findings highlight the positive impact of GDC and GC on competitive advantage, while also demonstrating the crucial mediating role played by green innovation in shaping these relationships. Through these contributions, the research sheds light on the vital significance of green innovation as a facilitator of competitive advantage in the construction industry.

Despite the valuable contributions made in this research, certain limitations should be acknowledged. Firstly, the study was conducted by a limited number of key researchers, lacking over-institutional-level collaboration, which may have influenced the depth and breadth of the analysis. Secondly, while the study explored Green Creativity, Green Dynamic Capabilities, and Operational Capabilities, there remain other aspects of organizational capabilities that warrant further investigation, especially within the context of modern business activities. Thirdly, the empirical analysis did not specifically address the relationship between Operational Capability and competitive advantage. Additionally, the research period of only three years, starting from 2019, might not fully capture the comprehensive impact of capabilities and innovation, given that these variables are relevant to long-term sustainable goals. To address these limitations, future research could explore and incorporate other organizational capabilities, extend the data collection period to gain a more comprehensive understanding, and consider alternative statistical and analytical models alongside SEM analysis to reevaluate the impact of organizational capabilities on firms' competitive advantage. Emphasizing these recommendations could enhance the overall robustness and scope of research findings in this domain.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 4 Report

1. In abstract authors have to explain their methodology in this research in more details. 

2. In introduction authors motivation to conduct this research is nor clear. 

3. Also, in introduction it is not clear which questions they are going to answer. overall Introduction was very vague. 

4. In the literature review section authors have to use more recent literature. 

5. Authors could read the following papers- 

Hasan, F., Islam, M. R., and Siddique, M.  (2022). Management challenges analyses and information system development in SMEs due to Covid 19 fallout: Prescriptive case study. International Journal of Critical Accounting. 13(1), 1-16.

Hasan, F., Bellenstedt, M.F.R.  and Islam, M.R. (2023). The impact of demand and supply disruptions during the Covid-19 crisis on firm productivity. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management. 24(1), 87-105.

6. In the literature section authors could write background for each hypothesis separately, rather than only one background for H1a, H1b and H1c .

7. Authors could explain their methodology more details. 

8. Findings section need more explanation. 

Need proofreading 

Author Response

Response to Reviewer 4 Comments

Point 1: The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it is important. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance. 

As far as possible, please keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your particular field of research. 

Response 1: Thank you for your comment. We have now added more details on the broad context and macro effects that are showing the significance of the research topic to Vietnamese construction enterprises. In particular, the following context and motivation as well as scope/aim of the work are added to the Introduction section:

In Vietnam, the construction industry plays a pivotal role in fostering the country's socio-economic infrastructure, with an average annual growth rate ranging from 8.5% to 8.7% [8]. However, the various construction activities, including transportation, material production, and waste generation, exert significant pressure on the environment [9]. Concurrently, the recent implementation of the European Union–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) has opened vast opportunities for the Vietnamese construction sector to collaborate with leading European tech-giants, which possess cutting-edge technologies in construction and manufacturing [10]. To meet the demands of this partnership, European corporations are emphasizing the development of robust organizational capabilities, especially in the realm of green competitive advantage strategies, to counteract the detrimental impact of construction on the environment [11]. As the construction sector rebounds from the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and Vietnam's market becomes more accessible to European enterprises, it presents a strategic moment for Vietnamese construction firms to fortify their resources and cultivate high-level green organizational capabilities.

Therefore, the primary focus of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the influence of GOC on the competitive advantage of construction enterprises in Vietnam, while also examining the mediating role of green innovation in this relationship. By doing so, the research aims to present effective solutions that can bolster competitive advantages through the implementation of GOC and green innovation, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of these enterprises.

Point 2: The current state of the research field should be carefully reviewed and key publications cited. 

Response 2 : We have added more recent papers and rewritten the literature review, as below:

In recent decades, research on organizational capabilities has garnered increasing interest and witnessed substantial development. Scholars from around the world have approached the concept of organizational capacity and its components from various perspectives. Gold et al. [12] emphasized knowledge management capability as a key aspect of organizational capabilities in the transition to a knowledge-based economy. Similarly, Spanos & Prastacos [13] viewed organizational capabilities as a meta-capability derived from the collective knowledge and application of knowledge within the enterprise. On the other hand, Jacobides [14] highlighted the effective division of labor as a means to harness the full potential of human resources as a demonstration of organizational capabilities.

Among the different views, Collis's perspective [1] on organizational capabilities has gained widespread acceptance and application. According to Collis, organizational capabilities can be categorized into basic functional activities and innovation-oriented activities, which govern the efficiency of converting inputs into outputs, leading to a firm's unique market position. Building on Collis's framework, various studies have explored the elements of organizational capabilities and their relationships with green innovation, financial performance, and competitive advantage in specific countries and industries.

Some typical elements of organizational capabilities include operational capabilities, which play a crucial role in gaining a competitive advantage through efficient material flow and resource utilization [15-17]. Dynamic capabilities, on the other hand, are associated with the process of innovation towards sustainable development [18-21], while creativity enables businesses to explore and exploit market opportunities for innovation [22-24].

Although certain elements of organizational capabilities, such as green dynamic capacity and green creativity, have been examined in the context of environmental pollution's impact on business activities, a comprehensive review of the components of green organizational capabilities has not been thoroughly undertaken. This research gap serves as the primary motivation for conducting this study, which aims to address this significant gap and shed light on the crucial relationship between green organizational capabilities, green innovation, and business performance.

In addition, the backgrounds on theoretical framework and hypothesis development have also been carefully revised and made clearer to support the development and testing of hypotheses (please refer to Section 3).

Point 3: Please highlight controversial and diverging hypotheses when necessary.

Response 3: Thank you for your great suggestion. We take your suggestion on board and revise and rewrite sections 3.1 to 3.4 to highlight better the contrasting and diverging hypotheses when relevant. Hope you will find the reading more satisfactory. However, we reckon that some of the relationships and terms in the research is still new and have not been widenly discussed, and we consider this to be a research gap that we will conduct in the future. 

Point 4: Finally, briefly mention the main aim of the work and highlight the principal conclusions.  

Response 4: We have added the aim of the work in the Introduction section

Therefore, the primary focus of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the influence of GOC on the competitive advantage of construction enterprises in Vietnam, while also examining the mediating role of green innovation in this relationship. By doing so, the research aims to present effective solutions that can bolster competitive advantages through the implementation of GOC and green innovation, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of these enterprises.

and made some adjustment for conclusion section, as follows:

In conclusion, the research findings highlight the significance of applying and enhancing Green Creativity and Green Dynamic Capabilities within construction enterprises to elevate both Green Innovation and Competitive Advantage [19, 20, 24, 34, 35]. With the growing influence of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the construction sector, there is a pressing need for creative products and services tailored for smart accommodations and smart cities to lead this evolving market. The IoT is a vital component of Industry 4.0, bridging the gap between the physical and cyber-world industries, and its transformative potential is vast [71]. Companies equipped with high levels of green creativity possess abundant sources of ideas, fostering rapid R&D and product innovation, positioning them at the forefront of this dynamic field. Furthermore, in response to the evolving environmental landscape, global crises, and the surging demand for green buildings, every construction enterprise in Vietnam must adopt Green dynamic capabilities. These capabilities enable construction firms to mitigate their environmental impact, foster public trust, and enhance competitiveness, leading to improved profit margins. Additionally, Green dynamic capabilities bolster a company's reputation, increasing opportunities for contracts with both public and private entities. In summary, Green Creativity serves as a wellspring of ideas, essential for innovation and the establishment of core competencies, while Green dynamic capabilities excel at seizing opportunities and swiftly adapting to environmental changes, ensuring effective implementation of innovative ideas. Embracing these green organizational capabilities will empower construction enterprises in Vietnam to thrive in the ever-evolving business landscape, achieve sustainable growth, and excel in the race for a greener, more innovative future.

Construction enterprises must prioritize and increase their investment in Green Innovation implementation, as the research results demonstrate its dual positive impact on Competitive Advantage and its ability to strengthen the relationship between Organizational capabilities and Competitive advantage. Green innovation acts as a catalyst for the future, akin to currency that must be strategically invested to yield optimal value and contribute to a firm's Competitive advantage. Diverse aspects of Green Innovation, including green building materials, renewable energy utilization, green technology, and eco-friendly construction processes, all play a pivotal role in long-term cost reduction, waste and emission reduction. Moreover, Green Innovation enhances a firm's reputation through its green image [2], making it more attractive in the eyes of environmentally-conscious consumers and stakeholders. Additionally, embracing Green Innovation enables companies to access new markets more effortlessly, leveraging support from governments and initiatives like the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. Furthermore, Green Innovation serves as a vital conduit for enterprises to harness their organizational capabilities and bring potential ideas to fruition, culminating in the establishment of a true core competency. By actively fostering a culture of Green Innovation, construction firms can stay ahead of the competition, demonstrate industry leadership, and secure a sustainable future. Embracing Green Innovation and effectively utilizing organizational capabilities is a potent formula for construction enterprises to excel, thrive, and make a positive impact on both the environment and their long-term success.

Point 5: References should be numbered in order of appearance and indicated by a numeral or numerals in square brackets-e.g., [1] or [2,3], or [4–6]. See the end of the document for further details on references. 

Response 5: We have revised and corrected the references as instructed. Thank you.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report

There is doubt about the study. Therefore, the manuscript is rejected.

First, the manuscript stated the construction industry was the focus of the study, but there was no evidence to show the respondents were from construction firms. 278 respondents. Who are they?

Second, the instrument constructs are not reflected in the construction industry. Those instruments were taken from manufacturing studies.

"Controls the inputs and outputs of products easily and quickly.

Will consult environmental experts in evaluating and designing green products

Chooses the materials to produce the least amount of pollution for conducting the product development or design. Uses the fewest amounts of materials to comprise the product for conducting the product development or design. Deliberate whether the product is easy to recycle, reuse, and decompose for conducting the product development or design.

Has a manufacturing process that effectively reduces the emission of hazardous substances or waste.

Has a manufacturing process reducing the consumption of water, electricity, coal,.. Has a manufacturing process reducing the use of raw materials.

Has a manufacturing process using renewable energy."

Need to proofread.

Author Response

We express our sincere gratitude to the reviewer for dedicating your valuable time to coordinate and review our paper. Your insightful comments have been incredibly helpful in enhancing the quality of our work. We have diligently revised the manuscript, and additionally addressing each comment in a separate response provided below. In the revised manuscript, we have highlighted the key changes and new additions using blue text. Furthermore, we have taken this opportunity to thoroughly proofread the English once again, aiming to improve the clarity and overall quality of our writing. We hope that you will find our revised paper to be clearer and significantly improved. Please see the Attached file.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 3 Report

congratulations for authors for providing required adjustments, that were successfully performed.

Author Response

We express our sincere gratitude to the reviewer for dedicating your valuable time to coordinate and review our paper. Your insightful comments have been incredibly helpful in enhancing the quality of our work.

Reviewer 4 Report

Accept in its current form

Author Response

We express our sincere gratitude to the reviewer for dedicating your valuable time to coordinate and review our paper. Your insightful comments have been incredibly helpful in enhancing the quality of our work.