Impact of Biomass Moisture Content on the Physical Properties of Briquettes Produced from Recycled Ficus nitida Pruning Residuals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Pruning Residuals of Ficus nitida Trees
2.2. Determination of Branch Moisture Content
2.3. Preparing Branches for Milling
2.4. Branch Milling
2.5. Briquette Pressing
2.6. Durability Test
2.7. Briquette Compressive Strength
2.8. Material Density
2.8.1. Loose Material Bulk Density
- The loose material bulk density was calculated using the standard method under the ISO 17828:2015 guidance for determining the bulk densities of solid biofuels [39].
- A container with specific dimensions was weighed, dried, emptied, and cleaned.
- The volume of the container was calculated.
- The container was filled with the loose material of every studied moisture content level in turn.
- The container was shaken to fill it with the material and weighed.
- The density for every studied moisture content level was calculated.
- This work was repeated five times to assure the results and the average value was taken as the final result.
2.8.2. Briquette Density
- -
- First, the briquettes were weighed and then individually coated with paraffin wax to prevent the briquettes from absorbing water, as shown in Figure 4.
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- The wax-coated briquettes were weighed one after another.
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- The weight of the wax was calculated by subtracting the briquette weight from the waxed briquette weight.
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- Each briquette was submerged in water from a measuring cup, and the volume of the displaced water was recorded.
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- The volume of the paraffin wax was also calculated using the known paraffin wax density.
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- The volume of a briquette was calculated by subtracting the volume of the wax coating from the coated briquette volume.
- -
- The above steps were repeated for ten briquettes.
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- The average value of an uncoated briquette’s weight was calculated.
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- The average value of the displaced water volume was also calculated.
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- The densities of the briquettes were determined using the following equation:
2.9. Briquette Calorific Value
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Moisture Content of the Pressed Materials
3.2. Effect of Moisture Content on Briquette Durability
3.3. Loose Materials Density
3.4. Briquettes Density
3.5. Briquette Compressive Strength
3.6. Briquette Calorific Values
4. Conclusion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Sample | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | |
Length (cm) | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Average diameter (cm) | 1.4 | 3.6 | 5.2 |
Average produced particle length (mm) | 5.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 |
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Abdel Aal, A.M.K.; Ibrahim, O.H.M.; Al-Farga, A.; El Saeidy, E.A. Impact of Biomass Moisture Content on the Physical Properties of Briquettes Produced from Recycled Ficus nitida Pruning Residuals. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11762. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511762
Abdel Aal AMK, Ibrahim OHM, Al-Farga A, El Saeidy EA. Impact of Biomass Moisture Content on the Physical Properties of Briquettes Produced from Recycled Ficus nitida Pruning Residuals. Sustainability. 2023; 15(15):11762. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511762
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdel Aal, Ahmed M. K., Omer H. M. Ibrahim, Ammar Al-Farga, and Ehab A. El Saeidy. 2023. "Impact of Biomass Moisture Content on the Physical Properties of Briquettes Produced from Recycled Ficus nitida Pruning Residuals" Sustainability 15, no. 15: 11762. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511762