Coupling Coordination Development of the Logistics Industry, New Urbanization and the Ecological Environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Relationship between Logistics Industry and New Urbanization
2.2. Relationship between New Urbanization and Ecological Environment
2.3. Relationship between the Logistics Industry and Ecological Environment
2.4. Relationship between the Logistics Industry, New Urbanization and Ecological Environment
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Indicators Selection and Data Sources
3.1.1. Indicators Selection
3.1.2. Data Sources
3.2. Methods
3.2.1. The Entropy Method
3.2.2. The Coupling Coordination Degree Model
3.2.3. The Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Analysis of the Level of Development of Subsystems and Comprehensive Systems
4.2. Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Coupling and Coordination of the Logistics Industry, New Urbanization and Ecological Environment
4.3. Analysis of the Spatial Agglomeration Characteristics of Coupling Coordination
4.3.1. Global Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis
4.3.2. Local Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis
5. Discussion
- (1)
- Make up for the shortcomings and formulate development strategies according to local conditions. The development level of all three systems in each region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is not the same. Therefore, each province and municipality should identify their own short boards as soon as possible to achieve efficient development. For provinces and municipalities lagging in the logistics industry, they should increase the infrastructure construction of the logistics industry and focus on building a new logistics system. Similarly, for provinces and municipalities lagging in new urbanization, they should improve the level of urban public services and plan urban space scientifically. For the provinces and municipalities lagging in the ecological environment, they should change the development concept and increase the financial and technical investment in local environmental pollution control.
- (2)
- Maintain the advantages and promote system integration through integrated linkage. For provinces and municipalities that have already reached the primary coordination and above development level, it is important to maintain this good development trend and ensure that the level of advantageous systems and the quality of coordinated development among systems continue to improve steadily. In addition, it is important to strengthen the integration and linkage in the process of development. While accelerating the urbanization process, they should focus on the optimization of industrial structures and the improvement of environmental quality. While promoting the development of the logistics industry, they should also pay attention to the protection of the ecological environment, increase the use of green technology and develop low-carbon logistics.
- (3)
- Strengthen cooperation and achieve coordinated development for mutual benefit. Provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt should strengthen intra-regional ties and exchanges, build a platform for coordinated development and realize the open sharing of resources. In addition, local governments should actively guide and promote inter-regional interconnection and complementary advantages. Thus, the provinces and municipalities with a high level of coordination can better play the role of radiation and guidance for neighboring provinces and municipalities and even the whole region and promote the integrated development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
6. Conclusions
- (1)
- In terms of the comprehensive development level of each system and composite system, the comprehensive evaluation value of each subsystem and composite system of the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2009 to 2019 shows an upward trend and changes toward a better state. Among them, the logistics system shows a trend of a low starting point and gradually expanding horizontal difference; the new urbanization system shows a trend of relatively slow development and gradually narrowing the gap between regions; the ecosystem shows a trend of a high starting point and rising fluctuation.
- (2)
- In terms of the level of coordinated development of the logistics industry, new urbanization and ecological environment, the degree of coupling and coordination of the three major systems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt provinces and municipalities showed a smooth upward trend from 2009 to 2019, and overall transitioned from near incoordination or basic coordination to the level of primary coordination or intermediate coordination. In addition, although the level of coupling and coordination of these three systems has improved during these 11 years, the overall spatial distribution pattern has not changed significantly, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of downstream > midstream > upstream.
- (3)
- In terms of the spatial clustering characteristics of coupling coordination, the global analysis results indicate that there is a significant positive spatial correlation among the coordinated development of the three systems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and this spatial correlation tends to fluctuate and increase. The local analysis results show that there is heterogeneity and agglomeration in the coordinated development of the three systems in 11 provinces and municipalities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The heterogeneity is mainly manifested by the greater degree of coordination in the downstream region than in the midstream and upstream region, and the agglomeration is mainly manifested by the spatial clustering of provinces and municipalities with similar degrees of coupling coordination in local regions and is dominated by high–high and low–low agglomeration.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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System | Primary Indicators | Secondary Indicators | Index Type | Weights |
---|---|---|---|---|
Logistics Industry | Logistics Infrastructure | Railroad mileage (km) | + | 0.045 |
Road mileage (km) | + | 0.046 | ||
Postal outlets (pcs) | + | 0.136 | ||
Ownership of civilian cargo vehicles (million units) | + | 0.062 | ||
Logistics development scale | Cargo volume (million tons) | + | 0.064 | |
Cargo turnover (billion tons/km) | + | 0.156 | ||
Express delivery volume (million pieces) | + | 0.339 | ||
Value added of the logistics industry (billion yuan) | + | 0.088 | ||
Employment in logistics (persons) | + | 0.063 | ||
New urbanization | Population urbanization | Urban population as a proportion of total population (%) | + | 0.068 |
Urban population density (persons/km2) | + | 0.123 | ||
Economic urbanization | GDP per capita (yuan) | + | 0.118 | |
Share of secondary sector in GDP (%) | + | 0.032 | ||
Share of tertiary sector in GDP (%) | + | 0.100 | ||
Disposable income per urban resident (yuan) | + | 0.115 | ||
Social urbanization | Public transport vehicles per 10,000 people (standard units) | + | 0.065 | |
Public toilets per 10,000 people (seats) | + | 0.084 | ||
Beds in health care facilities per 1000 population (pcs) | + | 0.069 | ||
Number of students enrolled in higher education per 100,000 people (persons) | + | 0.047 | ||
Spatial urbanization | Urban road area per capita (m2) | + | 0.073 | |
Proportion of urban built-up area to urban area (%) | + | 0.105 | ||
Ecological environment | Ecological status | Forest cover (%) | + | 0.229 |
Greening coverage of built-up areas (%) | + | 0.044 | ||
Green space per capita (m2/person) | + | 0.139 | ||
Ecological pressure | Industrial wastewater discharge (million tons) | − | 0.095 | |
Industrial sulfur dioxide emissions (million tons) | − | 0.127 | ||
Industrial smoke emissions (million tons) | − | 0.066 | ||
Ecological Protection | Integrated utilization rate of general industrial solid waste (%) | + | 0.207 | |
Urban sewage treatment rate (%) | + | 0.036 | ||
Harmless disposal rate of domestic waste (%) | + | 0.058 |
No. | Value (D) | Degree |
---|---|---|
1 | 0 < D ≤ 0.1 | Extreme incoordination |
2 | 0.1 < D ≤ 0.2 | Serious incoordination |
3 | 0.2 < D ≤ 0.3 | Intermediate incoordination |
4 | 0.3 < D ≤ 0.4 | Mild incoordination |
5 | 0.4 < D ≤ 0.5 | Near incoordination |
6 | 0.5 < D ≤ 0.6 | Basic coordination |
7 | 0.6 < D ≤ 0.7 | Primary coordination |
8 | 0.7 < D ≤ 0.8 | Intermediate coordination |
9 | 0.8 < D ≤ 0.9 | Good coordination |
10 | 0.9 < D ≤ 1.0 | Excellent coordination |
Province | 2009 | 2014 | 2019 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Value | Degree | Value | Degree | Value | Degree | |
Shanghai | 0.572 | basic coordination | 0.641 | primary coordination | 0.726 | intermediate coordination |
Jiangsu | 0.547 | basic coordination | 0.664 | primary coordination | 0.757 | intermediate coordination |
Zhejiang | 0.566 | basic coordination | 0.680 | primary coordination | 0.828 | good coordination |
Anhui | 0.476 | near incoordination | 0.605 | primary coordination | 0.704 | intermediate coordination |
Jiangxi | 0.497 | near incoordination | 0.589 | basic coordination | 0.659 | primary coordination |
Hubei | 0.479 | near incoordination | 0.598 | basic coordination | 0.690 | primary coordination |
Hunan | 0.513 | basic coordination | 0.595 | basic coordination | 0.680 | primary coordination |
Sichuan | 0.409 | near incoordination | 0.538 | basic coordination | 0.614 | primary coordination |
Chongqing | 0.489 | near incoordination | 0.586 | basic coordination | 0.678 | primary coordination |
Yunnan | 0.461 | near incoordination | 0.531 | basic coordination | 0.638 | primary coordination |
Guizhou | 0.370 | mild incoordination | 0.470 | near incoordination | 0.587 | basic coordination |
Year | Moran’s I | Z-Value | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
2009 | 0.418 | 2.746 | 0.014 |
2010 | 0.505 | 3.192 | 0.006 |
2011 | 0.560 | 3.475 | 0.002 |
2012 | 0.533 | 3.352 | 0.003 |
2013 | 0.548 | 3.313 | 0.002 |
2014 | 0.543 | 3.361 | 0.002 |
2015 | 0.617 | 3.658 | 0.002 |
2016 | 0.467 | 2.975 | 0.005 |
2017 | 0.536 | 3.317 | 0.004 |
2018 | 0.421 | 2.832 | 0.008 |
2019 | 0.464 | 3.118 | 0.004 |
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Ye, C.; Pi, J.; Chen, H. Coupling Coordination Development of the Logistics Industry, New Urbanization and the Ecological Environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5298. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095298
Ye C, Pi J, Chen H. Coupling Coordination Development of the Logistics Industry, New Urbanization and the Ecological Environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Sustainability. 2022; 14(9):5298. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095298
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe, Chong, Jiawei Pi, and Hanqi Chen. 2022. "Coupling Coordination Development of the Logistics Industry, New Urbanization and the Ecological Environment in the Yangtze River Economic Belt" Sustainability 14, no. 9: 5298. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095298