Sustainable Conservation and Reuse of Historical City Center Applied Study on Jeddah—Saudi Arabia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Research Goals
1.2. Research Hypothesis
2. Materials and Methods
Research Methodology
3. Theoretical Background and Contextual Approach: Historical Jeddah City Center
3.1. Conservation Policies in Historical Jeddah
3.1.1. Robert Matthew’s Policies
- The urban fabric: The area was divided into four heritage zones, the first of which is from the western side, in which the area was linked to new urban extensions, and services were provided. Its urban fabric is being changed.
- Classification of heritage buildings: Heritage buildings, especially in the third region, were classified into three categories (A-B-C) according to their historical importance and condition [8].
3.1.2. Jeddah Municipality’s Policies
- Prepare a list of significant buildings that must be preserved.
- Encourage owners of heritage homes to restore their homes under the supervision of the Commission to ensure the results of restoration operations.
- Preserve the original urban fabric of the area while providing appropriate landscape elements to the heritage and historical position of the site.
- Provide suitable parking spaces in the area and spreading heritage awareness among the local community. One of the most critical applications for achieving this goal was the work of heritage festivals.
3.2. The Local Community of Jeddah’s Historical City Center
- Replacing the local community of the area with another community made up of immigrants.
- Attention to commercial activities in the region at the expense of other activities.
- Residential activities were limited to some expatriate workers, and the available residential spaces in the residences were used as storage spaces.
3.3. Heritage Building Reuse as a Tool of Sustainable Heritage Conservation
3.3.1. Reuse Heritage Buildings in Resettlement (Proposed Project)
3.3.2. Historical Jeddah Potentials and Resettlement
- The area contains many residential buildings and mixed-use buildings (according to Jeddah development planning), reducing the economic cost of reuse, which is spent on rehabilitating the spaces to suit the new function of the building. This will not be required as a result of reusing the building in the same function for which it was built.
- At present, the region represents a magnet for all investors and the local community, especially after the development projects targeting the region launched by His Highness, the Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including, for example, the Heart of Jeddah project.
- The areas surrounding the historic area, which represent the urban environmental buffer of the heritage area, can be developed and expanded the scope of resettlement projects to increase the economic return from the project and produce new local architecture characterized by authenticity and contemporary to represent scope for protecting the heritage area and increasing the local community’s awareness of the importance of architectural heritage and its role in producing future architecture that preserves the values, traditions, and cultural reference of the local community.
4. Analytical Approach: Reuse and Sustainability in Historical Jeddah Buildings
- Providing the necessary services to the population in the event of resettlement, considering the level of the population in the provision of services.
- Considering privacy, mainly because the area contains many commercial activities.
- Providing services related to the expected tourism activities in the region, especially after the completion of the Downtown Jeddah project, will put the region on the international tourism list, as planned.
- Attention to investment projects in the region that are commensurate with their nature and with the local community of the region to provide the necessary investments for the sustainability of conservation and reuse projects in the region.
5. Public Participation as a Tool to Evaluate the Sustainability of the Proposed Project
6. Sustainability Levels in the Resettlement Project in Historical Jeddah
6.1. Historical Jeddah Community
6.1.1. Factors Affecting the Historical Jeddah Target Community
- Privacy is one of the most critical factors affecting the target community for resettlement and the Saudi community in general, which must be considered, especially with the spread of projects that attract tourism in the region.
- As a result of the high level of per capita income in the Kingdom, the means of living on which families depend have changed and have become the basics of living, which must be considered when planning the area and for resettlement, such as parking spaces, traffic separation, and cars entering the area, because the current lifestyle of the community depends on it.
- One of the essential factors that characterize the part of Saudi society targeted for resettlement operations is family cohesion, which requires the study of the possibility of accommodating more than one family in one house. Maintaining their privacy and targeting families at the beginning of formation requires the study of the spaces needed for continued communication with the rest of the family.
6.1.2. Evaluating Criteria for Social Aspects
- Local community acceptance of the idea of resettlement.
- Service efficiency is needed to cover the basic needs of the local community after resettlement.
- The appropriateness of the spaces in the heritage houses to the requirements of the target community.
- Urban spaces are appropriate for the lifestyle of the target community.
- The relationship between development projects in the region and resettlement projects.
6.2. Economics and Investment of Historical Jeddah
6.2.1. Financial of the Conservation Projects in Historical Jeddah
6.2.2. Evaluating Criteria for Economic Aspects
- The expected real estate value of the property before and after the implementation of the project.
- Encouraging investment in reuse projects and service projects for the target community.
- The economic impact of the project on tourism development.
- Providing job opportunities in the project and beyond in the population and tourism services in the region.
6.3. Historical Jeddah Environment
6.3.1. Building Design
6.3.2. Urban Context
6.3.3. Conservation Project
6.3.4. Evaluating Criteria for Environmental Aspects
- Renovation of existing heritage buildings and improvement of the visual image.
- Control pollution levels in the area and prevent the movement of vehicles.
- The appropriateness of residential use of heritage buildings to the environment and energy consumption control.
- The efficiency of the current cleaning and firefighting system will not be sufficient in the case of implementing the proposed project.
7. Practical Approach: Resettlement Project Assessment
7.1. Assessment of Social Aspects
7.1.1. Acceptance of Living in Heritage Buildings
7.1.2. Service Efficiency
7.1.3. Evaluate the Appropriateness of Heritage Building Spaces for the Target Community
7.1.4. Evaluate Urban Space’s Appropriateness to the Lifestyle of the Target Community
7.1.5. Evaluate the Relationship between the Resettlement Project and Development Projects
7.2. Assessment of Economic Aspects
7.2.1. Real State Value before and after the Proposed Project
7.2.2. Proposed Project and Encouraging Investment
7.2.3. Proposed Project and Economic Impact on Tourism Development
7.2.4. Proposed Project and Providing Job Opportunities
7.3. Assessment of Environmental Aspects
7.3.1. Improvement of the Visual Image
7.3.2. Control of the Levels of Pollution
7.3.3. Energy Consumption Control
7.3.4. Efficiency of the Current Cleaning and Firefighting System
7.4. Analysis of the Investigation Results
8. Discussion
9. Results
- Policies to preserve heritage areas that are concerned only with restoration and preservation are deficient and unsustainable.
- The local community is one of the most important guarantees for the success and sustainability of preservation operations, and heritage festivals were one of the most critical factors attracting the attention of the local community in Historic Jeddah, which helped raise the heritage awareness of the original community in the area of its importance.
- The residential use of heritage buildings is one of the uses that are commensurate with the nature of these buildings, as it is the original use of them, and it is commensurate with the reuse of heritage neighborhoods in which these buildings are numerous, as is the case of heritage Jeddah; however, the spaces in heritage building should be redesigned to be adequate to the target community.
- The reuse of heritage buildings in resettlement works to sustain the preservation operations of Historic Jeddah and integrates with the development projects that have been announced in the areas adjacent to the historic area.
- Reusing the heritage buildings in historic Jeddah increases the economic value of real estate and provides many job opportunities in the region, whether in restoration or services after the operation.
- Providing the necessary services to the target community is one of the essential factors of attraction and the success of the reemployment operations in the region, as it ensures the participation of the community and their transfer to housing in the region again, especially with the attractions provided by the new development projects that return the city center to the region again.
- Economic incentives are among the factors that attract the local community in the historical area of Jeddah to participate in the heritage building reuse project, especially with the privacy of the community and its adherence to heritage homes, which are inherited from generations. Renting it to others is one of the strange procedures for conservative societies, such as Saudi society.
Recommendations
- Implementing a pilot project through which the idea can be presented and evaluated helps the interaction of the local community.
- Raising awareness of the local community about the importance of the project and its impact on the sustainability of conservation operations in the area and the importance of participating in the project.
- Study current services and identify essential services needed for the target community to study how to integrate them into the heritage area.
- Study the environmental impact of the project and the expected service projects. The environmental impact of tourism projects in the region and the impact of tourism projects on the target community of resettlement operations and the region must be studied.
- Study the mutual impact between the proposed project and development projects in the region to develop an integrated vision for the region and not repeat services or projects, especially tourism and culture.
- Increase community awareness of creating a car-free historic area and making it pedestrian-friendly, especially after implementing the proposed project.
- Redesign the heritage buildings spaces and present them to the local community for their opinion.
10. Conclusions
- Dealing with the reuse of buildings in the historic Jeddah area must accommodate many buildings. The most appropriate function that can accommodate this large number of buildings is to use them in their original functions.
- The peculiarity of the historical area of Jeddah, which helped it to be on the World Heritage List by UNESCO, makes the sustainability of the region’s conservation operations one of the most important criteria that must be considered when developing policies for preserving the region.
- The local community of heritage areas is considered one of the essential elements for the sustainability of their preservation operations. The historical area of Jeddah has suffered from local community change and its replacement with a community of expatriates.
- The proposed development projects in the areas adjacent to the historical area restore the historical area once again like a magnet for the Saudi community, which helps accept the proposed project and provides the necessary services for it.
- Reusing the heritage buildings in restructuring the area’s local community through resettlement achieves the sustainability of preservation operations in the area and increases the real estate value of the buildings and the area, which was verified through the applied study on the area, then the research hypothesis is achieved.
- The extent of the interaction of Saudi society with the region can be studied by studying the interaction between the community and the historical area of Jeddah through the heritage festivals that took place in the region and have helped introduce the new generations to the region and monitor their interactions with it, which helps to accept returning to the region again.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Participants | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 3.7381 | 42 | 0.88509 |
municipality | 3.8750 | 8 | 1.35620 |
specialist | 3.5000 | 16 | 1.21106 |
Total | 3.6970 | 66 | 1.02236 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
services efficiency participants | Between Groups | (Combined) | 0.945 | 2 | 0.473 | 0.444 | 0.643 |
Within Groups | 66.994 | 63 | 1.063 | ||||
Total | 67.939 | 65 |
Participants | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 3.4524 | 42 | 0.91605 |
municipality | 3.5000 | 8 | 1.51186 |
specialist | 3.6250 | 16 | 0.88506 |
Total | 3.5000 | 66 | 0.98058 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HB appropriateness to T C participants | Between Groups | (Combined) | 0.345 | 2 | 0.173 | 0.175 | 0.840 |
Within Groups | 62.155 | 63 | 0.987 | ||||
Total | 62.500 | 65 |
Participants | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 2.8333 | 42 | 1.05730 |
municipality | 2.2500 | 8 | 0.70711 |
specialist | 2.8125 | 16 | 0.75000 |
Total | 2.7576 | 66 | 0.96174 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HU appropriateness to T C participants | Between Groups | (Combined) | 2.350 | 2 | 1.175 | 1.282 | 0.285 |
Within Groups | 57.771 | 63 | 0.917 | ||||
Total | 60.121 | 65 |
Participants | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 2.5714 | 42 | 1.08522 |
municipality | 2.2500 | 8 | 1.03510 |
specialist | 2.6250 | 16 | 1.20416 |
Total | 2.5455 | 66 | 1.09800 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HB reuse and P S investment participants | Between Groups | (Combined) | 0.828 | 2 | 0.414 | 0.336 | 0.716 |
Within Groups | 77.536 | 63 | 1.231 | ||||
Total | 78.364 | 65 |
Participants | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 2.4048 | 42 | 1.03734 |
municipality | 2.3750 | 8 | 1.40789 |
specialist | 2.5000 | 16 | 0.89443 |
Total | 2.4242 | 66 | 1.03865 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HB reuse and touristic D participants | Between Groups | (Combined) | 0.127 | 2 | 0.064 | 0.057 | 0.944 |
Within Groups | 69.994 | 63 | 1.111 | ||||
Total | 70.121 | 65 |
Participants | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 2.1190 | 42 | 0.96783 |
municipality | 2.1250 | 8 | 0.99103 |
specialist | 2.3125 | 16 | 0.79320 |
Total | 2.1667 | 66 | 0.92126 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HB reuse and job opportunities participants | Between Groups | (Combined) | 0.449 | 2 | 0.225 | 0.259 | 0.773 |
Within Groups | 54.717 | 63 | 0.869 | ||||
Total | 55.167 | 65 |
Participants | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 1.7143 | 42 | 0.80504 |
municipality | 2.1250 | 8 | 1.24642 |
specialist | 1.6250 | 16 | 0.71880 |
Total | 1.7424 | 66 | 0.84691 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HB reuse and improving V I participants | Between Groups | (Combined) | 1.425 | 2 | 0.712 | 0.993 | 0.376 |
Within Groups | 45.196 | 63 | 0.717 | ||||
Total | 46.621 | 65 |
Participants | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 2.4286 | 42 | 1.19231 |
municipality | 2.7500 | 8 | 1.66905 |
specialist | 2.5625 | 16 | 1.03078 |
Total | 2.5000 | 66 | 1.20576 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HB reuse and decreasing E P participants | Between Groups | (Combined) | 0.777 | 2 | 0.388 | 0.261 | 0.771 |
Within Groups | 93.723 | 63 | 1.488 | ||||
Total | 94.500 | 65 |
Participants | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 1.6905 | 42 | 0.74860 |
municipality | 1.7500 | 8 | 0.88641 |
specialist | 1.9375 | 16 | 0.68007 |
Total | 1.7576 | 66 | 0.74546 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HB reuse and developing clean F F projects participants | Between Groups | (Combined) | 0.708 | 2 | 0.354 | 0.629 | 0.536 |
Within Groups | 35.414 | 63 | 0.562 | ||||
Total | 36.121 | 65 |
References
- Farha, I.D.S.L. Deterioration in the centers of historic towns The case study: The residential environment for the ancient of Kut cit. Iraqi J. Archit. Eng. 2014, V, 10. [Google Scholar]
- Mohamed, D.H.I.L. Cairo: An Arab city transforming from Islamic urban planning to globalization. Cities 2021, 117, 103310. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al-Ban, A.Z.G. Architecture and Cultural Identity in the Traditional Homes of Jeddah; University of Colorado: Boulder, CO, USA, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Alzamil, W.S. Investment of Urban Heritage as an Approach to Support Produvtive Families in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Arabian Towns Journal; Springer: Berlin, Germany, 2018; pp. 30–90. [Google Scholar]
- UNESCO. Historic Jeddah, The Gate to Makkah. Available online: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1361/ (accessed on 10 January 2022).
- David Throsby, K.P. Heritage-led urban rehabilitation: Evaluation methods and an application in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. City Cult. Soc. 2021, 26, 100397. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bagader, M.A. The Evolution of Built Heritage Conservation Policies in Saudi Arabia between 1970 and 2015: The Case of Historic Jeddah; Manchester University, Faculty of Humanities: Manchester, UK, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Mohamed, I.; Elbelkasy, A.A.A. Investment of heritage festivals in urban heritage conservation case study (Jeddah historical festival). Umm Al-Qura Univ. J. Archit. Eng. 2020, 2. [Google Scholar]
- Jeddah Municipality. Historical Jeddah Journey of Past, Present and Future; The Saudi Commission of Tourism and National Heritage: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Municipality, J. Jeddah Development Plans; AECOM: Dallas, TX, USA, 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Elbelkasy, M.I.; AlSalafi, J.M.; Mahmoud, M.F. Reuse of historical buildings in the holy city of Makkah (case study selection guidelines). In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Structure, Repairs, Maintenance of Heritage Architecture Stremah 2015, A Coruna, Spain, 13–15 July 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Samaa Badawy, A.M.S. Sustainable urban heritage conservation strategies—Case study of historic Jeddah districts. In Cities’ Identity through Architecture and Arts; Taylor & Francis Group: London, UK, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- Robert Matthew, J.-M. Jeddah Historical Area Study; UNESCO: Paris, France, 1980. [Google Scholar]
- Mohamed, I.; Elbelkasy, M.M.I. Investment of Heritage Villages in Saudi Arabia: Case Study Al-Khubara Village in Qassim. In Conservation of Architectural Heritage, 2nd ed.; Versaci, A., Bougdah, H., Akagawa, N., Cavalagli, N., Eds.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2022. [Google Scholar]
- Journal, M.E. A project for developing the hub of Jeddah with 20 million dollars investment. Middle East J. 2021. Available online: https://www.arabnews.com/node/2031396/saudi-arabia (accessed on 10 January 2022).
- Mohamed, A.; Alhefnawi, M.; Wadee, M.J.I.; Al-Gehani, A. Reuse opportunities of buildings in the traditional areas of Saudi Arabia: Reality and expectation. Umm Al-Qura Univ. J. Eng. Archit. 2019, 10, 1–16. [Google Scholar]
- Elbelkasy, M.I. Touristic Investment of Heritage area an Approach to Heritage Conservation Sustainability (case study Sheikh Tawfiq house). In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference and Exhibition for Heritage Conservation, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, 14–16 February 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Jawhar, R. Urban Development Requirements of Historic Quarters to Achieve Sustainable Development a Case Study: Saffaheiye Quarter–Old City of Aleppo; Aleppo University: Aleppo, Syria, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Shehata, A.M. Current Trends in Urban Heritage Conservation: Medieval Historic Arab City Centers. Sustainability 2022, 14, 607. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rama, M. Investing in the Sense of Place: The Economics of Urban Upgrading Projects with a Cultural Dimension. In The Economics of Uniqueness: Investing in Historic City Cores and Cultural Heritage Assets for Sustainable Development; Guido Licciardi, R.A., Ed.; The World Bank: Washington, DC, USA, 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Elbelkasy, M.I. Investment of Heritage Environments; Noor Publishing: Saarbruchen, Germany, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Pickerill, T. Investment Leverage for Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5052. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheng, C.T.; Ling, G.H.T.; Gan, Y.S.; Wong, W.F.; Lai, K.S. Revisiting Investability of Heritage Properties through Indexation and Portfolio Frontier Analysis. Risks 2021, 9, 91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Salazar, S.D.S.; Marques, J.M. Valuing cultural heritage: The social benefits of restoring and old Arab tower. J. Cult. Herit. 2005, 6, 69–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Azmi, F.A.M.; Ismail, S.; Rahman, R.A.; Sabit, M.T.; Mohammad, J. A Sustainable Model for Heritage Property: An Integrative Conceptual Framework. Int. J. Eng. Technol. 2018, 7, 274–280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Al-Awsat, A.-S. Crown Prince Support 56 Heritage Buildings in Historical Jeddah. Alwatan Newspaper, 13 May 2019; 2019. [Google Scholar]
- Massoud, B. Patterns of Threshold Spaces in the Historical City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. In Proceedings of the Islamic Heritage Architecture and Art III, Online, 9–11 June 2020. [Google Scholar]
- Sahahiri, R.; Arrowsmith, C.; Alitany, A.A. Mapping the historical places: A case study of promoting tourism in Jeddah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cogent Arts Humanit. 2019, 6, 1691315. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Association Sauvegarde de la Medina de Tunis. The Rehabilitation of the Hafsia Quarter of the Medina of Tunis; Harvard University Graduate School of Design: Cambridge, MA, USA, 1999. [Google Scholar]
- Rutcosky, K. Adaptive Reuse as Sustainable Architecture in Contemporary Shanghai; Lund Unniversity: Lund, Sweden, 2007. [Google Scholar]
- Riganti, P. Smart Cities and Heritage Conservation: Developing a Smart Heritage Agenda for Sustainable Inclusive Communities. Int. J. Archit. Res. 2017, 11, 16–27. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Akram Ljla, T.B. The Sustainable Viability of Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings: The experiences of Two World Heritage Old Cities; Bethlehem in Palestine and Visby in Sweden. Int. Invent. J. Arts Soc. Sci. 2015, 2, 14. [Google Scholar]
Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid | local community | 42 | 63.6 | 63.6 | 63.6 |
municipality | 8 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 75.8 | |
specialist | 16 | 24.2 | 24.2 | 100.0 | |
Total | 66 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Participant | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 3.0952 | 42 | 1.16472 |
municipality | 2.8750 | 8 | 1.45774 |
specialist | 2.3125 | 16 | 1.13835 |
Total | 2.8788 | 66 | 1.22179 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
accept living in HB relation with participant | Between Groups | (Combined) | 7.099 | 2 | 3.549 | 2.486 | 0.091 |
Within Groups | 89.932 | 63 | 1.427 | ||||
Total | 97.030 | 65 |
Participants | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 1.8571 | 42 | 0.89909 |
municipality | 1.7500 | 8 | 1.03510 |
specialist | 1.7500 | 16 | 0.68313 |
Total | 1.8182 | 66 | 0.85771 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HB reuse and impact on E V for property participants | Between Groups | (Combined) | 0.175 | 2 | 0.088 | 0.116 | 0.891 |
Within Groups | 47.643 | 63 | 0.756 | ||||
Total | 47.818 | 65 |
Participants | Mean | N | Std. Deviation |
---|---|---|---|
local community | 2.8333 | 42 | 1.26716 |
municipality | 3.1250 | 8 | 1.55265 |
specialist | 2.6875 | 16 | 1.19548 |
Total | 2.8333 | 66 | 1.27199 |
Sum of Squares | df | Mean Square | F | Sig. | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
reducing cars increasing pedestrians participants | Between Groups | (Combined) | 1.021 | 2 | 0.510 | 0.309 | 0.735 |
Within Groups | 104.146 | 63 | 1.653 | ||||
Total | 105.167 | 65 |
Local Community | Municipality | Specialists | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Social aspect | Acceptance of living in heritage buildings | Accepting living in heritage building returns community appreciation for the heritage and pay attention to the historical Jeddah. | The municipality presents support to restoration projects and established historical festivals that support community acceptance. | The proposed project represents the solution to reuse this urban district, which helps specialists to support the project and sustainable development. |
Service efficiency | Services will be one of the attraction factors to the local community, which will help and sustain the proposed project. | A strategic plan should be prepared to raise the efficiency of services that are needed to sustain the conservation project. | Studding services should be integrated with the development project in Jeddah. | |
Appropriateness of heritage building spaces to the target community | Spaces, such as for car parking and private gardens, should be included in the buildings. | Current spaces are enough for the target community, but the building is suitable for one family according to community privacy. | ||
Urban space’s appropriateness to the lifestyle of the target community | Current urban spaces are enough for the target community, which was evident during the Jeddah historical festival, but some activities should be included in these urban spaces, which will help placemaking. | |||
Relationship between the resettlement project and development projects | The project is considered integrated with development projects in the region; therefore, services must be studied within the framework of this integration to achieve sustainability. | |||
Economic aspect | Real estate value before and after the proposed project | The project targeted classes that help raise the rental value and thus the value of the buildings. | The various uses) housing, services, touristic) that the project provides for the area helps to raise the real estate value. | |
Proposed project and encouraging investment | The project encourages investment at the famous and governmental levels, which helps to provide funding from multiple sources for projects. | Diversity of projects and funding sources sustains conservation operations in the area. | ||
Proposed project and economic impact on tourism development | The project helps to develop the area and thus encourage tourism, which will provide, in addition to identifying the urban heritage of the area, getting to know customs and traditions of the local community. | |||
the proposed project and Providing job opportunities | The project provides many job opportunities, whether during conservation or reuse projects or from touristic projects that are produced from conservation projects. | |||
Environmental aspect | improvement of the visual image | Restoration and reuse of heritage buildings will improve the visual image, in addition to changing the local community according to the proposed project. | ||
Control the levels of pollution | Pollution will be decreased due to energy consumption reduction and using roads as pedestrian paths. | |||
energy consumption control | Using buildings that are adequate for the Jeddah environment will decrease energy consumption. | |||
The efficiency of the current cleaning and firefighting system | The current project should be developed to be adequate for the proposed project. | The current project is adequate to municipality strategy and UNESCO requirements, but it should be improved in case of implementing new projects. |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
El-belkasy, M.I.; Wahieb, S.A. Sustainable Conservation and Reuse of Historical City Center Applied Study on Jeddah—Saudi Arabia. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095188
El-belkasy MI, Wahieb SA. Sustainable Conservation and Reuse of Historical City Center Applied Study on Jeddah—Saudi Arabia. Sustainability. 2022; 14(9):5188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095188
Chicago/Turabian StyleEl-belkasy, Mohamed Ibrahim, and Sahl Abdullah Wahieb. 2022. "Sustainable Conservation and Reuse of Historical City Center Applied Study on Jeddah—Saudi Arabia" Sustainability 14, no. 9: 5188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095188