Evaluation of the Circular Economy in a Pitahaya Agri-Food Chain
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Objectives
1.2. A Brief Description of Pitahaya
1.3. Description of the Stakeholders and the Productive Process of the Pitahaya Sector in Palora Canton, Ecuador
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Comparative Analysis of the Application of the Circular Economy to Other Agri-Food Chains
4.2. Prospects for Improving CE in the Pitahaya Sector’s Agri-Food Chain in Ecuador
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 4 | Year 5 | Year 6 | Year 7 | Year 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Land preparation | 585 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Planting | 1253 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Trellising | 1180 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Weed control | 660 | 720 | 720 | 720 | 720 | 720 | 720 | 720 |
Insect control | 140 | 540 | 1080 | 1080 | 1080 | 1080 | 1080 | 1080 |
Disease control | 150 | 600 | 840 | 840 | 840 | 840 | 840 | 840 |
Fertilization | 1340 | 2495 | 2960 | 2960 | 2960 | 2960 | 2960 | 2960 |
Pruning | 480 | 585 | 585 | 585 | 585 | 585 | 585 | 585 |
Harvesting | - | 75 | 750 | 750 | 750 | 750 | 750 | 750 |
Total cost | 5788 | 5015 | 6935 | 6935 | 6935 | 6935 | 6935 | 6935 |
No. | Criterion | Mean | SD | Min. | Median | Max. | Evaluation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Supply of materials/Raw materials | 1.66 | 0.16 | 1.42 | 1.72 | 1.83 | Low Level |
2 | Design | 1.99 | 0.15 | 1.85 | 1.93 | 2.2 | Low Level |
3 | Manufacturing | 2.57 | 0.13 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.75 | Medium Level |
4 | Business cycle | 2.44 | 0.14 | 2.3 | 2.45 | 2.6 | Medium Level |
5 | Distribution and sales (chain) | 1.72 | 0.17 | 1.45 | 1.75 | 1.9 | Low Level |
6 | Consumption and use (reuse of products) | 2.23 | 0.15 | 2 | 2.2 | 2.4 | Low Level |
7 | 4R | 2.13 | 0.12 | 2 | 2.1 | 2.3 | Low Level |
8 | Remanufacturing | 1.69 | 0.19 | 1.4 | 1.75 | 1.9 | Low Level |
9 | Sustainability | 2.78 | 0.11 | 2.65 | 2.75 | 2.95 | Medium Level |
No. | Criterion | Cocoa Chain, Mexico | Organic Cocoa, Manabí, Ecuador | Coconut Chain, Manabí | Banana Chain, Manabí | Pitahaya, Ecuador |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | [31] | [37] | [31] | [38] | This work | |
1 | Source or supply | 2.54 | 2.06 | 1.09 | 2.63 | 1.72 |
2 | Design | 2.25 | 2.69 | 1.40 | 2.88 | 1.93 |
3 | Manufacturing | 2.80 | 1.30 | 1.81 | 2.83 | 2.60 |
4 | Business cycle | 3.50 | 2.00 | 2.39 | 2.68 | 2.45 |
5 | Distribution and sales | 3.23 | 2.98 | 1.39 | 2.72 | 1.75 |
6 | Consumption and use | 3.22 | 1.19 | 1.46 | 2.66 | 2.20 |
7 | 4R | 2.94 | 1.64 | 1.30 | 2.69 | 2.10 |
8 | Remanufacturing | 2.80 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 2.93 | 1.75 |
9 | Sustainability | 3.50 | 4.03 | 2.21 | 2.94 | 2.75 |
- | Total (9 indicators) | 2.98 | 2.10 | 1.56 | 2.77 | 2.14 |
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Diéguez-Santana, K.; Sarduy-Pereira, L.B.; Sablón-Cossío, N.; Bautista-Santos, H.; Sánchez-Galván, F.; Ruíz Cedeño, S.d.M. Evaluation of the Circular Economy in a Pitahaya Agri-Food Chain. Sustainability 2022, 14, 2950. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052950
Diéguez-Santana K, Sarduy-Pereira LB, Sablón-Cossío N, Bautista-Santos H, Sánchez-Galván F, Ruíz Cedeño SdM. Evaluation of the Circular Economy in a Pitahaya Agri-Food Chain. Sustainability. 2022; 14(5):2950. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052950
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiéguez-Santana, Karel, Liliana B. Sarduy-Pereira, Neyfe Sablón-Cossío, Horacio Bautista-Santos, Fabiola Sánchez-Galván, and Sebastiana del Monserrate Ruíz Cedeño. 2022. "Evaluation of the Circular Economy in a Pitahaya Agri-Food Chain" Sustainability 14, no. 5: 2950. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052950