The Spatial Spillover Effect and Its Impact on Tourism Development in a Megacity in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Study Area, Data and Methodology
3.1. Study Area
3.2. Research Methodology and Data Sources
3.2.1. Research Methodology
3.2.2. Data Derived from Indicator Descriptions
4. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Tourism Development in Beijing
4.1. Spatial Differences in Tourism Development
4.1.1. Analysis of Coefficient of Variation
4.1.2. Local Variation in Tourist Visits
4.2. The Spatial Relevance of Tourism Development
4.2.1. Global Autocorrelation Analysis
4.2.2. Local Indicators of Spatial Association Analysis of Spatial Local Correlations
5. Exploring the Influence Mechanism of Tourism Development in Beijing
5.1. Identifying Influencing Factors
5.2. Results and Analysis
5.2.1. Factor Detection Results
5.2.2. Interaction Detection Results
6. Discussion
6.1. Spatial Form of Tourism Development at the Micro Scale
6.2. The Spatial Pattern of Tourism Development Is an Important Factor to Promote the Change in Urban Spatial Pattern
6.3. Tourism Resource Endowment Is No Longer an Important Factor Affecting the Development of Urban Tourism
6.4. Research Limitations
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall districts | 1.195 | 1.201 | 1.201 | 1.202 | 1.207 | 1.214 | 1.217 | 1.226 | 1.237 | 1.217 |
Core districts | 0.190 | 0.210 | 0.210 | 0.220 | 0.230 | 0.230 | 0.230 | 0.230 | 0.060 | 0.050 |
Urban function expansion districts | 0.830 | 0.830 | 0.810 | 0.820 | 0.860 | 0.860 | 0.870 | 0.880 | 0.830 | 0.740 |
New urban development districts | 0.480 | 0.470 | 0.470 | 0.450 | 0.430 | 0.410 | 0.390 | 0.390 | 0.280 | 0.280 |
Ecological conservation districts | 0.337 | 0.309 | 0.305 | 0.293 | 0.287 | 0.316 | 0.321 | 0.333 | 0.379 | 0.420 |
Year | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Date | 0.375 | 0.381 | 0.398 | 0.399 | 0.397 | 0.387 | 0.391 | 0.388 | 0.413 | 0.426 |
Influence Factor | Indicator Source | Index Measure | Data Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Tourism factor inputs | Tourism resources (X1) | Tourism resource endowment | The official website of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism |
Tourism labor (X2) | The number of tertiary sector employees. | Beijing Districts Statistical Yearbook | |
Tourism reception facilities | Tourism infrastructure (X3, X4) | The number of star-rated hotels | The official website of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Culture and Tourism |
The number of travel agencies | |||
Urban development level | Level of economic development (X5) | GRP | Beijing Districts Statistical Yearbook |
Level of urbanization (X6) | The urban population/the total resident population | ||
Degree of openness (X7) | The amount of actually utilized foreign capital |
X1 | X2 | X3 | X4 | X5 | X6 | X7 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 0.248 | 0.636 ** | 0.969 *** | 0.916 *** | 0.714 ** | 0.555 * | 0.661 |
2011 | 0.414 | 0.811 ** | 0.892 *** | 0.871 ** | 0.693 ** | 0.550 * | 0.794 * |
2012 | 0.514 | 0.806 ** | 0.959 *** | 0.870 *** | 0.639 * | 0.558 * | 0.650 |
2013 | 0.331 | 0.806 ** | 0.959 *** | 0.875 *** | 0.688 ** | 0.555 * | 0.801 * |
2014 | 0.431 | 0.790 ** | 0.962 *** | 0.887 *** | 0.667 * | 0.532 | 0.233 |
2015 | 0.482 | 0.798 ** | 0.966 *** | 0.909 *** | 0.635 * | 0.528 | 0.629 |
2016 | 0.465 | 0.788 ** | 0.857 *** | 0.897 *** | 0.627 * | 0.520 | 0.626 |
2017 | 0.455 | 0.788 ** | 0.854 *** | 0.899 *** | 0.629 * | 0.515 | 0.764 |
2018 | 0.513 | 0.786 ** | 0.968 *** | 0.862 *** | 0.761 ** | 0.513 * | 0.543 |
2019 | 0.415 | 0.823 *** | 0.963 *** | 0.692 | 0.756 ** | 0.614 * | 0.476 |
Reciprocal Factor | q | Type | Reciprocal Factor | q | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
X2∩X3 | 0.989 | BE | X3∩X7 | 0.997 | BE |
X2∩X4 | 0.996 | BE | X4∩X5 | 0.839 | BE |
X2∩X5 | 0.997 | BE | X4∩X6 | 0.827 | BE |
X2∩X6 | 0.989 | BE | X4∩X7 | 0.946 | BE |
X2∩X7 | 0.998 | BE | X5∩X6 | 0.834 | BE |
X3∩X4 | 0.879 | BE | X5∩X7 | 0.790 | BE |
X3∩X5 | 0.890 | BE | X6∩X7 | 0.940 | BE |
X3∩X6 | 0.879 | BE |
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Cao, Y.; Liu, J. The Spatial Spillover Effect and Its Impact on Tourism Development in a Megacity in China. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159188
Cao Y, Liu J. The Spatial Spillover Effect and Its Impact on Tourism Development in a Megacity in China. Sustainability. 2022; 14(15):9188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159188
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Yajun, and Jianguo Liu. 2022. "The Spatial Spillover Effect and Its Impact on Tourism Development in a Megacity in China" Sustainability 14, no. 15: 9188. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159188