Patterns of Human–Brown Bear Conflict in the Urban Area of Brașov, Romania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Decrease in Forest Areas
3.2. Identification, Mapping, and Spatial Analysis of HBCs and Garbage Containers in Brașov
3.3. HBC: People Killed or Injured, 2004–2018
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Districts/Cases of HBC | Altitude (m) | Distances from the Forest Edge of HBC (m) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Min | Mean | Max | Mean ± SD | Min | Mean | Max | Mean ± SD | |
Răcădău Four located on the forest edge Only one inside the forest | 600 | 641.8 | 690 | 634.6 ± 23 | 100 | 235.2 | 700 | 881.8 ± 437.5 |
Historic Centre Four located on the forest edge Five inside the forest | 580 | 659.4 | 790 | 635.7 ± 22.5 | 100 | 280 | 700 | 1240 ± 520 |
Noua Only one on the forest edge Only one inside the forest | 610 | 635 | 650 | 612.5 ± 21.6 | 100 | 483.3 | 1000 | 825 ± 352.6 |
Gară | 600 | 633.3 | 630 | 610 ± 8.1 | 2000 | 2266.7 | 2600 | 2216.6 ± 271.8 |
Districts/Garbage Containers | Altitude (m) | Distances from the Forest Edge of Garbage Containers (m) | ||||||
Mean ± SD | Min | Mean | Max | Mean ± SD | ||||
Răcădău—13 (42%) Five located on the forest edge | 630 | 634.6 | 650 | 634.6 ± 23 | 100 | 212.5 | 300 | 800 ± 429.6 |
Historic Centre—11 (35.5%) Three located on the forest edge Two inside the forest | 600 | 611 | 650 | 635.7 ± 22.5 | 700 | 840 | 900 | 457.1 ± 206 |
Noua—7 (22.5%) Only one on the forest edge | 610 | 638.5 | 650 | 645.4 ± 49.7 | 100 | 240 | 500 | 1363.6 ± 839.1 |
Gară—no garbage containers | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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Cimpoca, A.; Voiculescu, M. Patterns of Human–Brown Bear Conflict in the Urban Area of Brașov, Romania. Sustainability 2022, 14, 7833. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137833
Cimpoca A, Voiculescu M. Patterns of Human–Brown Bear Conflict in the Urban Area of Brașov, Romania. Sustainability. 2022; 14(13):7833. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137833
Chicago/Turabian StyleCimpoca, Alina, and Mircea Voiculescu. 2022. "Patterns of Human–Brown Bear Conflict in the Urban Area of Brașov, Romania" Sustainability 14, no. 13: 7833. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137833