When Scent Becomes a Weapon—Plant Essential Oils as Potent Bioinsecticides
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Insects as the Super-Pests of Modern Agriculture
3. The Chemical Teeter: Plant-Based Alternatives for Insecticidal Chemicals
4. Scent That Can Hurt—Essential Oils as Insecticides
5. Mechanisms of Neurotoxic Insecticidal Activity of the Essential Oils—How EOs Conquer the Battlefield in the Targeted Insect Pests
5.1. Inhibitors of Acetylcholinesterase
5.2. Alternant of GABA Receptors
5.3. Ligands of Octopamine Receptors
6. The Future Is Here—New Technologies for EO-Based Insecticide Application
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant Species | Insects | Major EO Constituents | Lethal (LC50) and Inhibition * (IC50 *) Concentrations | Ref. No |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cephalotaxus sinensis | Megoura japonica | α-Pinene | 8.82 mg/L 6.74 mg/L 7.35 mg/L 3.57 mg/L | [31] |
Plutella xylostella | β-Caryophyllene | |||
Sitophilus zeamais | Germacrene D | |||
Brassica nigra | Sitophilus zeamais | Allyl isothiocyanate | 6.19 µL/L (larvae) 7.01 µL/L (adults) | [42] |
/ | Thymol | 189.7; 28.5; 290.8 µg/larva 462.4; 85.5; 431.5 µg/larva 412.1; 126.6; 406.8 µg/larva 409.7; 64.3; 378.6 µg/larva 550.3; 55.7; 414.7 µg/larva | [43] | |
Chilo partellus | Linalool | |||
Spodoptera litura | 1,8-Cineole | |||
Helicoverpa armigera | trans-Anethole | |||
Carvacrol | ||||
/ | Ephestia kuehniella | α-Pinene | 0.864 μL/mL * 0.490 μL/mL * 0.137 μL/mL * | [44] |
trans-Anethole | ||||
Thymol | ||||
Lippia sidoides | Sitophilus zeamais | EO mix | 35.48 to 118.29 μL/L air | [45] |
Thymol | 65.00 to 91.23 μL/L air | |||
p-Cymene | 801.24 to 2188.83 μL/L air | |||
Thymus vulgaris | Aedes aegypti | Thymol, p-Cymene | 45.73 mg/mL | [32] |
Salvia officinalis | 1,8-Cineol, α-Thujone | 76.43 mg/mL | ||
Lippia origanoides | Limonene, p-Cymene, α-Phellandrene | 53.79 mg/mL | ||
Eucalyptus globulus | Thymol, p-Cymene | 92.55 mg/mL | ||
Cymbopogon nardus | 1,8-Cineol | 75.85 mg/mL | ||
Cymbopogon martinii | Citronellal, Citronellol, Geraniol | 114.65 mg/mL | ||
Lippia alba | Geraniol | 72.34 mg/mL | ||
Pelargonium graveolens | Carrvone, Limonene, Citronellol | 108.96 mg/mL | ||
Thymus alternans | (E)-Nerolidol, Linalool, Germacrene D | 156.3 mg/L 103.7 mg/L 221.1 mg/L | [46] | |
Spodoptera littoralis, Musca domestica, Culex quinquefasciatus | ||||
Teucrium montanum subsp. jailae | Germacrene D, (E)-Caryophyllene | 56.7 mg/L 154.9 mg/L 180.5 mg/L | ||
Allium sativum | Diallyl disulfide, Diallyl trisulfide | 0.64% | ||
Cumimum cyminum | Cuminaldehyde γ-Terpinene, p-Cymene | 3.05% | ||
Eucalyptus citriodora | β-Pinene | 2.98% | ||
Eucalyptus dives | Citronellal | 2.03% | ||
Gaultheria procumbens | Piperitone, α-Phellandrene Methyl salicylate | 1.59% | ||
Illicum verum | trans-Anethole | 3.02% | ||
Lavandulla hybrida super | Linalool, Linalyl acetate | 3.41% | ||
Melaleuca alternifolia | Terpinene-4-ol, γ-Terpinene | 2.86% | ||
Mentha arvensis | Menthol | 2.27% | ||
Myristica fragrans | Sitophilus granaries | α-Pinene, α-Thujene, Sabinene, β-Pinene | 3.40% | [47] |
Ocimum bassilicum spp. basilicum | Estragol, Linalool | 3.14% | ||
Ocimum sanctum | Eugenol, β-Caryophyllene, Methyl eugenol | 1.77% | ||
Origanum majorana | α-Pinene, 1,8-Cineole, Camphor, Camphene | 3.04% | ||
Rosmarinus officinalis CT camphor | α-Pinene, 1,8-Cineole, Camphor, Camphene | 3.72% | ||
Thymus vulgaris CT geraniol | Geraniol, Geranyl acetate | 2.90% | ||
Carlina acaulis root | Musca domestica | Carlina oxide | 2.74 µL (male) 5.96 µL (female) | [48] |
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Devrnja, N.; Milutinović, M.; Savić, J. When Scent Becomes a Weapon—Plant Essential Oils as Potent Bioinsecticides. Sustainability 2022, 14, 6847. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116847
Devrnja N, Milutinović M, Savić J. When Scent Becomes a Weapon—Plant Essential Oils as Potent Bioinsecticides. Sustainability. 2022; 14(11):6847. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116847
Chicago/Turabian StyleDevrnja, Nina, Milica Milutinović, and Jelena Savić. 2022. "When Scent Becomes a Weapon—Plant Essential Oils as Potent Bioinsecticides" Sustainability 14, no. 11: 6847. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116847