From Coopetition to Hyper-Coopetition: Focusing on a New Paradigm of Heterogeneous Organizational Relationship in the High-Tech Industry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- RQ 1: How does hyper-coopetition differ from traditional coopetition?
- RQ 2: What triggers the formation of hyper-coopetition in the high-tech industry and how it works?
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Background of a Company’s Pursuit of Coopetition
2.2. The Rise of Hyper-Coopetition in High-Tech Industry
2.3. A Priori Construct of Hyper-Coopetition in the High-Tech Industry
2.3.1. Antecedents
2.3.2. Process
3. Research Method
4. Hyper-Coopetition of Chipmakers
4.1. Hyper-Coopetition Typology of Intel, Nvidia, and Samsung
4.2. Antecedents and Processes of Hyper-Coopetition in the Semiconductor Industry
5. Conclusions and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Case ID | Partnering Companies | Business Category | Target Fields of Hyper-Coopetition | Relevant Resources and Capabilities | Organizational Separation | Relationship with Partners | Hyper- Coopetition Type | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intel-1 | Autonomous driving consortium | BMW | Car makers | Autonomous driving platform | Computing power, sensor, platform | High | Vertical | II |
Magna | Tier 1 suppliers | |||||||
Continental | Tier 1 suppliers | |||||||
Delphi | Tier 1 suppliers | |||||||
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles | Car makers | |||||||
Intel-2 | Habtoor | Car dealers | Robotaxis, Driverless MaaS | Sensor | High | Horizontal | I | |
Intel-3 | HERE | Mapping companies | Real-time updates of HD maps | Computing power, sensor, connectivity, algorithm | High | Horizontal | I | |
Intel-4 | Itseez | Software companies | Computer vision technology | Algorithm | Low | Horizontal | IV | |
Intel-5 | Luminar Technologies | Sensor companies | Autonomous vehicle solutions | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Intel-6 | Mapbox | Mapping companies | Maps for autonomous vehicles | Platform | High | Horizontal | I | |
Intel-7 | Mobileye | Tier 1 suppliers | Car-to-cloud systems | Computing power, platform, connectivity | Low | Vertical | III | |
Intel-8 | Mobileye, Volkswagen | Tier 1 suppliers, Car makers | Autonomous driving vehicle | Platform, navigating tech | High | Vertical | II | |
Intel-9 | Moovit | Mapping companies | Driverless MaaS | Platform, navigating tech | Low | Horizontal | IV | |
Intel-10 | NavInfo | Mapping companies | Driverless MaaS | Platform | High | Horizontal | I | |
Intel-11 | NIO | Car makers | Autonomous driving vehicle | Computing power, sensor, platform, navigating tech | High | Vertical | II | |
Intel-12 | SAIC Motor | Car makers | Autonomous driving vehicle | Computing power, sensor, platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Intel-13 | SK Telecom | Communication services | Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) | Algorithm | High | Horizontal | I | |
Intel-14 | Toyota | Car makers | In-vehicle infotainment | Computing power | High | Vertical | II | |
Intel-15 | Transdev Autonomous Transport System, Lohr Group | Mobility services | Autonomous driving shuttle | Platform | High | Horizontal | I | |
Intel-16 | Volkswagen, Champion Motors | Car makers, Car dealers | Driverless MaaS | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Intel-17 | Warner Bros | Entertainment companies | In-vehicle Entertainment | Computing power | High | Horizontal | I | |
Intel-18 | Waymo | Car makers | Autonomous driving technology | Computing power, connectivity | High | Vertical | II | |
Intel-19 | Willer | Mobility services | Robotaxis | Platform | High | Horizontal | I | |
Intel-20 | Yogitech | Semiconductor design and verification | Functional security capability | Computing power | Low | Horizontal | IV | |
vidia-1 | Audi | Car makers | Autonomous driving technology, 3D navigation system | Computing power, platform, algorithm | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-2 | Aurora | Software companies | Autonomous driving platform | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-3 | Baidu | Internet services | Autonomous driving platform, autonomous driving vehicle software | Platform, algorithm | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-4 | BMW | Car makers | Infotainment system | Computing power | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-5 | Bosch | Tier 1 suppliers | Autonomous driving platform | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-6 | Bosch, Daimler | Tier 1 suppliers | Autonomous driving pilot program, autonomous driving taxis | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-7 | Continental | Tier 1 suppliers | Autonomous driving platform | Platform, algorithm | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-8 | DHL | Courier | Autonomous delivery trucks | Platform | High | Horizontal | I | |
Nvidia-9 | Didi Chuxing | Mobility services | Autonomous driving technology, 360 degree surround perception | Computing power, platform, algorithm | High | Horizontal | I | |
Nvidia-10 | Elektrobit | Software companies | Autonomous driving platform | Platform | High | Horizontal | I | |
Nvidia-11 | HERE | Mapping companies | HD live map | Navigating tech | High | Horizontal | I | |
Nvidia-12 | Hyundai Motors | Car makers | In-vehicle infotainment system | Platform, algorithm | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-13 | Li Auto, Desay SV | Tier 1 suppliers | Autonomous driving program design, algorithms/autonomous domain controller | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-14 | Mercedes-Benz | Car makers | Autonomous driving platform, on-the-air software updates, AI computing infrastructure | Platform, algorithm | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-15 | Paccar | Car makers | Autonomous driving trucks | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-16 | SK Telecom | Communication services | Autonomous driving technology, 3D HD map | Platform, algorithm | High | Horizontal | I | |
Nvidia-17 | Tesla | Car makers | In-car display | Computing power | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-18 | TomTom | Mapping companies | Real-time in-vehicle localization, cloud-to-car mapping system | Platform, algorithm | High | Horizontal | I | |
Nvidia-19 | Toyota | Car makers | Autonomous driving platform | Platform, algorithm | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-20 | Unity Technologies | Software companies | Autonomous driving platform | Navigating tech | High | Horizontal | I | |
Nvidia-21 | VinFast | Car makers | Autonomous driving electric vehicle | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-22 | Volvo | Car makers | Autonomous driving vehicle, Automotive software, 360 degree surround perception | Platform, algorithm | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-23 | Volkswagen | Car makers | Cockpit, intelligent copilot applications | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-24 | XPENG Motors | Car makers | Autonomous driving software platform | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-25 | Zenrin | Mapping companies | Digital map | Navigating tech | High | Horizontal | I | |
Nvidia-26 | ZF | Tire 1 suppliers | Autonomous driving platform | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Nvidia-27 | ZF, Hella | Tier 1 suppliers | Autonomous driving platform | Platform | High | Vertical | II | |
Samsung-1 | Harman International | Tier 1 suppliers | In-vehicle infotainment, digital cockpit | Computing power, connectivity, automotive electronics | Low | Horizontal | IV |
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Sources | Description | Number of Articles | Measured Data | How to Measure Data |
---|---|---|---|---|
Corporate websites | Companies’ official websites that provide articles on corporate policies and major achievements through a so-called newsroom menu. | 61 | Antecedents, processes, and typology |
|
Factiva | A global news database operated by Dow Jones & Company. Factiva’s strength lies in the vast amount of data because it provides data from more than 32,000 sources, such as newspapers and magazines. | 133 | ||
CNET | A renowned American website that offers industry news, technology articles, and product reviews with a focus on the electronics market. | 53 | ||
EE Times | An industry-specific news media outlet owned by AspenCore Media. EE Times provides news and analysis of the latest technology in the electronics industry. | 23 |
Antecedents and Processes | Intel | Nvidia | Samsung | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Antecedents | Pressures for innovation | Medium | High | High |
Sensing new opportunities | High | High | High | |
Pursuit of competitive advantage | High | High | High | |
Pursuit of leveraging external resources | High | Low | High | |
Positive partnering experience with other companies | Low | Medium | Low | |
Co-development | High | High | High | |
Process | Utilizing/Acquiring a partner’s resources and capabilities | High | Low | High |
Leveraging a partner’s market power | Medium | High | High |
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Moon, S.; Yoon, C.; Park, C. From Coopetition to Hyper-Coopetition: Focusing on a New Paradigm of Heterogeneous Organizational Relationship in the High-Tech Industry. Sustainability 2022, 14, 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010440
Moon S, Yoon C, Park C. From Coopetition to Hyper-Coopetition: Focusing on a New Paradigm of Heterogeneous Organizational Relationship in the High-Tech Industry. Sustainability. 2022; 14(1):440. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010440
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoon, Seungyeon, Changhee Yoon, and Changhyun Park. 2022. "From Coopetition to Hyper-Coopetition: Focusing on a New Paradigm of Heterogeneous Organizational Relationship in the High-Tech Industry" Sustainability 14, no. 1: 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010440
APA StyleMoon, S., Yoon, C., & Park, C. (2022). From Coopetition to Hyper-Coopetition: Focusing on a New Paradigm of Heterogeneous Organizational Relationship in the High-Tech Industry. Sustainability, 14(1), 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010440