The Role of GI Products or Local Products in the Environment—Consumer Awareness and Preferences in Albania, Bulgaria and Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. The Importance of Local and Regional Products for the Economy and Environment on Micro and Macro Scales—Literature Review
2.2. The Concept of Local Products in Albania, Bulgaria and Poland
3. Materials and Methods
4. Results
4.1. Territorial Correlations of Demand for GI Products and Consequences on the Environment
4.2. Relationships between the Consumer Preference for Local Products and Different Consumer Characteristics
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Attributes of the Local Food | Authors | Impact: Environmental, Economic, Social | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Poland | Bulgaria | ||
Traditional product | Bombaj et al., 2016 [52] Haas et al., 2021 [53] | Dąbrowska 2018 [54] Małecki and Sołowiej 2019 [55] Hełdak et al., 2020 [56] | Boshnakov 2016 [57] Mishev and Valcheva 2005 [58] Stankov and Fidan 2019 [59] Pashova 2020 [60] | Economic, social |
PDO, PGI | Medolli et al., 2016 [61] Imami et al., 2016 [62] Kokthi and Kruja 2017 [63] Cela et al., 2019 [64] | Borowska 2010 [65] Bryła 2017 [66] Barska and Wojciechowska -Solis 2018 [67] Majewski and Malak-Rawlikowska 2019 [68] | Ivanova et al., 2014 [69] Kazakova 2017 [70] | Economic, social |
Organic food | Driouech et al., 2013 [71] Skreli et al., 2017 [72] Kokthi et al., 2021 [73] | Grzelak and Maciejczak 2013 [74] Kuboń and Olech 2018 [75] Majewski and Malak-Rawlikowska 2019 [76] Bórawski et al., 2021 [77] | Vasileva et al., 2019 [78] | Environmental, Economic, Social |
Touristic product | Holland 2000 [79] Çani 2013 [80] Brokaj 2014 [81] | Niemczyk 2014 [82] Jȩczmyk et al., 2015 [83] Ozimek et al., 2017 [84] Nowak & Bogusz 2018 [85] Sanetra and Sanetra-Półgrabi 2019 [86] Niedbała et al., 2020 [87] | Stankov et al., 2019 [88] Lulcheva 2020 [89] | Environmental, Economic, Social |
Environment protection | Kushi 2011 [90] Bashi 2015 [91] Olli 2017 [92] | Woś 1995 [93] Zegar 2003 [94] Niezgoda 2004 [95] Krasowicz 2008 [96] Kapera 2018 [97] Wąs et al., 2021 [98] | Peneva and Kazakova-Mateva 2015 [99] Dzhabarova and Peneva 2017 [100] Lulcheva and Arseniou 2018 [101] | Environmental, Economic, Social |
Slow food | Muca and Zene 2020 [102] | Farelnik 2020 [103] | Yotova 2018 [104] | Economic, social |
Ethnocentrism | Brucaj 2020 [105] | Siemieniako et al., 2011 [106] | Noev 2005 [107] | Economic |
Details | Country | ||
---|---|---|---|
Albania | Bulgaria | Poland | |
Gender | |||
female | 76 | 71 | 76 |
male | 24 | 29 | 24 |
Age | |||
20 years old or less | 17 | 7 | 36 |
21–30 years old | 115 | 41 | 116 |
31–45 years old | 78 | 113 | 101 |
45–60 years old | 40 | 67 | 40 |
over 60 years old | 13 | 28 | 7 |
Family status | |||
Single | 158 | 75 | 162 |
Married | 103 | 142 | 125 |
Other | 2 | 39 | 13 |
Number of children younger than 15 | |||
no children | 155 | 149 | 159 |
1 | 61 | 65 | 75 |
2 | 39 | 29 | 49 |
3 or more | 8 | 13 | 17 |
Net income per household | |||
300 EUR or less | 45 | 36 | 17 |
301–600 EUR | 100 | 94 | 58 |
601–1000 EUR | 77 | 90 | 83 |
more than 1000 EUR | 41 | 36 | 142 |
Education | |||
Higher (university) | 237 | 173 | 179 |
Secondary (high school) | 23 | 46 | 118 |
Other | 3 | 37 | 3 |
Place of living | |||
Large town/city | 177 | 186 | 161 |
Small or middle-sized town | 53 | 48 | 58 |
Rural area or village | 33 | 22 | 81 |
Understanding the Definitions | Countries | ||
---|---|---|---|
Albania | Bulgaria | Poland | |
very well | 32 | 32 | 35 |
to some extent | 38 | 36 | 37 |
not sure | 31 | 32 | 29 |
Consumer Preferences and Alternatives | Country | Pearson Chi-Square Statistic | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Bulgaria | Poland | |||
Awareness of the production system (conventional, organic, eco-friendly etc.) from which products are sourced | Most of the time | 43% | 25% | 31% | 28,414 |
Some of the time | 37% | 41% | 34% | ||
Hardly ever or never | 20% | 34% | 35% | ||
Food and agricultural policy for regional (GI) products is | Of too much importance | 19% | 7% | 2% | 92,371 |
Just about the right level of importance | 5% | 28% | 28% | ||
Of not enough importance | 76% | 65% | 70% | ||
Additional price premium that would be accepted to pay for products sourced from regional (GI) items from production system | No additional price | 42% | 17% | 15% | 116,305 |
Additional 5% more | 30% | 18% | 32% | ||
Additional 10% more | 24% | 45% | 45% | ||
Additional 25% more | 5% | 21% | 8% |
Country | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Bulgaria | Poland | ||
Directly from the farmer/producer/processor through farmers’ markets | 52% | 31% | 41% | 41% |
Farmers’ own store(s) (or store(s) with direct delivery from farmers) | 43% | 29% | 30% | 34% |
Sales from the farm itself | 30% | 15% | 52% | 33% |
Retail chains and other | 19% | 37% | 35% | 30% |
Directly from the farmer/producer/processor through festivals, fairs, sports, holidays | 11% | 23% | 34% | 23% |
Restaurants or shops | 9% | 17% | 18% | 15% |
Directly from the farmer/producer/processor through Internet orders and delivery schemes | 6% | 20% | 16% | 14% |
Consumer cooperatives, including community supported agriculture | 6% | 6% | 5% | 5% |
Total number of respondents = 100% | 263 | 256 | 300 | 819 |
Country | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Bulgaria | Poland | ||
Farms and places where products are offered are too far away | 24% | 39% | 47% | 37% |
They are expensive | 14% | 21% | 57% | 32% |
I/my relatives produce | 19% | 18% | 26% | 21% |
Missing on the market | 29% | 29% | 4% | 20% |
Reduced control of sanitary and hygienic requirements | 28% | 9% | 17% | 18% |
I am not satisfied with the quality for the price I pay | 10% | 13% | 13% | 12% |
I’m not interested | 5% | 5% | 11% | 7% |
I do not trust direct sales from farmers | 11% | 4% | 5% | 6% |
Total number of respondents = 100% | 263 | 256 | 300 | 819 |
Country | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Bulgaria | Poland | ||
Fresh fruit and vegetables | 60% | 43% | 77% | 61% |
Honey | 54% | 39% | 72% | 56% |
Milk and dairy products | 50% | 50% | 57% | 53% |
Meat and meat products | 47% | 39% | 43% | 43% |
Tea/herbs/spices | 31% | 23% | 16% | 23% |
Canned fruit and vegetables (juices, nectars, jams, other canned food) | 15% | 20% | 26% | 21% |
Total number of respondents = 100% | 263 | 256 | 300 | 819 |
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Muça, E.; Pomianek, I.; Peneva, M. The Role of GI Products or Local Products in the Environment—Consumer Awareness and Preferences in Albania, Bulgaria and Poland. Sustainability 2022, 14, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010004
Muça E, Pomianek I, Peneva M. The Role of GI Products or Local Products in the Environment—Consumer Awareness and Preferences in Albania, Bulgaria and Poland. Sustainability. 2022; 14(1):4. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010004
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuça, Etleva, Iwona Pomianek, and Mariya Peneva. 2022. "The Role of GI Products or Local Products in the Environment—Consumer Awareness and Preferences in Albania, Bulgaria and Poland" Sustainability 14, no. 1: 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010004
APA StyleMuça, E., Pomianek, I., & Peneva, M. (2022). The Role of GI Products or Local Products in the Environment—Consumer Awareness and Preferences in Albania, Bulgaria and Poland. Sustainability, 14(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010004