Driving Innovation through Energy Efficiency: A Russian Regional Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Relationships between Energy Efficiency and Innovations
3. Energy Efficiency and Innovation in the Russian Economy
4. Energy Intensity
5. Innovation in the Energy Sector in Russia
6. Measures and Methods.
6.1. Energy Efficiency Indicators
6.2. Innovation Indicators
7. The Role of Energy Efficiency in Socio-Economic Development of Russian Regions
8. Regional Policies Supporting Innovation in Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving
9. Conclusions and Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Federal Districts | Russian Regions | Energy-Resource Efficiency According to Interfax in 2015, % | Share of Internal Costs for Research and Development in GRP, % | Innovative Activity of Organizations, % of Total Number of Organizations Surveyed | Share of High-Tech and High-Tech Industries in GRP, % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central Federal district | Belgorod Region | 111.9 | 0.29 | 12.7 | 10.4 |
Bryansk Region | 100.5 | 0.17 | 7.7 | 20.3 | |
Vladimir Region | 121.2 | 1.11 | 11.2 | 27.2 | |
Voronezh Region | 107.2 | 0.90 | 11.0 | 18.3 | |
Ivanovo Region | 121.0 | 0.43 | 4.4 | 22.1 | |
Kaluga Region | 106.6 | 3.17 | 10.9 | 35.8 | |
Kostroma Region | 121.3 | 0.06 | 8.2 | 17.1 | |
Kursk Region | 111.3 | 1.17 | 7.3 | 18.3 | |
Lipetsk Region | 105.8 | 0.07 | 20.0 | 11.6 | |
Moscow Region | 123.3 | 3.84 | 8.0 | 23.7 | |
Orel Region | 116.8 | 0.22 | 9.6 | 18.8 | |
Ryazan Region | 112.1 | 0.50 | 12.7 | 22.1 | |
Smolensk Region | 93.1 | 0.45 | 7.3 | 21.5 | |
Tambov Region | 94.9 | 0.83 | 9.6 | 15.9 | |
Tver Region | 102.7 | 1.35 | 7.9 | 21.0 | |
Tula Region | 122.2 | 0.76 | 12.9 | 36.7 | |
Yaroslavl Region | 100.20 | 1.40 | 8.7 | 24.3 | |
Moscow | 112.6 | 2.33 | 19.7 | 19.2 | |
Volga-region Federal District | Republic of Bashkortostan | 101.0 | 0.66 | 9.1 | 20.4 |
Republic of Mari El | 108.9 | 0.10 | 8.3 | 24.2 | |
Republic of Mordovia | 103.4 | 0.57 | 16.6 | 21.1 | |
Republic of Tatarstan | 116.7 | 0.73 | 20.5 | 19.2 | |
Udmurtian Republic | 111.7 | 0.23 | 10.2 | 23.8 | |
Chechen Republic | 111.7 | 0.65 | 24.0 | 28.3 | |
Perm Territory | 95.1 | 1.21 | 10.5 | 29.1 | |
Kirov Region | 100.7 | 0.54 | 9.8 | 28.4 | |
Nizhny Novgorod Region | 132.4 | 5.75 | 13.5 | 29.3 | |
Orenburg Region | 93.3 | 0.08 | 10.8 | 11.8 | |
Penza Region | 112.4 | 1.18 | 14.7 | 23.0 | |
Samara Region | 105.3 | 1.27 | 5.0 | 26.2 | |
Saratov Region | 95.5 | 0.59 | 6.3 | 23.0 | |
Ulyanovsk Region | 116.0 | 3.15 | 5.2 | 30.0 |
Regression Equation | Correlation Coefficient | Significance of Correlation Coefficient, t-test; α = 0.05 | Coefficient of Elasticity, E |
---|---|---|---|
Y1 = 0.03X − 1.7 | 0.438 | Significant | 3.08 |
Y2 = 0.13X − 4.28 | 0.502 | Significant | 1.48 |
Y3 = 0.11X + 8.66 | 0.309 | Significant | 0.57 |
Energy-Resource Efficiency According to Interfax [46] in 2015, % | Upper Redistribution of Non-Primary Non-Energy Exports, Billion USD | |
---|---|---|
Regions with Low Energy Efficiency | ||
Republic of Kalmykia | 48.5 | 0 |
Republic of Adygeya | 68.3 | 0.01 |
Primorye Territory | 69.6 | 0.05 |
Chechen Republic | 72.9 | 0 |
Arkhangelsk Region | 74.2 | 0.21 |
Amur Region | 74.4 | 0 |
Khabarovsk Territory | 77.1 | 0.03 |
Sakhalin Region | 78.2 | 0.16 |
Jewish Autonomous Region | 78.8 | 0 |
Republic of North Ossetia–Alania | 78.8 | 0.01 |
Regions with High Energy Efficiency | ||
Chukotka Autonomous Area | 120.1 | 0 |
Ivanovo Region | 121.0 | 0.11 |
Vladimir Region | 121.2 | 0.82 |
Kostroma Region | 121.3 | 0.12 |
Tula Region | 122.2 | 1.5 |
Moscow Region | 123.3 | 3.87 |
Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | 130.4 | 0.32 |
Nizhny Novgorod Region | 132.4 | 1.13 |
St. Petersburg | 132.9 | 3.41 |
Tyumen Region | 133.8 | 0.25 |
Dependent Variable | Dispersion between Groups | Dispersion within Groups (Residual) | Total Variance | F | P | Fcr | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS | df | MS | SS | df | MS | |||||
The upper limit of non-primary non-energy exports, billion USD | 6.11 | 1 | 6.11 | 17.75 | 18 | 0.98 | 23.86 | 6.20 | 0.022 | 4.41 |
Political Factors | Economic Factors | Social Factors | Technological Factors | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Organizational Level | Participating in the announced state programs | Commercialization of energy efficient technologies and innovations Monitoring of energy efficiency and energy costs at corporate level Implementing industry best practices | Developing of a positive image of a benchmarking company through marketing/advertising campaigns in media (including social media) | Using the energy saving/efficiency criteria for adopting designs and innovative technologies |
Regional Level (Regional Powers) | Announcing regional programs for energy efficiency and innovative development Coordination regional companies | Supporting the companies implementing energy saving/efficient innovations (regional tax policy, grants, etc.) | Developing of a positive image of a region through marketing/advertising campaigns in media (including social media) | Promoting best practices in energy saving/efficiency through regional shows and exhibitions focused on technology innovations |
Industry Level (Federal Ministries) | Announcing industry programs for energy efficient innovations Coordination industry companies | Organizing and sponsoring of industry wide exhibitions; incentivizing sharing best practices at industry level | Developing of a positive image of an industry as a whole through marketing/advertising campaigns in media (including social media) | Promoting industry wide knowledge transfer and commercialization of best practices |
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Melnik, A.; Naoumova, I.; Ermolaev, K.; Katrichis, J. Driving Innovation through Energy Efficiency: A Russian Regional Analysis. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4810. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094810
Melnik A, Naoumova I, Ermolaev K, Katrichis J. Driving Innovation through Energy Efficiency: A Russian Regional Analysis. Sustainability. 2021; 13(9):4810. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094810
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelnik, Alexander, Irina Naoumova, Kirill Ermolaev, and Jerome Katrichis. 2021. "Driving Innovation through Energy Efficiency: A Russian Regional Analysis" Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4810. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094810