Emotional Cartography of Everyday Heritage via Photography
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Specific Objective 1. To Evaluate the Effects of Participation in This Project on the Perception of Heritage
3.2. Specific Objective 2. To Analyse What Relationship Exists between this Conception and the Photographic Output
3.3. Specific Objective 3. To Explain to What Extent Participation in a Collective Exhibition Has an Influence on the Emotional Resignification of Everyday Heritage
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phase | Objective | Description |
---|---|---|
1. Starting point | SO1 | -Pretest questionnaire (Tool 1). -Assignation of places in Santiago de Compostela. -Workshop on heritage education. |
2. Documentation and critical election | SO2 | -Contextualised learning: search for information on the place assigned and choice of element for resignification via photography. -Aesthetic experience: sensory understanding and emotional identification of the place assigned. -Discussion group (Tool 3). |
3. Photography exhibition | SO3 | -Questionnaire on the photograph (Tool 5). -Text accompanying the photograph to explain the resignification carried out by the author (Tool 4). |
4. Evaluation of the project | SO1 | -Posttest questionnaire (Tool 2). -Analysis of the results. |
Heritage Element | Less than 5 Years | 5 to 10 Years | 10 to 20 Years | More than 20 Years | Whole Life | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | |
Wall, Tower, Cathedral | 5.50 | 6.00 | 5.50 | 5.00 | 5.25 | 5.00 | 5.47 | 5.32 | 5.71 | 5.50 |
Abalar Muxía, Cape Finisterre, Sto. André Teixido | 5.13 | 5.50 | 5.50 | 5.00 | 4.83 | 4.83 | 4.79 | 4.95 | 4.93 | 4.64 |
Cathedrals Beach, Cíes Islands and Rei Cintolo | 4.38 | 4.75 | 5.50 | 4.50 | 4.42 | 4.33 | 4.79 | 4.84 | 4.71 | 4.29 |
Entroido, Apalpador, Magosto | 5.00 | 5.37 | 5.50 | 4.50 | 4.58 | 4.92 | 4.32 | 4.58 | 4.57 | 4.71 |
Camariñas lacework, Bell-ringing, Jet jewellery | 4.13 | 5.25 | 5.00 | 4.00 | 4.17 | 4.50 | 4.16 | 4.16 | 4.43 | 4.57 |
City of Culture | 2.00 | 2.25 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 1.50 | 2.25 | 2.42 | 2.74 | 2.43 | 2.86 |
Heritage Element | Santiago de Compostela | Elsewhere | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | |
Wall, Tower, Cathedral | 5.75 | 5.49 | 5.13 | 5.38 |
Abalar Muxía, Cape Finisterre, Sto. André Teixido | 5.13 | 5.08 | 4.56 | 4.82 |
Cathedrals Beach, Cíes Islands and Rei Cintolo | 4.69 | 4.90 | 3.75 | 4.64 |
Entroido, Apalpador, Magosto | 4.50 | 4.87 | 4.63 | 4.62 |
Camariñas lacework, Bell-ringing, Jet jewellery | 4.50 | 4.51 | 4.44 | 4.15 |
City of Culture | 2.13 | 2.59 | 2.50 | 2.10 |
Totally Disagree | Disagree | Undecided | Agree | Totally Agree | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | |
Heritage causes irrational admiration, becoming a talisman or cult item. | 7.3 | 7.3 | 21.8 | 14.5 | 27.3 | 29.1 | 38.2 | 34.5 | 5.5 | 14.5 |
Heritage is characterised by its scarcity, rareness, and uniqueness. | 14.5 | 16.4 | 21.8 | 34.5 | 21.8 | 12.7 | 29.1 | 30.9 | 12.7 | 5.5 |
Heritage is characterised by its spectacular nature, recognised prestige, and large dimensions. | 14.5 | 25.5 | 49.1 | 43.6 | 10.9 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 9.1 | 7.3 | 3.6 |
Heritage is characterised by its artistic and stylistic beauty. | 3.6 | 5.5 | 12.7 | 34.5 | 21.8 | 23.6 | 32.7 | 21.8 | 29.1 | 14.5 |
Heritage is characterised by its age greater than one hundred years. | 9.1 | 25.5 | 34.5 | 30.9 | 18.2 | 20 | 30.9 | 18.2 | 7.3 | 5.5 |
Heritage consists of symbolic elements which characterise a society. | 1.8 | 0 | 5.5 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 9.1 | 36.4 | 32.7 | 49.1 | 50.9 |
Totally Disagree | Disagree | Undecided | Agree | Totally Agree | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | |
Heritage consists of monuments, places and things. | 5.5 | 9.1 | 23.6 | 27.3 | 10.9 | 7.3 | 47.3 | 41.8 | 12.7 | 14.5 |
Heritage consists of the links and relationships of people with these monuments, places, and things. | 3.6 | 1.8 | 5.5 | 0 | 10.9 | 1.8 | 45.5 | 34.5 | 34.5 | 61.8 |
Heritage is living, it is not unalterable. People can attribute new meanings to it and modify its use in other times. | 3.6 | 0 | 1.8 | 0 | 10.9 | 12.7 | 61.8 | 41.8 | 21.8 | 45.5 |
Heritage represents a past time and should preserve its original state. | 5.5 | 9.1 | 25.5 | 25.5 | 38.2 | 30.9 | 21.8 | 20.0 | 9.1 | 14.5 |
A contemporary element may be considered as heritage. | 5.5 | 0 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 10.9 | 5.5 | 60.0 | 50.9 | 20.0 | 40.0 |
People can be considered as heritage. | 7.3 | 3.6 | 10.9 | 1.8 | 23.6 | 12.7 | 34.5 | 38.2 | 23.6 | 43.6 |
Totally Disagree | Disagree | Undecided | Agree | Totally Agree | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | |
Because it contributes to knowing and understanding the environment. | 0 | 0 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 45.5 | 45.5 | 50.9 | 50.9 |
Because it leads to people identifying with something. | 0 | 0 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 54.5 | 50.9 | 36.4 | 40 |
Because it attracts tourism. | 9.1 | 7.3 | 25.5 | 20 | 20 | 30.9 | 36.4 | 30.9 | 9.1 | 10.9 |
Because it keeps traditions alive. | 1.8 | 0 | 9.1 | 1.8 | 9.1 | 12.7 | 47.3 | 52.7 | 32.7 | 32.7 |
Because it promotes relationships between people. | 1.8 | 0 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 14.5 | 10.9 | 56.4 | 54.5 | 23.6 | 30.9 |
I do not care about the preservation of heritage. | 85.5 | 92.7 | 14.5 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.6 | 0 | 0 |
Less than 5 Years | 5 to 10 Years | 10 to 20 Years | More than 20 Years | Whole Life | Total | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Yes, it changed my understanding. | 7 | 87.5 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 75 | 12 | 63.2 | 11 | 78.6 | 39 | 70.9 |
No, it did not changes my understanding. | 1 | 12.5 | 2 | 100 | 3 | 25 | 7 | 36.8 | 3 | 21.4 | 16 | 29.1 |
Total | 8 | 100 | 2 | 100 | 12 | 100 | 19 | 100 | 14 | 100 | 55 | 100 |
Elements | Description |
---|---|
Identity–community | Heritage is referred to as links, as the element which unites a community, a people. The most repeated term is identity, followed by community, although the most important aspect is that cultural heritage appears in the definitions established as the nexus, which gives and sustains the identity of a community. |
Relational–social | Marked by definitions in which emphasis is placed on the leading role of individuals in the conception of that which is considered to be heritage, which is defined as something living or in transformation, in parallel or connatural to that of its society. |
Inheritance–transmission | Predominance of cultural (the most repeated word) aspects, with a strong emphasis on aspects related to transmission, inheritance, and legacy. Heritage is what remains, is transmitted, or inherited. |
Aesthetic value | Predominance of terms linked to aesthetic perception. Heritage is defined as elements of artistic value (from any field, art, literature, music, etc.), which have some outstanding aesthetic value, or which should be recognised. |
Phase | Justification | % |
---|---|---|
COMPREHENSION (27.3%) | Amalgamates all of the phases | 66.7 |
Favours awareness | 13.3 | |
APPRECIATION (18.2%) | Favours awareness | 50.0 |
Amalgamates all of the phases | 40.0 | |
Lends dynamism to the process | 10.0 | |
KNOWLEDGE (18.2%) | Lends dynamism to the process | 60.0 |
Favours awareness | 20.0 | |
Amalgamates all of the phases | 20.0 | |
TRANSMISSION (16.4%) | Amalgamates all of the phases | 55.6 |
Inheritance or transmission | 44.4 | |
PRESERVATION (12.7%) | Favours awareness | 42.9 |
Inheritance or transmission | 42.9 | |
Care of cultural identity | 14.3 | |
INTERPRETATION (3.6%) | Lends dynamism to the process | 50.0 |
Favours awareness | 50.0 | |
ENJOYMENT (3.6%) | Amalgamates all of the phases | 100 |
Code | Place | Heritage Resignification |
---|---|---|
ID03 | Old town (street) | “… I’ve already been investigating. I know a person who lived there as a child who told me lots of stories about her family, which are, to a large extent, part of the history of that street. They are all really interesting stories, the kind that rarely appear in history books.” |
ID10 | Old town (tavern) | “Before this dystopian situation we are experiencing now appeared, I was trying to immerse myself in this project because it seemed to be a good cause, although I must admit that the place assigned to me was quite irritating for many reasons. On the one hand, because personally I have always had some kind of psychological problem with bars and taverns, probably some kind of trauma related with my family history which means that they are uncomfortable and unpleasant places for me. On the other hand, there was my prejudice against this tavern in particular which I had never been to, due to its strict opening hours and its style, which is quite unattractive to me and, in my opinion, too conservative. I love history, culture and heritage … but, in my opinion, it’s not necessary to take things to such extremes as to not change anything at all. However, I took it as a difficult challenge and faced it head on. I went into the bar a couple of times to have a drink. I looked for information on the Internet (I didn’t find much) and went for dinner there to try its specialties and to get to know the place better. I also introduced myself to (…) to get to know them. I must admit that, as was to be expected, all this gathering of information created emotional links with the place and its history (…). My perception of the place, which I had, in part, adopted, changed radically and I came to feel a great deal of admiration and surprise for the incredible degree of preservation that its owners had maintained in the bar and the desire to pass the baton on to the fifth generation (their nephew). It is clear that this tavern is much more than just their business, and that the meaning of their lives is to preserve this treasure left to them by their ancestors and to ensure that someone continues to work there and keeps their heritage intact.” |
Perspective | Description | % | Photographs | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Urban evaluation | Normally include specific aspects of the city, such as colonnades, the evolution of the streets over time, etc. | 30.9 | - Rua del Villar - Estacion de Tren de Cornes - La Residencia - Nostalgia - El recodo del camino - Otra mirada - Nostalxia - Envidia - El árbol de la ciencia | - Día de carreiras - La señal - Parque da música - Contradicción - A historia repítese... - La Perla del Villar - Campus Sur: 3 Fechas x 1 Fotografía - Testigos silenciosos |
Heritage evaluation | Normally include historical descriptions or conceptual elements related to heritage, such as the passing of time, symbolism, memory, etc. | 30.9 | - Hortas 39 - Dignidade libertaria - Estabas ahí -Las aguadoras del Toural - Abrótano Macho - La sombra del dedo de Venus. - Modus Vivendi - Sen distancias sociais - Rúa de San Pedro | - Piedra, árbol, pájaro, lluvia o espuma - S/t - Hora punta... en tiempos de pandemia - Haberá que ir sachar - Ruela de Xerusalén - Vale - Binomio surrealista - Tiempo de recreo |
Personal evaluation | Touch upon the elements of themselves which they seek to represent via photography, feelings provoked in them by the places assigned, reflections on life, etc. | 21.8 | - Inservible - Daquela - Vidas - Algui y yo - El gato de la fábula de Aracne se volvió negro - Mi abuelo | - Sastrería Pepecillo - Entronque cultura-acción política - Había una vez... - Abastos 3.0 - Sit tibi terra levis - La taberna de Alicia |
Aesthetic evaluation | Descriptions of the aesthetic element or of the creative process which they seek to recreate in their photography, shadows, movement, etc. | 16.4 | - Mapa emocional de Mazarelos - La escalera - San Francisco y su entorno: el abrazo solidario de Compostela | - Aceras brandas - Luz nas sombras - Rúa do Franco - Rúas paralelas - Cemiterio de Conxo - ¿Dónde está la fuente? |
Element | Category | Description | % | Photographs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Photograph | Artistic/Compositive | Non-realistic production or composition of the place. | 52.7 | - Mapa emocional de Mazarelos. - San Francisco y su entorno: el abrazo solidario de Compostela - Aceras brandas - ¿Dónde está la fuente? - Estabas ahí - Las aguadoras del Toural - Abrótano Macho - Modus Vivendi - Rúa de San Pedro - S/t - Haberá que ir sachar - Vale - Binomio surrealista | - Algui y yo - El gato de la fábula de Aracne se volvió negro - Sastrería Pepecillo - Había una vez... - La taberna de Alicia - Rua del Villar - Estacion de Tren de Cornes - Nostalxia - El árbol de la ciencia. - Contradicción - La Perla del Villar - Campus Sur: 3 Fechas x 1 Fotografía - Testigos silenciosos |
Artistic/Realistic | Realistic representation, albeit seeking the aesthetics of the place. | 29.1 | - La escalera - Luz nas sombras - Cemiterio de Conxo - Hortas 39 - Dignidade libertaria - La sombra del dedo de Venus - Piedra, árbol, pájaro, lluvia o espuma | - Hora punta... en tiempos de pandemia - Daquela - Vidas - Abastos 3.0 - Otra mirada - Envidia - Día de carreiras - La señal - A historia repítese... | |
Documentary | Direct photography without stylistic mediation. | 23.6 | - Rúa do Franco - Rúas paralelas - Sen distancias sociais - Ruela de Xerusalén - Tiempo de recreo - Inservible - Mi abuelo | - Entronque cultura-acción política - Sit tibi terra levis - La Residencia. - Nostalgia - El recodo del camino - Parque da música | |
Title | Urban/Compostelano | Taking in the name of the place, of the street or of some specific element of Santiago. | 48.1 | - Rúa do Franco -Parque da música - Aceras brandas - ¿Dónde está la fuente? - Hora punta... en tiempos de pandemia - La taberna de Alicia - Estacion de Tren de Cornes - Mapa emocional de Mazarelos - Las aguadoras del Toural - Abrótano Macho - Rúa de San Pedro - Ruela de Xerusalén - La Residencia | - El recodo del camino - Campus Sur: 3 Fechas x 1 Fotografía - La escalera - San Francisco y su entorno: el abrazo solidario de Compostela - Rúas paralelas - Cemiterio de Conxo - Hortas 39 - Inservible - Sastrería Pepecillo - Abastos 3.0 - Rua del Villar - El árbol de la ciencia. - La Perla del Villar |
Narrative/Reflexive | With a poetic or representative character of the aesthetic intention of the photograph. | 35.2 | - Haberá que ir sachar - Binomio surrealista - El gato de la fábula de Aracne se volvió negro - Otra mirada - A historia repítese... - Modus Vivendi - Había una vez... - Día de carreiras - La señal - Luz nas sombras | - Piedra, árbol, pájaro, lluvia o espuma - Vale - Tiempo de recreo - Daquela - Sit tibi terra levis - Envidia - Contradicción - Testigos silenciosos - La sombra del dedo de Venus | |
Personal/Biographical | Feelings, memories, personal sensations to frame the meaning of the photograph or the evocation it suggests to the photographer. | 16.7 | - Sen distancias sociais - Vidas - Algui y yo - Dignidade libertaria - Estabas ahí | - Mi abuelo - Nostalgia - Nostalxia - Entronque cultura-acción política |
Artistic/Realistic | Documentary | Artistic/Compositive | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
Urban/Compostelano | 5 | 31.3 | 7 | 53.8 | 14 | 56 | 26 | 48.1 |
Narrative/Reflexive | 9 | 56.3 | 2 | 15.4 | 8 | 32 | 19 | 35.2 |
Personal/Biographical | 2 | 12.5 | 4 | 30.8 | 3 | 12 | 9 | 16.7 |
Total | 16 | 100 | 13 | 100 | 25 | 100 | 54 | 100 |
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Castro-Fernández, B.; López-Facal, R. Emotional Cartography of Everyday Heritage via Photography. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4764. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094764
Castro-Fernández B, López-Facal R. Emotional Cartography of Everyday Heritage via Photography. Sustainability. 2021; 13(9):4764. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094764
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastro-Fernández, Belén, and Ramón López-Facal. 2021. "Emotional Cartography of Everyday Heritage via Photography" Sustainability 13, no. 9: 4764. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094764