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Sustainability
Volume 13
Issue 8
10.3390/su13084575
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Article

Self-Efficacy, Positive Future Outlook and School Burnout in Spanish Adolescents

by
África Martos Martínez
1,
María del Mar Molero Jurado
1,*,
María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes
1,
Ana Belén Barragán Martín
1,
María del Mar Simón Márquez
1,
Begoña María Tortosa Martínez
1,
Maria Sisto
1 and
José Jesús Gázquez Linares
2
1
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
2
Department of Psychology, Autonomous University of Chile, Providencia 7500000, Chile
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2021, 13(8), 4575; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084575
Submission received: 4 March 2021 / Revised: 3 April 2021 / Accepted: 16 April 2021 / Published: 20 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies for Coping with Daily Stress and Related Educational and Psychosocial Factors)
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Abstract

Background: Environmental and personal circumstances during adolescence cause changes affecting students, their wellbeing, performance, self-efficacy, motivation, and aspirations for the future. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between burnout, self-efficacy, and outlooks by student gender and age, and determine the influence of self-efficacy on burnout and outlooks for the future. Methods: The sample was made up of 1287 high school students. The instruments used to collect data were The Control—Individual Protective Factors Index to evaluate self-efficacy, the Positive Outlook—Individual Protective Factors Index for aspirations, and finally, for burnout, the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: The results showed that the cynicism and exhaustion dimensions of burnout correlated negatively with self-efficacy and outlooks. On the contrary, the academic efficacy dimension showed a positive correlation with self-efficacy. In addition, the gender and age variables were related to burnout. Student self-efficacy was related to burnout and outlooks for the future, where youths with the highest levels of self-efficacy were those who had the most positive outlooks for the future and the least school burnout. Conclusions: Given the academic changes that impede commitment, self-efficacy, and outlooks for the future of youths, the design of intervention programs directed at improving adolescent self-efficacy would lower burnout levels and raise their outlooks.
Keywords: school burnout; self-efficacy; outlooks for future; adolescents school burnout; self-efficacy; outlooks for future; adolescents

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MDPI and ACS Style

Martos Martínez, Á.; Molero Jurado, M.d.M.; Pérez-Fuentes, M.d.C.; Barragán Martín, A.B.; Simón Márquez, M.d.M.; Tortosa Martínez, B.M.; Sisto, M.; Gázquez Linares, J.J. Self-Efficacy, Positive Future Outlook and School Burnout in Spanish Adolescents. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4575. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084575

AMA Style

Martos Martínez Á, Molero Jurado MdM, Pérez-Fuentes MdC, Barragán Martín AB, Simón Márquez MdM, Tortosa Martínez BM, Sisto M, Gázquez Linares JJ. Self-Efficacy, Positive Future Outlook and School Burnout in Spanish Adolescents. Sustainability. 2021; 13(8):4575. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084575

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martos Martínez, África, María del Mar Molero Jurado, María del Carmen Pérez-Fuentes, Ana Belén Barragán Martín, María del Mar Simón Márquez, Begoña María Tortosa Martínez, Maria Sisto, and José Jesús Gázquez Linares. 2021. "Self-Efficacy, Positive Future Outlook and School Burnout in Spanish Adolescents" Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4575. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084575

APA Style

Martos Martínez, Á., Molero Jurado, M. d. M., Pérez-Fuentes, M. d. C., Barragán Martín, A. B., Simón Márquez, M. d. M., Tortosa Martínez, B. M., Sisto, M., & Gázquez Linares, J. J. (2021). Self-Efficacy, Positive Future Outlook and School Burnout in Spanish Adolescents. Sustainability, 13(8), 4575. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084575

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