Weighting the Attributes of Human-Related Activities for Fire Safety Measures in Historic Villages
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Related Works
2.1. Fire Risk in Historic Villages
2.2. Fire Safety Measures in Historic Villages
2.3. Related Studies
3. Methods
3.1. Configuration of Items
3.1.1. Criteria
3.1.2. Sub-Criteria
3.1.3. Sub-Attributes
3.1.4. A Hierarchy for Priorities of Human-Related Measures for Fire Safety
3.2. Sample Design
4. Results
5. Conclusions
- focused on human-related measures in historic villages for prevention and response levels of fire measures.
- defined the preventive and response levels of residents and village organizations.
- evaluated a method to be used to determine the weighting of the selected attributes.
- determined the priority criteria, sub-criteria, and sub-attributes when planning fire safety measures in historic villages.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Date | Place | Cause |
---|---|---|
2 January 2001 | Yangdong Village, Gyeongju | Unknown |
21 January 2001 | Yangdong Village, Gyeongju | Electric short circuit |
17 October 2001 | Yangdong Village, Gyeongju | Electric short circuit |
9 December 2003 | Yangdong Village, Gyeongju | Misuse of gas stove |
18 January 2008 | Yangdong Village, Gyeongju | Misuse of fire |
4 June 2010 | Hahoe Village, Andong | Electric short circuit |
25 January 2011 | Hangae Village, Sungju | Overheating furnace |
8 August 2012 | Sungup Village, Jeju | Unknown |
4 December 2013 | Hahoe Village, Andong | Fire occurred during a musical performance |
13 January 2014 | Hahoe Village, Andong | Overheating furnace for Korean floor heating system |
5 January 2015 | Sungup Village, Jeju | Embers from a fire ignited a thatched-roof house |
11 February 2016 | Sungup Village, Jeju | Propane gas explosion estimation |
16 January 2017 | Sungup Village, Jeju | Electric short circuit estimation |
26 January 2017 | Wanggok Village, Gosung | Overheating furnace for Korean floor heating system |
Measures | Preventive Level | Response Level |
---|---|---|
Passive measures | Reducing fire risk at source (heat, electricity) | Developing fire response plan |
Reinforcing fire barrier walls, fire doors, window frames (thermal expansion material) | Preparing a list of escape items | |
Strengthening retardant materials | Providing control measures against heat, smoke | |
Enhancing fire resistance, fire compartments | Ensuring safe means of escape | |
Improving fire caution during repair, reconstruction | Using early warning detection | |
Using fire barriers in buildings | Adjusting fire response plan | |
Active measures | Using heat/smoke/flame detectors | Using outdoor fire hydrants |
Provide lightning equipment, chimneys | Providing automatic systems (sprinklers, suppression systems) | |
Using automatic alarm system | Hose reel, fire extinguisher gun | |
Ensuring regular inspection of electrical equipment | Installation of fire extinguisher, buckets of water or sand | |
Using emergency lighting, exit signs | Structuring smoke dampers | |
Developing monitoring systems (security) | Using fire extinguishing systems | |
Human-related measures | Developing a fire-prevention strategy | Improving fire safety training |
Planning know-how education for using fire systems | Acting-out fire response activities | |
Organizational fire prevention activities | Executing evacuation plan | |
Reducing potential sources of ignition | Involving fire-fighting professionals with occupants | |
Trainings that include simulations of fire with fire brigade | Identification of potential sources of ignition | |
Establishing role-sharing for individual people, organization | Supporting people with special needs (elderly people) |
Division | Definition |
---|---|
Preventive level | The level at which possible risks can be reduced before a fire occurs. |
Response level | The level at which risks can be quickly reduced after a fire has already occurred. |
Level | Preventive Level | Response Level |
---|---|---|
Village residents | [1] preventive level of the residents | [2] Response level of the residents |
Village organization | [4] Preventive level of village organizations | [3] Response level of village organizations |
Criteria | Sub-Criteria | Sub-Attributes |
---|---|---|
[1] Preventive level of the residents | [1-1] Experience in disaster prevention training | [1-1-1] Percentage of households participating in training |
[1-2] Degree of implementation of fire measures | [1-2-1] Implementation of fire measures | |
[1-3] Degree of awareness of firefighting facilities | [1-3-1] Installing firefighting facilities | |
[1-3-2] Using firefighting facilities | ||
[2] Response level of the residents | [2-1] Adherence to fire prevention practices | [2-1-1] Frequency of fire prevention practices |
[2-1-2] Participation rate of fire prevention practices | ||
[2-1-3] Understanding of fire prevention practices | ||
[2-2] Adherence to fire prevention education activities | [2-2-1] Frequency of fire prevention education activities | |
[2-2-2] Participation rate of fire prevention education activities | ||
[2-2-3] Presence or absence of fire evacuation map | ||
[2-2-4] Number of evacuation drills conducted | ||
[3] Response level of village organizations | [3-1] Village fire brigade capability | [3-1-1] Ratio of residents: organization members |
[3-2] Age of village fire brigade | [3-2-1] Average age of village fire brigade | |
[3-3] Actual capability of organization members | [3-3-1] Ratio of active members: all members | |
[3-4] Village fire brigade captain’s awareness of fire prevention | [3-4-1] Participation rate of fire prevention education (captain) | |
[3-4-2] Identification of hazardous locations (captain) | ||
[3-4-3] Confirmation of victims | ||
[3-4-4] The term of office held by the captain | ||
[4] Preventive level of village organizations | [4-1] Capability of the assembly hall | [4-1-1] Capability of the assembly hall |
[4-2] Actual usage rate of the assembly hall | [4-2-1] Actual usage rate of the assembly hall | |
[4-3] Degree of participation | [4-3-1] Participation rate of village organization | |
[4-4] Ratio of long-term residents | [4-4-1] Ratio of long-term residents |
Criteria | WA | Sub-Criteria | WA2 | WB | Sub-Attributes | WA3 | WC | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preventive level of the residents | 50.9% | Experience in disaster prevention training | 72.4% | 36.8% | Percentage of households participating in training | 26.2% | 13.3% | 2 |
Degree of implementation of fire measures | 15.8% | 8.0% | Implementation of fire measures | 25.2% | 12.8% | 3 | ||
Degree of awareness of firefighting facilities | 11.8% | 6.0% | Installing firefighting facilities | 15.6% | 7.9% | 4 | ||
Using firefighting facilities | 33.1% | 16.8% | 1 | |||||
Response level of the residents | 18.9% | Adherence to fire protection practices | 78.1% | 14.7% | Frequency of fire protection practices | 13.7% | 2.6% | 11 |
Participation rate of fire protection practices | 29.2% | 5.5% | 6 | |||||
Content understanding of fire protection practices | 10.4% | 2.0% | 15 | |||||
Adherence to fire protection education activities | 21.9% | 4.1% | Frequency of fire protection education activities | 11.5% | 2.2% | 12 | ||
Participation rate of fire protection education activities | 20.0% | 3.8% | 10 | |||||
Presence or absence of fire evacuation map | 5.5% | 1.0% | 20 | |||||
Number of evacuation drills conducted | 9.7% | 1.8% | 17 | |||||
Response level of village organization | 20.6% | Village fire brigade capability | 23.2% | 4.8% | Ratio of residents: organization members | 10.2% | 2.1% | 13 |
Age of village fire brigade | 13.1% | 2.7% | Average age of village fire brigade | 4.1% | 0.8% | 22 | ||
Actual capability of organization members | 40.5% | 8.3% | Ratio of active members to all members | 28.8% | 5.9% | 5 | ||
Village fire brigade captain’s awareness of fire protection | 23.2% | 4.8% | Participation rate of fire protection education (captain) | 6.7% | 1.4% | 18 | ||
Identification of hazardous locations (captain) | 24.6% | 5.1% | 7 | |||||
Confirmation of victims | 20.9% | 4.3% | 9 | |||||
The term of a captain | 4.7% | 1.0% | 21 | |||||
Preventive level of village organization | 9.6% | Capability of the assembly hall | 22.6% | 2.2% | Capability of the assembly hall | 21.3% | 2.1% | 14 |
Actual usage rate of the assembly hall | 26.9% | 2.6% | Actual usage rate of the assembly hall | 19.4% | 1.9% | 16 | ||
Degree of participation | 36.3% | 3.5% | Participation rate of village organization | 46.7% | 4.5% | 8 | ||
Rate of long-term residence | 14.1% | 1.4% | Rate of long-term residence | 12.6% | 1.2% | 19 | ||
Total | 100% | Total | 400% | 100% | Total | 400% | 100% | - |
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Lee, J.-H.; Chun, W.-Y.; Choi, J.-H. Weighting the Attributes of Human-Related Activities for Fire Safety Measures in Historic Villages. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063236
Lee J-H, Chun W-Y, Choi J-H. Weighting the Attributes of Human-Related Activities for Fire Safety Measures in Historic Villages. Sustainability. 2021; 13(6):3236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063236
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Ji-Hee, Woo-Young Chun, and Jun-Ho Choi. 2021. "Weighting the Attributes of Human-Related Activities for Fire Safety Measures in Historic Villages" Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063236
APA StyleLee, J.-H., Chun, W.-Y., & Choi, J.-H. (2021). Weighting the Attributes of Human-Related Activities for Fire Safety Measures in Historic Villages. Sustainability, 13(6), 3236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063236