Weighting the Attributes of Human-Related Activities for Fire Safety Measures in Historic Villages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Works
2.1. Fire Risk in Historic Villages
2.2. Fire Safety Measures in Historic Villages
2.3. Related Studies
3. Methods
3.1. Configuration of Items
3.1.1. Criteria
3.1.2. Sub-Criteria
3.1.3. Sub-Attributes
3.1.4. A Hierarchy for Priorities of Human-Related Measures for Fire Safety
3.2. Sample Design
4. Results
5. Conclusions
- focused on human-related measures in historic villages for prevention and response levels of fire measures.
- defined the preventive and response levels of residents and village organizations.
- evaluated a method to be used to determine the weighting of the selected attributes.
- determined the priority criteria, sub-criteria, and sub-attributes when planning fire safety measures in historic villages.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Date | Place | Cause |
---|---|---|
2 January 2001 | Yangdong Village, Gyeongju | Unknown |
21 January 2001 | Yangdong Village, Gyeongju | Electric short circuit |
17 October 2001 | Yangdong Village, Gyeongju | Electric short circuit |
9 December 2003 | Yangdong Village, Gyeongju | Misuse of gas stove |
18 January 2008 | Yangdong Village, Gyeongju | Misuse of fire |
4 June 2010 | Hahoe Village, Andong | Electric short circuit |
25 January 2011 | Hangae Village, Sungju | Overheating furnace |
8 August 2012 | Sungup Village, Jeju | Unknown |
4 December 2013 | Hahoe Village, Andong | Fire occurred during a musical performance |
13 January 2014 | Hahoe Village, Andong | Overheating furnace for Korean floor heating system |
5 January 2015 | Sungup Village, Jeju | Embers from a fire ignited a thatched-roof house |
11 February 2016 | Sungup Village, Jeju | Propane gas explosion estimation |
16 January 2017 | Sungup Village, Jeju | Electric short circuit estimation |
26 January 2017 | Wanggok Village, Gosung | Overheating furnace for Korean floor heating system |
Measures | Preventive Level | Response Level |
---|---|---|
Passive measures | Reducing fire risk at source (heat, electricity) | Developing fire response plan |
Reinforcing fire barrier walls, fire doors, window frames (thermal expansion material) | Preparing a list of escape items | |
Strengthening retardant materials | Providing control measures against heat, smoke | |
Enhancing fire resistance, fire compartments | Ensuring safe means of escape | |
Improving fire caution during repair, reconstruction | Using early warning detection | |
Using fire barriers in buildings | Adjusting fire response plan | |
Active measures | Using heat/smoke/flame detectors | Using outdoor fire hydrants |
Provide lightning equipment, chimneys | Providing automatic systems (sprinklers, suppression systems) | |
Using automatic alarm system | Hose reel, fire extinguisher gun | |
Ensuring regular inspection of electrical equipment | Installation of fire extinguisher, buckets of water or sand | |
Using emergency lighting, exit signs | Structuring smoke dampers | |
Developing monitoring systems (security) | Using fire extinguishing systems | |
Human-related measures | Developing a fire-prevention strategy | Improving fire safety training |
Planning know-how education for using fire systems | Acting-out fire response activities | |
Organizational fire prevention activities | Executing evacuation plan | |
Reducing potential sources of ignition | Involving fire-fighting professionals with occupants | |
Trainings that include simulations of fire with fire brigade | Identification of potential sources of ignition | |
Establishing role-sharing for individual people, organization | Supporting people with special needs (elderly people) |
Division | Definition |
---|---|
Preventive level | The level at which possible risks can be reduced before a fire occurs. |
Response level | The level at which risks can be quickly reduced after a fire has already occurred. |
Level | Preventive Level | Response Level |
---|---|---|
Village residents | [1] preventive level of the residents | [2] Response level of the residents |
Village organization | [4] Preventive level of village organizations | [3] Response level of village organizations |
Criteria | Sub-Criteria | Sub-Attributes |
---|---|---|
[1] Preventive level of the residents | [1-1] Experience in disaster prevention training | [1-1-1] Percentage of households participating in training |
[1-2] Degree of implementation of fire measures | [1-2-1] Implementation of fire measures | |
[1-3] Degree of awareness of firefighting facilities | [1-3-1] Installing firefighting facilities | |
[1-3-2] Using firefighting facilities | ||
[2] Response level of the residents | [2-1] Adherence to fire prevention practices | [2-1-1] Frequency of fire prevention practices |
[2-1-2] Participation rate of fire prevention practices | ||
[2-1-3] Understanding of fire prevention practices | ||
[2-2] Adherence to fire prevention education activities | [2-2-1] Frequency of fire prevention education activities | |
[2-2-2] Participation rate of fire prevention education activities | ||
[2-2-3] Presence or absence of fire evacuation map | ||
[2-2-4] Number of evacuation drills conducted | ||
[3] Response level of village organizations | [3-1] Village fire brigade capability | [3-1-1] Ratio of residents: organization members |
[3-2] Age of village fire brigade | [3-2-1] Average age of village fire brigade | |
[3-3] Actual capability of organization members | [3-3-1] Ratio of active members: all members | |
[3-4] Village fire brigade captain’s awareness of fire prevention | [3-4-1] Participation rate of fire prevention education (captain) | |
[3-4-2] Identification of hazardous locations (captain) | ||
[3-4-3] Confirmation of victims | ||
[3-4-4] The term of office held by the captain | ||
[4] Preventive level of village organizations | [4-1] Capability of the assembly hall | [4-1-1] Capability of the assembly hall |
[4-2] Actual usage rate of the assembly hall | [4-2-1] Actual usage rate of the assembly hall | |
[4-3] Degree of participation | [4-3-1] Participation rate of village organization | |
[4-4] Ratio of long-term residents | [4-4-1] Ratio of long-term residents |
Criteria | WA | Sub-Criteria | WA2 | WB | Sub-Attributes | WA3 | WC | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preventive level of the residents | 50.9% | Experience in disaster prevention training | 72.4% | 36.8% | Percentage of households participating in training | 26.2% | 13.3% | 2 |
Degree of implementation of fire measures | 15.8% | 8.0% | Implementation of fire measures | 25.2% | 12.8% | 3 | ||
Degree of awareness of firefighting facilities | 11.8% | 6.0% | Installing firefighting facilities | 15.6% | 7.9% | 4 | ||
Using firefighting facilities | 33.1% | 16.8% | 1 | |||||
Response level of the residents | 18.9% | Adherence to fire protection practices | 78.1% | 14.7% | Frequency of fire protection practices | 13.7% | 2.6% | 11 |
Participation rate of fire protection practices | 29.2% | 5.5% | 6 | |||||
Content understanding of fire protection practices | 10.4% | 2.0% | 15 | |||||
Adherence to fire protection education activities | 21.9% | 4.1% | Frequency of fire protection education activities | 11.5% | 2.2% | 12 | ||
Participation rate of fire protection education activities | 20.0% | 3.8% | 10 | |||||
Presence or absence of fire evacuation map | 5.5% | 1.0% | 20 | |||||
Number of evacuation drills conducted | 9.7% | 1.8% | 17 | |||||
Response level of village organization | 20.6% | Village fire brigade capability | 23.2% | 4.8% | Ratio of residents: organization members | 10.2% | 2.1% | 13 |
Age of village fire brigade | 13.1% | 2.7% | Average age of village fire brigade | 4.1% | 0.8% | 22 | ||
Actual capability of organization members | 40.5% | 8.3% | Ratio of active members to all members | 28.8% | 5.9% | 5 | ||
Village fire brigade captain’s awareness of fire protection | 23.2% | 4.8% | Participation rate of fire protection education (captain) | 6.7% | 1.4% | 18 | ||
Identification of hazardous locations (captain) | 24.6% | 5.1% | 7 | |||||
Confirmation of victims | 20.9% | 4.3% | 9 | |||||
The term of a captain | 4.7% | 1.0% | 21 | |||||
Preventive level of village organization | 9.6% | Capability of the assembly hall | 22.6% | 2.2% | Capability of the assembly hall | 21.3% | 2.1% | 14 |
Actual usage rate of the assembly hall | 26.9% | 2.6% | Actual usage rate of the assembly hall | 19.4% | 1.9% | 16 | ||
Degree of participation | 36.3% | 3.5% | Participation rate of village organization | 46.7% | 4.5% | 8 | ||
Rate of long-term residence | 14.1% | 1.4% | Rate of long-term residence | 12.6% | 1.2% | 19 | ||
Total | 100% | Total | 400% | 100% | Total | 400% | 100% | - |
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Lee, J.-H.; Chun, W.-Y.; Choi, J.-H. Weighting the Attributes of Human-Related Activities for Fire Safety Measures in Historic Villages. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063236
Lee J-H, Chun W-Y, Choi J-H. Weighting the Attributes of Human-Related Activities for Fire Safety Measures in Historic Villages. Sustainability. 2021; 13(6):3236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063236
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Ji-Hee, Woo-Young Chun, and Jun-Ho Choi. 2021. "Weighting the Attributes of Human-Related Activities for Fire Safety Measures in Historic Villages" Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3236. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063236