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Sustainability
Volume 13
Issue 5
10.3390/su13052742
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Article

The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat

by
Muhammad Zain
1,2,
Zhuanyun Si
1,2,
Sen Li
1,
Yang Gao
1,*,
Faisal Mehmood
1,3,
Shafeeq-Ur Rahman
1,2,
Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani
1,2 and
Aiwang Duan
1,*
1
Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China
2
Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
3
Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2021, 13(5), 2742; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052742
Submission received: 25 January 2021 / Revised: 26 February 2021 / Accepted: 26 February 2021 / Published: 3 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems: The Role of Innovative Amendments in Crop Production Under Polluted Environments)
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Abstract

Sound irrigation and nitrogen management strategies are necessary to achieve sustainable yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain (NCP). The coupled effects of irrigation scheduling and the nitrogen application mode (NAM) on winter wheat growth, yield and water use efficiency under drip irrigation were evaluated with a two-year field experiment, which consisted of three irrigation scheduling levels (ISLs) (irrigating when soil water consumption (SWC) reached 20, 35 and 50 mm, referred as I20, I35 and I50, respectively) and three nitrogen application modes (NAMs) (ratio of basal application and topdressing as 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100, referred as N50:50, N25:75 and N0:100, respectively). The experimental results showed that irrigating winter wheat at ISL I35 substantially (p < 0.05) improved the grain yield by 15.89%, 3.32% and 14.82%, 4.31% and water use efficiency (WUE) by 5.23%, 16.03% and 5.26%, 12.36%, compared with those at ISL I20 and I50 in 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 growing seasons, respectively. NAM N25:75 appeared very beneficial in terms of grain yield, yield components and WUE as compared to other NAM levels. The maximum grain yield (8.62 and 9.40 t ha−1) and water use efficiency (1.88 and 2.09 kg m−3) were achieved in treatment I35N25:75 in two growing seasons over those in other treatments. The results in this study may deliver a scientific basis for irrigation and nitrogen fertilization management of the drip-irrigated winter wheat production in the NCP.
Keywords: winter wheat; drip irrigation; irrigation scheduling level; nitrogen application mode; grain yield; water use efficiency winter wheat; drip irrigation; irrigation scheduling level; nitrogen application mode; grain yield; water use efficiency

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zain, M.; Si, Z.; Li, S.; Gao, Y.; Mehmood, F.; Rahman, S.-U.; Mounkaila Hamani, A.K.; Duan, A. The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2742. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052742

AMA Style

Zain M, Si Z, Li S, Gao Y, Mehmood F, Rahman S-U, Mounkaila Hamani AK, Duan A. The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat. Sustainability. 2021; 13(5):2742. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052742

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zain, Muhammad, Zhuanyun Si, Sen Li, Yang Gao, Faisal Mehmood, Shafeeq-Ur Rahman, Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani, and Aiwang Duan. 2021. "The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat" Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2742. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052742

APA Style

Zain, M., Si, Z., Li, S., Gao, Y., Mehmood, F., Rahman, S.-U., Mounkaila Hamani, A. K., & Duan, A. (2021). The Coupled Effects of Irrigation Scheduling and Nitrogen Fertilization Mode on Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Drip-Irrigated Winter Wheat. Sustainability, 13(5), 2742. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052742

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