Reviewing the Role of Outdoor Lighting in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Human-Centric Lighting
2.1. Psychological Effects
2.2. Visual Perception
2.3. Non-Visual Perception
2.4. Safety
3. Energy Efficient Lighting
3.1. Luminaire Efficiency
3.2. Lighting Control Effectiveness
4. Environmental Impacts of Light Pollution
4.1. Light Pollution: Quantification and Astronomical Implications
4.2. Impacts on Aquatic Life
4.3. Impacts Terrestrial Life
4.4. Light Pollution Mitigation
5. Conclusions
- Breaking paradigms in lighting design assuming minimum illuminance levels required and implement standardized maximum limits allowed;
- Generalize the use of outdoor lighting control by timing and dimming decreasing illuminance and lit areas;
- Optimizing lighting designs avoiding spill lighting;
- Adopting holistic lighting design including evaluation of light pollution impacts in local organisms affected;
- Confirm and consolidate results with greenish outdoor lighting;
- Enhancing light pollution detection and measurement by the use of sensing and complimentary computational models for simulations;
- Promoting ecology education for civilians warning about light pollution impacts and promoting guideline actions to mitigate light pollution;
- Encouraging ecological friendly designs of lighting in commercial and industry sectors;
- Promote active governance participation in creating regulations and performing public lighting practices to mitigate light pollution.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tavares, P.; Ingi, D.; Araújo, L.; Pinho, P.; Bhusal, P. Reviewing the Role of Outdoor Lighting in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability 2021, 13, 12657. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212657
Tavares P, Ingi D, Araújo L, Pinho P, Bhusal P. Reviewing the Role of Outdoor Lighting in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainability. 2021; 13(22):12657. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212657
Chicago/Turabian StyleTavares, Pedro, Dmitrii Ingi, Luiz Araújo, Paulo Pinho, and Pramod Bhusal. 2021. "Reviewing the Role of Outdoor Lighting in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals" Sustainability 13, no. 22: 12657. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212657