Bridging Gaps in Minimum Humanitarian Standards and Shelter Planning by Critical Infrastructures
1
Institute of Rescue Engineering and Civil Protection, TH Köln-University of Applied Sciences, 50679 Cologne, Germany
2
Wasserversorgung Rheinhessen-Pfalz GmbH, 55294 Bodenheim, Germany
3
Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bundeswehr University Munich, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
4
Fraunhofer Institute for Technological Trend Analysis (INT), 53879 Euskirchen, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2021, 13(2), 849; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020849
Received: 3 December 2020
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Revised: 8 January 2021
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Accepted: 14 January 2021
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Published: 16 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sheltering and Housing Displaced Populations)
Current agendas such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction or the Sustainable Development Goals are demanding more integration of disaster risk management into other thematic fields and relevant sectors. However, certain thematic fields such as shelter planning and critical infrastructure have not been integrated yet. This article provides an analysis of minimum humanitarian standards contained in the well-known Sphere handbook. Gaps are identified for several critical infrastructure services. Moreover, guidance on how to derive infrastructure or lifeline needs has been found missing. This article analyses the missing service supply and infrastructure identification items and procedures. The main innovation is a more integrative perspective on infrastructure that can improve existing minimum humanitarian standards. It can guide the provision of infrastructure services to various types for different hazard scenarios, hence make humanitarian aid and shelter planning more sustainable in terms of avoiding infrastructure or lifeline shortages.
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Keywords:
critical infrastructure; risk management; disaster risk reduction; shelter planning; natural hazard
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MDPI and ACS Style
Fekete, A.; Bross, L.; Krause, S.; Neisser, F.; Tzavella, K. Bridging Gaps in Minimum Humanitarian Standards and Shelter Planning by Critical Infrastructures. Sustainability 2021, 13, 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020849
AMA Style
Fekete A, Bross L, Krause S, Neisser F, Tzavella K. Bridging Gaps in Minimum Humanitarian Standards and Shelter Planning by Critical Infrastructures. Sustainability. 2021; 13(2):849. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020849
Chicago/Turabian StyleFekete, Alexander, Lisa Bross, Steffen Krause, Florian Neisser, and Katerina Tzavella. 2021. "Bridging Gaps in Minimum Humanitarian Standards and Shelter Planning by Critical Infrastructures" Sustainability 13, no. 2: 849. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020849
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