Wood and Black Liquor-Based N-Doped Activated Carbon for Energy Application
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of the Materials
3.2. Electrochemical Characterization
3.2.1. Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) on Catalysts in Alkaline Media
3.2.2. Anode Material in Li Ion Batteries
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Material | Yield, % * | Ash, % | N, % | C, % | H, % | O, % | S, % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AWC | 38.5 | 0.01 | 0.72 | 96.18 | 0.69 | 2.41 | 0.13 |
AWC-N | 34.7 | 0.01 | 4.06 | 93.99 | 0.71 | 1.24 | 0.12 |
AWC2BL | 11.5 | 3.04 | 0.82 | 87.66 | 2.96 | 5.24 | 3.32 |
AWC2BL-N | 10.4 | 3.15 | 4.21 | 92.40 | 1.66 | 1.21 | 0.52 |
ABL | 6.2 | 6.74 | 0.49 | 70.07 | 2.32 | n.a. | 15.94 |
ABL-N | 5.6 | 6.94 | 4.75 | 86.29 | 2.30 | n.a. | 3.07 |
Material | Specific Surface Area (BET), m2 g−1 | Total Pore Volume, cm3 g−1 | Micropore Volume, cm3 g−1 | Mesopore Volume, cm3 g−1 | Average Pore Width, (nm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
AWC | 2733 | 1.52 | 0.86 | 0.66 | 2.23 |
AWC-N | 2631 | 1.60 | 0.82 | 0.79 | 2.44 |
AWC2BL | 2754 | 1.91 | 0.87 | 1.04 | 2.77 |
AWC2BL-N | 2690 | 1.92 | 0.84 | 1.08 | 2.87 |
ABL | 2104 | 2.35 | 0.68 | 1.67 | 4.42 |
ABL-N | 2481 | 2.88 | 0.82 | 2.06 | 4.66 |
Electrode Material | Working Potential Range, V | Electrolyte | Gravimetric Capacity, mAh g−1 | Capacity Retention | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Graphene oxide paper | 0.01–3.0 | - | 702 at 50 mAg−1 | 73% after 55 cycles | [66] |
Functionalized graphene paper | 0.01–3.0 | 1.15 M LiPF6 in EC:EMC:DMC (3:2:5) | 450 at 300 mAg−1 | - | [67] |
Si/C composite | 0.01–1.2 | 1.0 M LiPF6 in EC: PC: DMC (1:1:1) | 455 at 0.1C | 78% after 40 cycles | [68] |
AWC-N | 0.05–3.0 | LiPF6 in EC: DMC (1:1) | 543 at 0.5 C | 26% after 50 cycles | |
AWC2BL-N | 0.05–3.0 | LiPF6 in EC: DMC (1:1) | 149 at 0.5 C | 78% after 50 cycles | |
ABL-N | 0.05–3.0 | LiPF6 in EC: DMC (1:1) | 224 at 0.5 C | 12% after 50 cycles |
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Plavniece, A.; Volperts, A.; Dobele, G.; Zhurinsh, A.; Kaare, K.; Kruusenberg, I.; Kaprans, K.; Knoks, A.; Kleperis, J. Wood and Black Liquor-Based N-Doped Activated Carbon for Energy Application. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169237
Plavniece A, Volperts A, Dobele G, Zhurinsh A, Kaare K, Kruusenberg I, Kaprans K, Knoks A, Kleperis J. Wood and Black Liquor-Based N-Doped Activated Carbon for Energy Application. Sustainability. 2021; 13(16):9237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169237
Chicago/Turabian StylePlavniece, Ance, Aleksandrs Volperts, Galina Dobele, Aivars Zhurinsh, Kätlin Kaare, Ivar Kruusenberg, Kaspars Kaprans, Ainars Knoks, and Janis Kleperis. 2021. "Wood and Black Liquor-Based N-Doped Activated Carbon for Energy Application" Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9237. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169237