A Study on the Strategic Decision Making Used in the Revitalization of Fishing Village Tourism: Using A’WOT Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Sustainable Fishing Village Tourism
2.2. Hierarchical Decision-Making Approach A’WOT
3. Methods
3.1. Progress Step of A’WOT Approach
3.2. Model of Hierarchy Structure
3.3. Data Collection
4. Results
4.1. Relative Importance of SWOT Groups
4.2. Relative Importance of SWOT Factors
4.2.1. Local Weight
4.2.2. Global Weight
5. Discussion and Conclusions
6. Implication and Limitation
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- De Madariaga, C.J.; del Hoyo, J.J.G. Enhancing of the cultural fishing heritage and the development of tourism: A case study in Isla Cristina (Spain). Ocean. Coast. Manag. 2019, 168, 1–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, L.; Zhang, H. The Impact of Marine Tourism Resources Development on Sustainable Development of Marine Economy. J. Coast. Res. 2019, 94, 589–592. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guardian Media Group. Fish Stocks Continuing to Fall as Oceans Warm, Study Finds. 2019. Available online: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/feb/28/fish-stocks-continuing-to-fall-as-oceans-warm-study-finds (accessed on 30 April 2020).
- Allison, E.H.; Adger, W.N.; Badjeck, M.C.; Brown, K.; Conway, D.; Dulvy, N.K.; Reynolds, J.D. Effects of Climate Change on the Sustainability of Capture and Enhancement Fisheries Important to the Poor: Analysis of the Vulnerability and Adaptability of Fisherfolk Living in Poverty; Technical Report; Department for International Development: London, UK, September 2005. [Google Scholar]
- McClanahan, T.; Allison, E.; Cinner, J. Managing fisheries for human and food security. Fish Fish. 2013, 16, 78–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Perry, R.I.; Ommer, E.R.; Barange, M.; Jentoft, S.; Neis, B.; Sumaila, U.R. Marine social-ecological responses to environmental change and the impacts of globalization. Fish Fish. 2011, 12, 427–450. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Defeo, O.; Castrejón, M.; Ortega, L.; Kuhn, A.M.; Gutiérrez, N.L.; Castilla, J.C. Impacts of climate variability on Latin American small-scale fisheries. Ecol. Soc. 2013, 18, 30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Gao, J.; Wu, B. Revitalizing traditional villages through rural tourism: A case study of Yuanjia Village, Shaanxi Province, China. Tour. Manag. 2017, 63, 223–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hwang, D.; Stewart, W.P.; Ko, D.-W. Community Behavior and Sustainable Rural Tourism Development. J. Travel Res. 2011, 51, 328–341. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, W.-J.; Beeco, J.A.; Hallo, J.C.; Norman, W.C. Bundling attractions for rural tourism development. J. Sustain. Tour. 2016, 24, 1387–1402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gurung, D.B.; Seeland, K. Ecotourism in Bhutan: Extending its benefits to rural communities. Ann. Tour. Res. 2008, 35, 489–508. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sebastian, L.M.; Rajagopalan, P. Socio-cultural transformations through tourism: A comparison of residents’ perspectives at two destinations in Kerala, India. J. Tour. Cult. Chang. 2009, 7, 5–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, T.H.; Jan, F.-H.; Yang, C.-C. Conceptualizing and measuring environmentally responsible behaviors from the perspective of community-based tourists. Tour. Manag. 2013, 36, 454–468. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dodds, R.; Ali, A.; Galaski, K. Mobilizing knowledge: Determining key elements for success and pitfalls in developing community-based tourism. Curr. Issues Tour. 2016, 21, 1547–1568. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tang, R.; Kang, S.; Lee, W.S.; Park, S. Influence of residents’ perceptions of tourism development on their affective commitment, altruistic behavior, and civic virtue for community. Int. J. Tour. Res. 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, T.H.; Jan, F.-H. Can community-based tourism contribute to sustainable development? Evidence from residents’ perceptions of the sustainability. Tour. Manag. 2019, 70, 368–380. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, C.-L.; Chang, Y.-C. A transition beyond traditional fisheries: Taiwan’s experience with developing fishing tourism. Mar. Policy 2017, 79, 84–91. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rogelja, N.; Spreizer, A.J. Fish on the Move. In MARE Publication Series; Springer Science and Business Media LLC: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2017; Volume 11. [Google Scholar]
- González, R.C.L.; Piñeiro Antelo, M.D.L.Á. Fishing Tourism as an Opportunity for Sustainable Rural Development—The Case of Galicia, Spain. Land 2020, 9, 437. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. 2019 the 3rd Basic Plan for Development of Maritime Fisheries Industry (2021–2030). Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. Available online: https://www.mof.go.kr/synap/view.do?fn=MOF_ARTICLE_28390_2019123116f5a776100590&fd=202104 (accessed on 2 July 2021).
- Lacher, R.G.; Oh, C.O.; Jodice, L.W.; Norman, W.C. The role of heritage and cultural elements in coastal tourism destination preferences: A choice modeling–based analysis. J. Travel Res. 2013, 52, 534–546. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Porter, B.A.; Orams, M.B.; Lück, M. Surf-riding tourism in coastal fishing communities: A comparative case study of two projects from the Philippines. Ocean Coast. Manag. 2015, 116, 169–176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jodice, L.W.; Norman, W.C. Comparing importance and confidence for production and source attributes of seafood among residents and tourists in South Carolina and Florida coastal communities. Appetite 2020, 146, 104510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zavadskas, E.K.; Turskis, Z. Multiple Criteria Decision Making (Mcdm) Methods in Economics: An Overview/Daugiatiksliai Sprendimų Priėmimo Metodai Ekonomikoje: Apžvalga. Technol. Econ. Dev. Econ. 2011, 17, 397–427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Zavadskas, E.K.; Govindan, K.; Antucheviciene, J.; Turskis, Z. Hybrid multiple criteria decision-making methods: A review of applications for sustainability issues. Econ. Res. Ekon. Istraživanja 2016, 29, 857–887. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Turskis, Z.; Goranin, N.; Nurusheva, A.; Boranbayev, S. Information security risk assessment in critical infrastructure: A hybrid MCDM approach. Informatica 2019, 30, 187–211. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Glaesser, D.; Kester, J.; Paulose, H.; Alizadeh, A.; Valentin, B. Global travel patterns: An overview. J. Travel Med. 2017, 24, 1–5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jones, P.; Hillier, D.; Comfort, D. The Sustainable Development Goals and the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. Athens J. Tour. 2017, 4, 7–18. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nguyen, T.Q.T.; Young, T.; Johnson, P.; Wearing, S. Conceptualising networks in sustainable tourism development. Tour. Manag. Perspect. 2019, 32, 100575. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hall, C.M. Constructing sustainable tourism development: The 2030 agenda and the managerial ecology of sustainable tourism. J. Sustain. Tour. 2019, 27, 1044–1060. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Friedmann, J. Empowerment: The Politics of Alternative Development; Blackwell: Columbus, OH, USA, 1992. [Google Scholar]
- Mitchell, R.E.; Reid, D.G. Community integration: Island tourism in Peru. Ann. Tour. Res. 2001, 28, 113–139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Brugère, C.; Holvoet, K.; Allison, E.H. Livelihood Diversification in Coastal and Inland Fishing Communities: Mis-conceptions, Evidence, and Implications for Fisheries Management; Working paper for Sustainable Fisheries Livelihoods Programme (SFLP): Rome, Italy, June 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Budzich-Tabor, U. Area-based Local Development—A New Opportunity for European Fisheries Areas. In MARE Publication Series; Springer Science and Business Media LLC: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2014; pp. 183–197. [Google Scholar]
- Prosperi, P.; Kirwan, J.; Maye, D.; Bartolini, F.; Vergamini, D.; Brunori, G. Adaptation strategies of small-scale fisheries within changing market and regulatory conditions in the EU. Mar. Policy 2019, 100, 316–323. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Park, S.; Chung, N.; Lee, W. Preserving the Culture of Jeju Haenyeo (Women Divers) as a Sustainable Tourism Resource. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10564. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Howard, P.; Pinder, D. Cultural heritage and sustainability in the coastal zone: Experiences in south west England. J. Cult. Herit. 2003, 4, 57–68. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kaltenborn, B.P.; Linnell, J.D.C.; Baggethun, E.G.; Lindhjem, H.; Thomassen, J.; Chan, K.M. Ecosystem Services and Cultural Values as Building Blocks for ‘The Good life’. A Case Study in the Community of Røst, Lofoten Islands, Norway. Ecol. Econ. 2017, 140, 166–176. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. Fishing Village New-deal 300 Project. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. Available online: https://www.mof.go.kr/en/page.do?menuIdx=1487 (accessed on 2 July 2021).
- KBS NEWS. [Exploration K] Fishing Village New Deal (1) Stigma in Problem Business…Where’s the Rosy View? Available online: https://news.kbs.co.kr/news/view.do?ncd=5081537 (accessed on 30 April 2020).
- Agrinet. Fishing Village Tourism Diagnosis ③ Development Direction and Tasks. Available online: http://www.agrinet.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=67397 (accessed on 30 April 2020).
- The Agriculture, Fisheries, Livestock News. The Shadow of Extinction on the Fishing Village. Available online: http://www.aflnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=208740 (accessed on 30 April 2020).
- Zavadskas, E.; Turskis, Z.; Tamosaitiene, J. Selection of construction enterprises management strategy based on the SWOT and multi-criteria analysis. Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng. 2011, 11, 1063–1082. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kangas, J.; Kangas, A.; Leskinen, P.; Pykäläinen, J. MCDM methods in strategic planning of forestry on state-owned lands in Finland: Applications and experiences. J. Multi-Criteria Decis. Anal. 2001, 10, 257–271. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Canto-Perello, J.; Curiel-Esparza, J.; Calvo, V. Strategic decision support system for utility tunnel’s planning applying A’WOT method. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 2016, 55, 146–152. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bottero, M.; D’Alpaos, C.; Marello, A. An Application of the A’WOT Analysis for the Management of Cultural Heritage Assets: The Case of the Historical Farmhouses in the Aglié Castle (Turin). Sustainability 2020, 12, 1071. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kurttila, M.; Pesonen, M.; Kangas, J.; Kajanus, M. Utilizing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in SWOT analysis—a hybrid method and its application to a forest-certification case. For. Policy Econ. 2000, 1, 41–52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Saaty, T.L.; Vargas, L.G. How to make a decision. In Models, Methods, Concepts & Applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process; Springer: Boston, MA, USA, 2001; pp. 1–25. [Google Scholar]
- Pesonen, M.; Kurttila, M.; Kangas, J.; Kajanus, M.; Heinonen, P. Assessing the priorities using A’WOT among resource management strategies at the Finnish Forest and Park Service. For. Sci. 2001, 47, 534–541. [Google Scholar]
- Akbulak, C.; Cengiz, T. Determining ecotourism strategies using A’WOT hybrid method: Case study of Troia Historical National Park, Çanakkale, Turkey. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. 2013, 21, 380–388. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tavana, M.; Zareinejad, M.; Di Caprio, D.; Kaviani, M.A. An integrated intuitionistic fuzzy AHP and SWOT method for outsourcing reverse logistics. Appl. Soft Comput. 2016, 40, 544–557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abdel-Basset, M.; Mohamed, M.; Smarandache, F. An Extension of Neutrosophic AHP–SWOT Analysis for Strategic Planning and Decision-Making. Symmetry 2018, 10, 116. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kajanus, M.; Kangas, J.; Kurttila, M. The use of value focused thinking and the A’WOT hybrid method in tourism management. Tour. Manag. 2004, 25, 499–506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wickramasinghe, V.S.K.; Takano, S.E. Application of combined SWOT and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for tourism revival strategic marketing planning. In Proceedings of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies Volume 7 (The 8th International Conference of Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 2009), Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, Surabaya, Indonesia, 16–19 November 2009; p. 189. [Google Scholar]
- Moharramnejad, N.; Rahnamai, M.T.; Dorbeiki, M. Application of a’wot method in strategic management of sus-tainable tourism in a national park. Environ. Eng. Manag. J. 2017, 16, 471–480. [Google Scholar]
- Kişi, N. A Strategic Approach to Sustainable Tourism Development Using the A’WOT Hybrid Method: A Case Study of Zonguldak, Turkey. Sustainability 2019, 11, 964. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Saaty, T.L. Group Decision Making and the AHP. In The Analytic Hierarchy Process; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 1989; pp. 59–67. [Google Scholar]
- Saaty, T.; Vargas, L. Estimating technological coefficients by the analytic hierarchy process. Socio-Econ. Plan. Sci. 1979, 13, 333–336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheong, S.-M. Privatizing tendencies: Fishing communities and tourism in Korea. Mar. Policy 2003, 27, 23–29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lee, Y.J.; Song, Y.M.; Lee, K.P. A Typology of Experience Program of Fishing Village Tourism in Gangneung-An Application of Model of the Four Realms of an Experience by Pine & Gilmore. J. Fish. Mar. Sci. Educ. 2011, 23, 695–708. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, S.-G.; Midani, A.R. Fishery self-governance in fishing communities of South Korea. Mar. Policy 2015, 53, 27–32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, J.-Y.; Ai, W.-Z.; Hu, B.-H. The SWOT Analysis and Countermeasures Research of Zhoushan Leisure Fishery under the New Situation. DEStech Trans. Soc. Sci. Educ. Hum. Sci. 2018, 75–79. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Lee, S.; Walsh, P. SWOT and AHP hybrid model for sport marketing outsourcing using a case of intercollegiate sport. Sport Manag. Rev. 2011, 14, 361–369. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
SWOT Groups | SWOT Factors | |
---|---|---|
Strengths (S) | S1 | Possession of natural resources of diverse and distinctive fishing villages by sea and region |
S2 | Geographical advantages of meeting the sea and land | |
S3 | The development of a unique form of food, clothing, and shelter cultures that have traditionally existed | |
S4 | Industrial characteristics that are easy to combine with tourism | |
Weaknesses (W) | W1 | The outflow of fishing villages and the acceleration of the aging population |
W2 | The monotonous use of fishing village resources | |
W3 | The absence of a control tower for fishing village tourism | |
W4 | Tourists flock to certain seasons only | |
Opportunities (O) | O1 | Promotion of fishing village development projects related to SOC projects, such as fishing village and fishing port regeneration projects |
O2 | Increased demand for leisure, rest, and ecotourism | |
O3 | Various income generation support policies for the influx of people returning to the fishing village | |
O4 | Continuing interest in marine leisure tourism | |
Treats (T) | T1 | Difficulty in establishing a new influx of population due to the exclusive culture of fishing communities |
T2 | Restrictive legal or institutional regulation provisions | |
T3 | Increased damage caused by climate change and risk factors related to marine environmental pollution | |
T4 | Possibility of losing the original meaning of competitive tourism development |
SWOT Groups | Weights | SWOT Groups Rank |
---|---|---|
Strengths (S) | 0.318 | 2 |
Weaknesses (W) | 0.174 | 4 |
Opportunities (O) | 0.328 | 1 |
Treats (T) | 0.179 | 3 |
CR = 0.024 < 0.1 |
SWOT Groups | Group Weights | SWOT Factors | Local | Global | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weights | Rank | Weights | Rank | |||
Strengths (S) | 0.318 | Possession of natural resources of diverse and distinctive fishing villages by sea and region | 0.410 | 1 | 0.130 | 2 |
Geographical advantages of meeting the sea and land | 0.156 | 4 | 0.050 | 10 | ||
The development of a unique form of food, clothing, and shelter cultures that have traditionally existed | 0.185 | 3 | 0.059 | 6 | ||
Industrial characteristics that are easy to combine with tourism | 0.249 | 2 | 0.079 | 4 | ||
Weaknesses (W) | 0.174 | The outflow of fishing villages and the acceleration of the aging population | 0.220 | 3 | 0.038 | 14 |
The monotonous use of fishing village resources | 0.304 | 1 | 0.053 | 8 | ||
The absence of a control tower for fishing village tourism | 0.267 | 2 | 0.047 | 12 | ||
Tourists flock to certain seasons only | 0.210 | 4 | 0.037 | 15 | ||
Opportunities (O) | 0.328 | Promotion of fishing village development projects related to SOC projects, such as fishing village and fishing port regeneration projects | 0.183 | 3 | 0.060 | 5 |
Increased demand for leisure, rest, and ecotourism | 0.406 | 1 | 0.133 | 1 | ||
Various income generation support policies for the influx of people returning to fishing villages | 0.151 | 4 | 0.049 | 11 | ||
Continuing interest in marine leisure tourism | 0.260 | 2 | 0.085 | 3 | ||
Treats (T) | 0.179 | Difficulty in establishing a new influx of population due to the exclusive culture of fishing communities | 0.184 | 4 | 0.033 | 16 |
Restrictive legal or institutional regulation provisions | 0.239 | 3 | 0.043 | 13 | ||
Increased damage caused by climate change and risk factors related to marine environmental pollution | 0.279 | 2 | 0.050 | 9 | ||
Possibility of losing the original meaning of competitive tourism development | 0.297 | 1 | 0.053 | 7 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Lee, S.; Kim, D.; Park, S.; Lee, W. A Study on the Strategic Decision Making Used in the Revitalization of Fishing Village Tourism: Using A’WOT Analysis. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7472. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137472
Lee S, Kim D, Park S, Lee W. A Study on the Strategic Decision Making Used in the Revitalization of Fishing Village Tourism: Using A’WOT Analysis. Sustainability. 2021; 13(13):7472. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137472
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Sangmin, Donghan Kim, Sunwoo Park, and Wonseok Lee. 2021. "A Study on the Strategic Decision Making Used in the Revitalization of Fishing Village Tourism: Using A’WOT Analysis" Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7472. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137472