Integrating Data-Based Strategies and Advanced Technologies with Efficient Air Pollution Management in Smart Cities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Research Model and Hypotheses
3.1. Research Model
3.2. Hypotheses
4. Research Design
4.1. Research Method
4.2. Instrumentation and Data Collection
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. The Role of Artificial Intelligence
5.2. IoT Influences in Controlling Pollution
5.3. Role of Innovative Leadership
5.4. Role of Citizen Participation
6. Conclusions and Policy Implication
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Questionnaire (Five-Point Likert Scale)
- Are you a citizen of Pakistan?
- What is your level of education?
- Are you a government employee?
- Are you a permanent employee in a government sector?
- I believe that most of Pakistan’s population is breathing polluted air.
- I believe that air pollution is a major environmental problem in Pakistan.
- I believe that air pollution is a major cause behind many lung and heart diseases in Pakistan.
- I believe that air pollution will be more harmful in the future in Pakistan.
- I believe that air pollution requires a technological solution in Pakistan.
- I believe that a smart city can influence air pollution.
- I believe that the environment can be improved through the smart city concept.
- I believe that a smart city can monitor air pollution more efficiently.
- I believe that a smart city concept will be effective at controlling air pollution.
- I believe it is easier to work on controlling air pollution in a smart city.
- I believe that artificial intelligence can predict air pollution in hours.
- I believe that air pollution should be controlled through artificial intelligence in urban areas of Pakistan.
- I believe that artificial intelligence could help polluting factories switch to cleaner units for a good environment.
- I believe that artificial intelligence can be used to locate the areas where air is polluted.
- I believe that, through artificial intelligence, polluting factors can be tracked easily.
- I believe that Internet of Things sensors provide updates and predict air pollution in real time.
- I believe that factors causing air pollution can be changed with the help of the Internet of Things.
- I believe that artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things is required in Pakistan to overcome environmental problems.
- I believe that, through the Internet of Things, air pollution would be controlled.
- I believe that a smart city can collect data faster through the Internet of Things and can monitor air pollution faster.
- I believe that leadership in Pakistan must take initiatives to introduce the smart city concept to remove air pollution.
- I believe that improving the environment is a responsibility of government.
- I believe that leadership in a smart city can help to reduce air pollution.
- I believe that smart leadership is required to control air pollution.
- I believe that citizen participation is mandatory to implement the smart city concept to reduce air pollution.
- I believe that a smart city will have positive impact on a citizen’s life.
- I believe that citizen participation in a smart city can help to reduce air pollution.
- I believe that citizen participation is required to reduce air pollution.
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Factors | Internet of Things | Innovative Leadership | Citizen Participation | Air Pollution |
---|---|---|---|---|
Artificial intelligence | 0.446 ** | 0.407 ** | 0.427 ** | 0.602 ** |
Internet of Things | 0.446 ** | 0.422 ** | 0.296 ** | |
Innovative leadership | 0.303 ** | 0.261 ** | ||
Citizen participation | 0.436 ** |
IV | DV | Beta (β) | T | F | R2 | Sig. | Multicollinearity | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tolerance | VIF | |||||||
AI | AP | 0.649 | 9.245 | 85.468 | 0.363 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
IOT | AP | 0.319 | 3.800 | 14.437 | 0.088 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
IL | AP | 0.380 | 3.315 | 10.987 | 0.068 | 0.001 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
CP | AP | 0.618 | 5.935 | 35.226 | 0.190 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 |
Hypothesis | Factor | F-Value | Sig. * Value | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | Artificial intelligence positively affects management of air pollution | 85.468 | 0.000 | Accepted |
H2 | The Internet of Things has a positive influence on management of air pollution | 14.437 | 0.000 | Accepted |
H3 | Innovative leadership has a positive relationship with the management of air pollution | 10.987 | 0.001 | Accepted |
H4 | Citizen participation positively influences the management of air pollution | 35.226 | 0.000 | Accepted |
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Myeong, S.; Shahzad, K. Integrating Data-Based Strategies and Advanced Technologies with Efficient Air Pollution Management in Smart Cities. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137168
Myeong S, Shahzad K. Integrating Data-Based Strategies and Advanced Technologies with Efficient Air Pollution Management in Smart Cities. Sustainability. 2021; 13(13):7168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137168
Chicago/Turabian StyleMyeong, Seunghwan, and Khurram Shahzad. 2021. "Integrating Data-Based Strategies and Advanced Technologies with Efficient Air Pollution Management in Smart Cities" Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7168. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137168