How Green FinTech Can Alleviate the Impact of Climate Change—The Case of Switzerland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Research Methodology
3. Literature Review
- Provider type: One major category to distinguish green FinTech solutions from the literature analysis is the provider type. This can either be a banking solution (FinTech) or an insurance-related solution (InsurTech).
- Interaction type: The interaction type relates to the stakeholders who are involved in a green FinTech or InsurTech solution. For example, in the example of energy production, distribution and consumption, consumer-to-consumer (c2c), business-to-consumer (b2c) and business-to-business (b2b) interactions are relevant, while for peer-to-peer energy networks in which only consumers are involved, only c2c plays a relevant role (e.g., [36,39]).
- Direct financial processes: Direct financial processes are specific green FinTech processes like advisory, payments, investments, financing, non-life insurance, life insurance, underwriting, claims management and other cross-processes. Examples in this field are robo-advisors, which enable customers to invest in green asset classes (investments) through self-advice (advisory).
- Indirect financial processes: Very often, the literature uses green FinTech in the context of other industries like the energy sector, agricultural supply chains or the mobility sector to leverage FinTech. One example is a supply chain solution that includes digital financing possibilities for farmers in developing countries [26]. In these cases, FinTech supports such solutions by providing indirect financial processes, such aspayments, investments, etc.
- SDGs: The fourth and last category is the UN Sustainable Development Goals (https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals), which are often mentioned in the identified literature as a basis for the mapping to specific sustainability goals. An example is an analysis of the digital agendas and sustainability goals of smart city lighthouse initiatives from the European Commission, which are mapped against the SDGs [78].
4. Environmental Sustainability in Switzerland
5. The Green FinTech Landscape in Switzerland
6. Discussion of the Results
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Search Terms | “green FinTech” OR |
“green financial technology” OR | |
“green digital finance” OR | |
“climate” AND “FinTech” OR | |
“sustainability” AND “FinTech” | |
Databases | |
AIS Electronic Library | 11 (49; 3196) |
Business Source Complete | 16 (36; 2550) |
ScienceDirect | 18 (75; 70,355) |
Google Scholar | 11 (33; 16,616) |
Total sample | 56 (193; 92,717) |
Paper | Publication Title | Paper Title | Focus |
---|---|---|---|
[26] | Energy Procedia | Digital Marketplace and FinTech to Support Agriculture Sustainability | FinTech offers farmers novel services like crowdfunding and digital payment systems. |
[27] | Journal of Cleaner Production | Sustainable supply chain Finance: Towards a research agenda | Concept how sustainable supply chain finance performance might be improved by a literature analysis to find gaps and prospects for future research. |
[28] | Ecological Economics | Can Financial Technology Innovate Benefit Distribution in Payments for Ecosystem Services and REDD+? | FinTech effects on payment systems, especially in terms of social benefit distribution and economic development. |
[29] | Energy Research & Social Science | “Breakthroughs” for a green economy? Financialization and clean energy transition | Opportunities for venture capitalists and entrepreneurs in the U.S. to produce clean energy. One potential solution is investments into clean energy FinTech start-ups. |
[30] | Sustainability | FinTech and Sustainable Development: Evidence from China Based on p2p Data | Explore relationship between FinTech and sustainable development in Chinese companies considering regional heterogeneity. |
[31] | Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability | Transforming agribusiness in developing countries: SDGs and the role of FinTech | How including FinTech developments can foster green footprint of agribusiness in developing countries. |
[32] | European Business and Organization Law Review | Sustainability, FinTech and Financial Inclusion | Develop four pillars to achieve the full potential of FinTech to support the SDG goals. These pillars are related to infrastructure and legal issues. |
[33] | Sustainability | Feasibility of the Fintech Industry as an Innovation Platform for Sustainable Economic Growth in Korea | Evaluation how demand- and supply-driven as well as industry models might link FinTech and sustainable economic growth. |
[34] | Asian Development Bank Institute Working Paper | The role of fintech in unlocking green finance: Policy insights for developing countries | Analyze European cases of blockchain implementation to develop renewable energy production. Extrapolates implications for developing countries. |
[35] | Handbook of Green Finance | Energy Security and Sustainable Development | Explains ways to finance green projects for implementing SDGs in the context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. |
[36] | Working Paper | Discovering Blockchain for Sustainable Product-Service Systems to enhance the Circular Economy | Implementation of FinTech into product-service systems in terms of a product-life cycle model. |
[37] | Working Paper | Understanding and Measuring the Ecological Sustainability of the Blockchain Technology | Introduces a measurement framework that offers a panoramic view of the environmental concerns associated with blockchain technologies in a cryptocurrency context. |
[38] | Working Paper | Blockchain in the Green Treasure: Different Investment Objectives | Case study of a blockchain application in the management of the “Green Treasure Program”. |
[39] | Working Paper | Processing Electric Vehicle Charging Transactions in a Blockchain-based Information System | Investigates how electric vehicle charging-related data can be stored and validated on a blockchain and how EV charging payment transactions can be processed on a blockchain. |
[40] | Business & Information Systems Engineering | Blockchain Token Sale | Explores the implementation of smart contracts to implement and execute token sales. |
[41] | Computer Aided Chemical Engineering | A Blockchain Framework for Containerized Food Supply Chains | Explores how blockchain technologies can help to implement containerized supply chains. |
[42] | Transforming Climate Finance and Green Investment with Blockchains | Decoding the Current Global Climate Finance Architecture | Investigates ways to use blockchain technologies to boost global climate finance flows and achieve the Paris Agreement goals. |
[43] | Geoforum | Cryptocarbon: The promises and pitfalls of forest protection on a blockchain | How blockchain can help to address fundamental problems with market-based forest protection globally. |
[44] | Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing | System architecture for blockchain based transparency of supply chain social sustainability | Develops a system architecture that integrates the use of blockchain, internet-of-things (IoT) and big data analytics to allow sellers to monitor their supply chain social sustainability efficiently and effectively. |
[45] | International Journal of Information Management | Blockchain technology in supply chain management for sustainable performance: Evidence from the airport industry | Investigates the major implications of blockchain technology for operations management with a focus on the decision-making processes in supply chain management from the perspective of sustainable performance. |
[46] | Applied Energy | Applying blockchain in the geoenergy domain: The road to interoperability and standards | Potentials of blockchain technologies to develop the geo-energy sector. |
[47] | Resources Policy | The development of energy blockchain and its implications for China's energy sector | Analyzes how China can employ blockchain technology to reform its energy sector. |
[48] | Journal of Electronic Science and Technology | Blockchain energy: Blockchain in future energy systems | Discusses the applicability and prospects for blockchain-based technologies in the energy sector. |
[49] | Journal of Cleaner Production | Proposing the use of blockchain to improve the solid waste management in small municipalities | Use of blockchains for the solid waste management in a small municipality in Brazil. |
[50] | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | Exploring blockchain for the energy transition: Opportunities and challenges based on a case study in Japan | Blockchain contribution for sustainable energy production. |
[51] | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews | Review of blockchain-based distributed energy: Implications for institutional development | Explore potential challenges of blockchain-based p2p microgrids and propose practical implications for institutional development as well as academia. |
[52] | Proceedings of ICT for Sustainability | Boosting the Renewable Energy Economy with NRGcoin | Explores the concept of a digital coin called “NRGcoin” and its benefits for stakeholders in a smart grid and for the renewable energy economy as a whole. |
[53] | Computer Communication | Research on the application of block chain big data platform in the construction of new smart city for low carbon emission and green environment | Explores the role of a smart big data platform for the development of smart cities. |
[54] | Sustainability | Opinions on Sustainability of Smart Cities in the Context of Energy Challenges Posed by Cryptocurrency Mining | Contextualizes the energy-use in smart cities through mining of virtual currencies, in order to predict whether or not smart cities can truly be sustainable if crypto-mining is sustained. |
[55] | Amfiteatru Economic | Blockchain applications and sustainability issues. | Analyzes recent trends in the applications of blockchain technology in the cryptocurrencies market considering environmental sustainability and social impacts. |
[56] | Working Paper | Biomass blockchain as a factor of energetical sustainability development | Explores how a biomass blockchain enables simplification of biomass production process, thus saving resources and contributing to the expansion of forests and the development of a common energy system. |
[57] | Computer Science – Research and Development | A blockchain-based smart grid: towards sustainable local energy markets | Develops a market design and simulation study about blockchain effects on sustainable local energy markets. |
[58] | Handbook of Sustainability and Social Science Research | Blockchain for Good? Digital Ledger Technology and Sustainable Development Goals | Reflects on innovative “blockchain for good” applications that could help deliver socially and environmentally beneficial outcomes, framed in terms of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. |
[59] | Resources, Conservation and Recycling | Blockchain critical success factors for sustainable supply chain | Use of blockchain technology to develop efficient sustainable supply chain management. |
[60] | Delaware Journal of Corporate Law | Blockchain, Law, and Business Supply Chains: The Need for Governance and Legal Frameworks to Achieve Sustainability | Explores weaknesses of blockchain technology in the context of supply chains and its vaunted potential to help firms reduce harms. |
[61] | Energy Research & Social Science | Decarbonizing Bitcoin: Law and policy choices for reducing the energy consumption of Blockchain technologies and digital currencies | Examines government intervention choices to de-socialize negative environmental externalities caused by high-energy consuming blockchain technology designs. |
[62] | Sustainability | Application of Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Energy Systems: An Overview | Usage of blockchain technology in internet of things scenarios. |
[63] | Sustainability | How Blockchain Can Shape Sustainable Global Value Chains: An Evidence, Verifiability, and Enforceability (EVE) Framework | Development of a framework to illustrate how blockchain can enhance sustainability by providing information to consumers on the origin of products. |
[64] | Sustainability | Blockchain Practices, Potentials, and Perspectives in Greening Supply Chains | Analyzes the link between green FinTech and supply chain technologies. |
[65] | Sustainability | Blockchain Enhanced Emission Trading Framework in Fashion Apparel Manufacturing Industry | Usage of blockchain technology to energize an innovative environmentally sustainable solution. |
[66] | International Journal of Production Research | Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management | How blockchain technologies and smart contracts can be used to improve supply chain management. |
[67] | ADBI Working Paper | Blockchain and tokenized securities: the potential for green finance | Assess the potential of blockchain-based security tokens to address high transaction costs for certification and monitoring, and high minimum investment sizes. |
[68] | Sustainability | Implementing Blockchain Technology in Irrigation Systems That Integrate Photovoltaic Energy Generation Systems | Usage of blockchain technologies for irrigation systems. |
[69] | Working Paper | A taxonomy of consumer-oriented smart energy business models | Analyzes how the internet of things can transform the energy sector with the use of smart energy products. |
[70] | Working Paper | Positioning of green information systems and technology from an ecosystem perspective | Analyzes eco-focused information systems and technology as a crossing between sustainable ecosystem and business ecosystem research. |
[71] | Working Paper | An Exploration on the Impact of Internet of Things (IoT) towards Environmental Sustainability in Malaysia | Explores the effects of the internet of things on environmental issues in Malaysia. |
[72] | Working Paper | Greening and Optimizing Energy Consumption of Sensor Nodes in the Internet of Things through Energy Harvesting: Challenges and Approaches | Develops improvements in emerging energy techniques to revolutionize the internet of things landscape. |
[73] | Working Paper | An Acceptance Model for User-Centric Persuasive Environmental Sustainable IS | Analyzes the acceptance of user-centric persuasive green information systems and positive potentials of persuasive design principles on the acceptance of them. |
[74] | Energy Policy | Changing power: Shifting the role of electricity consumers with blockchain technology – Policy implications for EU electricity law | Analyzes the main policy implications for the EU electricity law to implement blockchain technologies into electricity system. |
[75] | Working Paper | A Framework for Blockchain Based Secure Smart Green House Farming | Develops a lightweight blockchain based architecture for smart greenhouse farms. |
[76] | Energy Policy | China's supply of critical raw materials: Risks for Europe's solar and wind industries? | Analyzes risks of supply chains of raw materials from China to the EU and how the can be reduced by FinTech. |
[77] | Working Paper | Grid Technology as Green IT Strategy? Empirical Results from the Financial Services Industry | Analyzes capabilities of grid technology to reduce the environmental impact of IT hardware. |
[78] | Sustainable Cities and Society | Smart-sustainability: A new urban fix? | Develops a concept of urban smart sustainability. |
[79] | Sustainability | A Sustainable Home Energy Prosumer-Chain Methodology with Energy Tags over the Blockchain | Develops a power trade system that can promote a sustainable electrical energy transaction ecosystem between prosumers and consumers of smart homes. |
[80] | Intelligent Computing & Optimization | Blockchain Technology in Smart City: A New Opportunity for Smart Environment and Smart Mobility | Explores the integration of innovative and multi-purpose blockchain technology for smart cities. |
[81] | Working Paper | How blockchain facilitates smart city applications – development of multi-layer taxonomy | Develops a multi-layer taxonomy for how blockchain can be used in different smart city business models |
Topic Groups | Description | Research Methods | Research Results | SDG Goals | Papers |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fintech and environmental sustainability | Overall, discussion of FinTech impact on climate change actions, clean energy, clean water, etc. |
|
| 7. Affordable and clean energy 13. Climate action | [26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35] |
Blockchain, tokens, cryptocurrency and environmental sustainability | The role of blockchain technology to meet climate change actions like clean energy production, etc. |
|
| 7. Affordable and clean energy 12. Responsible consumption and production 13. Climate action 14. Life below water | [36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68] |
Internet of things (IoT) and FinTech-enabled environmental sustainability | The effects of IoT in the context of FinTech on unlocking cleaner energy production. |
|
| 7. Affordable and clean energy 11. Sustainable cities 13. Climate action | [69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77] |
Smart cities, smart home and FinTech-enabled environmental sustainability | Development of smart houses and cities by means of FinTech. |
|
| 7. Affordable and clean energy 11. Sustainable cities 13. Climate action | [78,79,80,81] |
Nr. | Green FinTech Provider | Description of Solution |
---|---|---|
1 | Beedoo | Beedoo provides an impact investment platform for consumers who aim to invest in sustainable firms and assets. |
2 | Bitlumens | BitLumens distributes solar power devices in areas without a power-grid and connects them to the blockchain. By using the devices, people build up credit scores, and investors can view where the machines are located and how much power these generate. Remitters can pay for their family′s electricity bills providing transparency and security of transactions. |
3 | Bloomio | Bloomio is a digital investment platform that connects individual investors with sustainability-oriented projects. |
4 | Blueyellow | blueyellow digitalizes green energy investments through a platform for buying and selling renewable energy FinTech solutions. |
5 | Carbon Delta | Carbon Delta provides the “Climate Value-at-Risk” (CVaR) solution, which is a valuation assessment method to measure climate-related risks and opportunities in an investment portfolio. It offers insights into how climate change could affect company valuations. |
6 | CelsiusPro | CelsiusPro is an InsurTech company that specializes in industrializing index insurance solutions to mitigate the effects of adverse weather, climate change and natural catastrophes. |
7 | Covalence | Covalence supports investors in integrating environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors while controlling greenwashing based on an artificial intelligence-based scoring system. |
8 | Energy Web | Energy Web is a nonprofit organization focusing on a low-carbon, customer-centric electricity system based on blockchain and other decentralized technologies. It focuses on building core infrastructure and shared technology. |
9 | Greenmatch | Greenmatch provides a solution to analyze, track the performance of and allow buying and selling of wind energy, photovoltaics, hydropower and biomass projects on a digital marketplace. |
10 | Ground_Up | Ground_Up source connects the entrepreneur and investor sides of the SDG investment marketplace for investments under $20 million that contribute to the SDGs. |
11 | Guruvest | Guruvest is a platform for impact investing by using blockchain and collective intelligence. It decouples the investment decision process from the holding of the assets and uses artificial intelligence to categorize and match trading strategies with investors, similar to the Amazon recommendation engine. |
12 | Impaakt | Impaakt develops company impact scores, which indicate the environmental and social value of a company. The scale runs from −5 to +5 based on the positive or negative impact a company has on the world. The scores are built based on articles and ratings contributed by the Impaakt community. |
13 | IUCN Green List & Porini | The IUCN Green List of Protected and Conserved Areas is a global standard of best practice for area-based conservation. It is a blockchain-based solution of certification for protected and conserved areas like national parks, natural World Heritage sites, community-conserved areas, nature reserves, etc. |
14 | My Drop in the Ocean | My Drop in the Ocean develops a global currency platform called DIO. It rewards consumers and businesses for their sustainable actions, in turn, returning value to nature. The platform creates a link between the value of environmental costs and the issuing of a digital currency that can be used by consumers to pay for purchases at participating businesses. DIO is initially issued equitably to individuals as credits, reflecting nature’s shared value to all of us, and are converted to rewards through sustainable actions captured on the online platform. |
15 | Pexapark | Pexapark develops digital forms of financial power purchase agreements (PPA, also called virtual PPA and synthetic PPA) for firms to purchase renewable energy, which provides financial security for lending institutions, such as banks, to invest in a renewables project. |
16 | Plumseeds/Symbiotics | Plumseeds provides an impact investment portfolio solution for professional investors. The platform offers a selection of Symbiotics’ impact bonds, which were previously only available to large investment funds and banks. This means that also accredited professional investors can invest smaller amounts alongside these institutions. |
17 | Raisenow | Raisenow is a solution for online fundraising for charities, associations, event organizers, political organizations, and crowdfunding platforms. |
18 | Raizers | Raizers provides a digital crowdfunding platform for environmental based investments in real estate. |
19 | RepRisk | RepRisk provides an ESG data platform that includes data about more than 150,000 firms worldwide and allows investors to analyze their investments more comprehensively. It allows in-depth risk research on companies, infrastructure projects, sectors, and countries, identify the industry-specific material ESG risks. |
20 | Selma Finance | Selma Finance is a robo-advisor that focuses on impact investments based on individual investment choices. |
21 | Share&Charge | Share&Charge is an open charging network for electric vehicles based on blockchain. Among other charging related services, it offers payment services to the users. |
22 | 3rd Eyes | 3rd Eyes provides a digital platform for financial institutions to deliver goal-based investing with scenario-based asset–liability management methods, integrating sustainable investing in the advisory process. |
23 | yourSRI.com | yourSRI’s “ESG Fund and Portfolio Screening” solution allows investors to identify the ESG footprint based on evaluations of more than 7500 firms. |
24 | Yova | Yova is an impact investment robo-advisor offering clients the ability to develop and manage sustainable investment portfolios. |
Nr. | Green FinTech Provider | Location | Provider Type | Interaction Type | Direct Financial Process | Indirect as Part of other Process | SDGs | |||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FinTech | InsurTech | c2c | b2c | b2b | Advisory | Payments | Investments | Financing | Non-life Insurance | Life Insurance | Underwriting | Claims Management | Cross-Process | Mobility | Health | Education and Work | Entertainment and Comm. | Shopping and Logistics | Living (power, food, etc.) | Leisure | 7 Affordable and Clean Energy | 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities | 12 Responsible Consumption and Production | 13 Climate Action | 14 Life Below Water | 15 Life on Land | 17 Partnerships for the Goals | |||
1 | Beedoo | Borex | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||
2 | Bitlumens | Zug | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Bloomio | Zug | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||
4 | Blueyellow | Dübendorf | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||||||
5 | Carbon Delta | Zurich | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||
6 | CelsiusPro | Zurich | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||||
7 | Covalence | Geneva | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Energy Web | Zug | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||||||
9 | greenmatch | Binningen | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | Ground_Up | Geneva | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | Guruvest | Rolle | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | Impaakt | Geneva | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | IUCN green List and Porini | Gland | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | My Drop in the Ocean | Geneva | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Pexapark | Schlieren | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | Plumseeds/Symbiotics | Geneva | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Raisenow | Zurich | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | Raizers | Geneva | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | RepRisk | Zurich | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | Selma Finance | Zurich | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | Share&Charge | Zug | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | 3rd Eyes | Zurich | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||
23 | yourSRI.com | Ruggell (LI) | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | Yova | Zurich | • | • | • | • |
Nr. | Green FinTech Provider | Location | Provider Type | Interaction Type | Direct Financial Process | SDGs | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bank | Insurer | Investment Manager | (Pension) Fund | Rating Agency | c2c | b2c | b2b | Advisory | Payments | Investments | Financing | Non-life Insurance | Life Insurance | Underwriting | Claims Management | Cross-Process | 7 Affordable and Clean Energy | 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities | 12 Responsible Consumption and Production | 13 Climate Action | 14 Life Below Water | 15 Life on Land | 17 Partnerships for the Goals | |||
1 | Ethos | Zurich | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||
2 | GlobalanceBank wealth footprint | Zurich | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||
3 | Lombard Odier | Geneva | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||
4 | 1bank4all | Basel | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||
5 | OLZ AG | Zurich | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||
6 | responsAbility Fair Trade Fund | Zurich | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||||||||
7 | Raiffeisen eValo | St. Gallen | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||||||
8 | RobecoSAM | Zürich | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||
9 | Swiss Re | Zurich | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | |||||||||||||
10 | Technology Fund | Zurich | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||||||||
11 | UBS Environmental and Social Risk (ESR) Framework | Zurich | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||
12 | Zürcher Kantonalbank | Zurich | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | • | ||||||||||||||
13 | Zurich Risk Advisor | Zurich | • | • | • | • |
Potentials of Green FinTech | Description |
---|---|
Financial system | Green FinTech holds the potential to transform the existing financial system in all areas, including payments, investments, financing, advice and insurance by, e.g., directing capital in green investments, improve data for the evaluation of green companies, etc. |
Economic impact | As green FinTech enables the transformation of the financial system, this also has a major effect on the economy as a whole by, e.g., creating novel sustainable business models, startups, etc. |
c2c transactions | c2c transactions improve value chains through disintermediation in areas where decentralization is emerging. Among the examples are energy production and consumption, ride-sharing services, etc., which become possible by novel green FinTech approaches. |
Cross-industry ecosystems | Cross-industry ecosystems that connect green FinTech services-with-services from other industries like mobility, energy, logistics, etc. enable completely new application areas like machine-to-machine payments for mobility services, etc. |
Data models and transparency | Data-driven green FinTech solutions allow more transparency about firms and value chains as they combine external and internal data sets and thus offer better decision-making instruments. |
Innovation | Cooperation of incumbents and non-financial institutions that provide innovative green FinTech solutions enable a higher degree of innovation in this field that, for example, allows cross-institutional mechanisms and standards. |
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Puschmann, T.; Hoffmann, C.H.; Khmarskyi, V. How Green FinTech Can Alleviate the Impact of Climate Change—The Case of Switzerland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410691
Puschmann T, Hoffmann CH, Khmarskyi V. How Green FinTech Can Alleviate the Impact of Climate Change—The Case of Switzerland. Sustainability. 2020; 12(24):10691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410691
Chicago/Turabian StylePuschmann, Thomas, Christian Hugo Hoffmann, and Valentyn Khmarskyi. 2020. "How Green FinTech Can Alleviate the Impact of Climate Change—The Case of Switzerland" Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410691
APA StylePuschmann, T., Hoffmann, C. H., & Khmarskyi, V. (2020). How Green FinTech Can Alleviate the Impact of Climate Change—The Case of Switzerland. Sustainability, 12(24), 10691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410691