Using a DEA–AutoML Approach to Track SDG Achievements
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- implementing a stratification DEA to evaluate the ES and ET, and to examine the PO that will turn an inefficient DMU into an efficient DMU;
- applying AutoML to predict the three outcomes of the DEA using classification algorithms to determine the ET and regression algorithms to predict the ES and PO;
- using a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to produce a series of the same results to validate the AutoML outputs by comparing the rates of precision and accuracy along with the number of DMUs within an acceptable percentage error (PRED);
- employing DEA by using the predicted PO from the AutoML and BPNN to evaluate the ES and compare them to validate the integrative approach.
2.1. Stratification DEA
2.2. Automated Machine Learning
2.3. Integration Between DEA and Machine Learning
- first evaluate the ES using DEA, then manually group the DMUs based on the ES ranges, and finally predict the groups using an NN [52];
- first evaluate the ET and PO using a stratification DEA and then predict the ET and PO with an NN [5];
- first evaluate the ET using a stratification DEA to preprocess the NN learning datasets and then predict groups using each stratified learning datasets with an NN [56].
2.4. Data Description of the Sustainability Study in the BRI Region
2.5. Data Description of the COVID-19 Pandemic Study
3. The BRI Sustainability Study
3.1. Result of the DEA Experiment
3.2. Result of the AutoML Experiment
4. The COVID-19 Pandemic Study
4.1. Result of the DEA Experiment
4.2. Result of the AutoML Experiment
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDG7 | SDG8 | SDG9 | Distance | SDG7 | SDG8 | SDG9 | Distance | SDG7 | SDG8 | SDG9 | Distance | SDG7 | SDG8 | SDG9 | Distance | SDG7 | SDG8 | SDG9 | Distance | SDG7 | SDG8 | SDG9 | Distance | SDG7 | SDG8 | SDG9 | Distance | |
AE | 1.000 | 0.944 | 1.000 | 0.056 | 1.000 | 0.892 | 1.000 | 0.108 | 1.000 | 0.933 | 1.000 | 0.067 | 1.000 | 0.961 | 1.000 | 0.039 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
AO | 1.000 | 0.271 | 0.386 | 0.953 | 1.000 | 0.272 | 0.381 | 0.956 | 1.000 | 0.301 | 0.364 | 0.945 | 1.000 | 0.297 | 0.375 | 0.941 | 1.000 | 0.302 | 0.336 | 0.964 | 1.000 | 0.303 | 0.332 | 0.965 | 1.000 | 0.316 | 0.330 | 0.957 |
AT * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
AZ | 1.000 | 0.281 | 0.953 | 0.720 | 1.000 | 0.287 | 0.905 | 0.719 | 1.000 | 0.299 | 1.000 | 0.701 | 1.000 | 0.306 | 1.000 | 0.694 | 1.000 | 0.304 | 1.000 | 0.696 | 1.000 | 0.306 | 1.000 | 0.694 | 1.000 | 0.314 | 1.000 | 0.686 |
BA | 0.997 | 0.735 | 1.000 | 0.265 | 1.000 | 0.697 | 1.000 | 0.303 | 1.000 | 0.729 | 1.000 | 0.271 | 1.000 | 0.778 | 1.000 | 0.222 | 1.000 | 0.741 | 1.000 | 0.259 | 1.000 | 0.678 | 1.000 | 0.322 | 1.000 | 0.656 | 0.997 | 0.344 |
BD | 1.000 | 0.216 | 0.949 | 0.785 | 1.000 | 0.223 | 0.963 | 0.778 | 1.000 | 0.224 | 0.986 | 0.776 | 1.000 | 0.234 | 1.000 | 0.766 | 1.000 | 0.266 | 1.000 | 0.734 | 1.000 | 0.296 | 1.000 | 0.704 | 1.000 | 0.307 | 1.000 | 0.693 |
BG | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.979 | 0.021 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.964 | 0.036 | 1.000 | 0.974 | 0.956 | 0.051 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.950 | 0.050 |
BJ | 0.659 | 0.181 | 1.000 | 0.887 | 0.691 | 0.175 | 1.000 | 0.881 | 0.699 | 0.180 | 1.000 | 0.873 | 0.710 | 0.182 | 0.953 | 0.869 | 0.682 | 0.183 | 0.991 | 0.877 | 0.637 | 0.181 | 1.000 | 0.896 | 0.643 | 0.183 | 1.000 | 0.891 |
BO | 0.925 | 0.493 | 0.896 | 0.523 | 0.921 | 0.542 | 0.901 | 0.475 | 0.904 | 0.580 | 0.842 | 0.459 | 0.913 | 0.646 | 0.901 | 0.378 | 0.915 | 0.669 | 0.946 | 0.345 | 0.918 | 0.763 | 0.818 | 0.310 | 0.918 | 0.825 | 0.818 | 0.265 |
BY | 1.000 | 0.419 | 1.000 | 0.581 | 1.000 | 0.433 | 1.000 | 0.567 | 1.000 | 0.396 | 1.000 | 0.604 | 1.000 | 0.412 | 1.000 | 0.588 | 1.000 | 0.416 | 1.000 | 0.584 | 1.000 | 0.424 | 1.000 | 0.576 | 1.000 | 0.436 | 1.000 | 0.564 |
CG | 0.929 | 0.128 | 0.921 | 0.879 | 0.955 | 0.128 | 0.941 | 0.875 | 0.915 | 0.124 | 0.893 | 0.886 | 0.934 | 0.130 | 0.866 | 0.883 | 0.932 | 0.131 | 0.893 | 0.878 | 1.000 | 0.131 | 0.912 | 0.873 | 1.000 | 0.132 | 0.900 | 0.874 |
CI | 1.000 | 0.130 | 0.979 | 0.870 | 0.980 | 0.138 | 0.903 | 0.867 | 0.967 | 0.143 | 0.914 | 0.862 | 0.978 | 0.151 | 0.930 | 0.852 | 0.986 | 0.158 | 1.000 | 0.842 | 0.994 | 0.163 | 1.000 | 0.837 | 0.996 | 0.170 | 1.000 | 0.830 |
CL | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.900 | 0.100 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.887 | 0.113 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.878 | 0.122 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.877 | 0.124 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
CN * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
CR | 1.000 | 0.410 | 0.659 | 0.681 | 1.000 | 0.417 | 0.738 | 0.639 | 1.000 | 0.419 | 0.914 | 0.587 | 1.000 | 0.419 | 0.914 | 0.588 | 1.000 | 0.423 | 0.975 | 0.578 | 1.000 | 0.424 | 1.000 | 0.576 | 1.000 | 0.424 | 1.000 | 0.576 |
CY | 1.000 | 0.792 | 0.749 | 0.326 | 1.000 | 0.733 | 0.793 | 0.338 | 1.000 | 0.556 | 0.873 | 0.462 | 1.000 | 0.543 | 0.875 | 0.473 | 1.000 | 0.529 | 0.867 | 0.490 | 1.000 | 0.521 | 0.915 | 0.486 | 1.000 | 0.790 | 0.949 | 0.216 |
CZ | 1.000 | 0.686 | 1.000 | 0.314 | 1.000 | 0.668 | 1.000 | 0.332 | 1.000 | 0.671 | 1.000 | 0.329 | 1.000 | 0.695 | 1.000 | 0.305 | 1.000 | 0.704 | 1.000 | 0.296 | 1.000 | 0.697 | 1.000 | 0.303 | 1.000 | 0.706 | 1.000 | 0.294 |
DZ | 0.992 | 0.391 | 1.000 | 0.610 | 0.990 | 0.414 | 1.000 | 0.587 | 0.996 | 0.411 | 1.000 | 0.589 | 1.000 | 0.437 | 1.000 | 0.563 | 0.999 | 0.448 | 1.000 | 0.552 | 1.000 | 0.454 | 1.000 | 0.546 | 1.000 | 0.468 | 1.000 | 0.532 |
EC | 0.975 | 0.337 | 0.762 | 0.705 | 0.975 | 0.341 | 0.774 | 0.698 | 0.980 | 0.337 | 0.769 | 0.702 | 0.990 | 0.339 | 0.760 | 0.703 | 0.988 | 0.339 | 0.763 | 0.702 | 0.987 | 0.336 | 0.776 | 0.701 | 1.000 | 0.325 | 0.797 | 0.705 |
EE | 1.000 | 0.851 | 1.000 | 0.149 | 1.000 | 0.871 | 1.000 | 0.129 | 1.000 | 0.944 | 1.000 | 0.056 | 1.000 | 0.958 | 1.000 | 0.042 | 1.000 | 0.925 | 1.000 | 0.075 | 1.000 | 0.952 | 1.000 | 0.048 | 1.000 | 0.986 | 1.000 | 0.014 |
EG | 1.000 | 0.489 | 1.000 | 0.511 | 1.000 | 0.496 | 1.000 | 0.504 | 1.000 | 0.484 | 1.000 | 0.516 | 1.000 | 0.475 | 1.000 | 0.525 | 1.000 | 0.497 | 0.997 | 0.503 | 1.000 | 0.501 | 1.000 | 0.499 | 1.000 | 0.507 | 1.000 | 0.493 |
GE | 0.996 | 0.358 | 0.889 | 0.651 | 1.000 | 0.437 | 0.937 | 0.567 | 0.999 | 0.511 | 0.962 | 0.490 | 1.000 | 0.505 | 0.980 | 0.496 | 1.000 | 0.504 | 1.000 | 0.496 | 1.000 | 0.552 | 1.000 | 0.448 | 1.000 | 0.566 | 1.000 | 0.434 |
GH | 0.926 | 0.223 | 0.814 | 0.802 | 0.899 | 0.226 | 0.851 | 0.795 | 0.926 | 0.224 | 0.860 | 0.792 | 1.000 | 0.236 | 0.876 | 0.774 | 0.955 | 0.256 | 0.973 | 0.745 | 0.985 | 0.263 | 1.000 | 0.737 | 0.937 | 0.298 | 0.983 | 0.705 |
GQ | 0.661 | 0.920 | 0.810 | 0.397 | 0.658 | 0.860 | 0.727 | 0.460 | 0.660 | 0.766 | 0.775 | 0.470 | 0.663 | 0.761 | 0.762 | 0.477 | 0.666 | 0.764 | 0.767 | 0.470 | 0.669 | 0.758 | 0.862 | 0.433 | 0.672 | 0.739 | 0.962 | 0.421 |
GR | 1.000 | 0.835 | 0.878 | 0.205 | 1.000 | 0.906 | 0.959 | 0.102 | 1.000 | 0.842 | 1.000 | 0.158 | 1.000 | 0.791 | 1.000 | 0.209 | 1.000 | 0.751 | 0.935 | 0.257 | 1.000 | 0.713 | 0.941 | 0.293 | 1.000 | 0.692 | 0.933 | 0.315 |
HR | 1.000 | 0.608 | 0.981 | 0.392 | 1.000 | 0.620 | 1.000 | 0.380 | 1.000 | 0.631 | 1.000 | 0.369 | 1.000 | 0.620 | 1.000 | 0.380 | 1.000 | 0.617 | 0.960 | 0.385 | 1.000 | 0.611 | 0.964 | 0.391 | 1.000 | 0.620 | 0.873 | 0.401 |
ID | 1.000 | 0.555 | 1.000 | 0.445 | 1.000 | 0.623 | 1.000 | 0.377 | 1.000 | 0.657 | 1.000 | 0.343 | 1.000 | 0.697 | 1.000 | 0.303 | 1.000 | 0.770 | 1.000 | 0.230 | 1.000 | 0.817 | 1.000 | 0.183 | 1.000 | 0.824 | 1.000 | 0.176 |
IL | 1.000 | 0.926 | 0.986 | 0.076 | 1.000 | 0.946 | 0.979 | 0.058 | 1.000 | 0.964 | 0.945 | 0.066 | 1.000 | 0.979 | 0.970 | 0.036 | 1.000 | 0.985 | 0.947 | 0.055 | 1.000 | 0.990 | 0.955 | 0.046 | 1.000 | 0.990 | 0.951 | 0.050 |
IQ | 0.986 | 0.379 | 0.870 | 0.634 | 0.995 | 0.407 | 0.866 | 0.608 | 0.994 | 0.399 | 0.911 | 0.608 | 1.000 | 0.385 | 0.873 | 0.628 | 1.000 | 0.400 | 1.000 | 0.600 | 1.000 | 0.424 | 0.829 | 0.601 | 1.000 | 0.406 | 0.906 | 0.602 |
IR | 0.992 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.008 | 0.995 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.005 | 0.997 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.003 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
IT * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
JO | 1.000 | 0.574 | 1.000 | 0.426 | 1.000 | 0.543 | 1.000 | 0.457 | 1.000 | 0.523 | 1.000 | 0.477 | 1.000 | 0.492 | 1.000 | 0.508 | 1.000 | 0.486 | 1.000 | 0.514 | 1.000 | 0.480 | 1.000 | 0.520 | 1.000 | 0.475 | 1.000 | 0.525 |
KE | 0.929 | 0.173 | 0.752 | 0.866 | 0.974 | 0.177 | 0.775 | 0.853 | 0.978 | 0.174 | 0.783 | 0.855 | 0.952 | 0.178 | 0.736 | 0.865 | 0.915 | 0.185 | 0.815 | 0.840 | 0.994 | 0.186 | 0.816 | 0.834 | 0.996 | 0.189 | 0.826 | 0.830 |
KG | 1.000 | 0.232 | 1.000 | 0.768 | 1.000 | 0.241 | 1.000 | 0.759 | 0.999 | 0.249 | 1.000 | 0.751 | 1.000 | 0.246 | 1.000 | 0.754 | 1.000 | 0.244 | 1.000 | 0.756 | 1.000 | 0.244 | 1.000 | 0.756 | 1.000 | 0.244 | 1.000 | 0.756 |
KH | 0.857 | 0.180 | 1.000 | 0.833 | 0.859 | 0.186 | 1.000 | 0.826 | 0.866 | 0.183 | 1.000 | 0.828 | 0.860 | 0.198 | 1.000 | 0.814 | 0.846 | 0.211 | 1.000 | 0.804 | 0.879 | 0.233 | 1.000 | 0.776 | 0.946 | 0.250 | 1.000 | 0.752 |
KR | 1.000 | 0.985 | 1.000 | 0.015 | 1.000 | 0.942 | 1.000 | 0.058 | 1.000 | 0.994 | 1.000 | 0.006 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
KZ | 0.998 | 0.760 | 1.000 | 0.240 | 0.999 | 0.720 | 1.000 | 0.280 | 0.999 | 0.756 | 1.000 | 0.244 | 1.000 | 0.763 | 1.000 | 0.237 | 1.000 | 0.765 | 0.976 | 0.237 | 1.000 | 0.780 | 0.967 | 0.223 | 1.000 | 0.805 | 0.977 | 0.197 |
LA | 0.942 | 0.519 | 0.794 | 0.527 | 0.954 | 0.523 | 0.689 | 0.571 | 0.936 | 0.519 | 0.708 | 0.566 | 0.933 | 0.508 | 0.671 | 0.596 | 0.980 | 0.500 | 0.551 | 0.673 | 0.971 | 0.479 | 0.508 | 0.717 | 0.962 | 0.500 | 0.466 | 0.732 |
LK | 1.000 | 0.325 | 0.933 | 0.678 | 1.000 | 0.344 | 0.928 | 0.660 | 1.000 | 0.363 | 0.927 | 0.642 | 1.000 | 0.376 | 0.915 | 0.629 | 1.000 | 0.384 | 0.944 | 0.618 | 1.000 | 0.402 | 0.984 | 0.598 | 1.000 | 0.420 | 1.000 | 0.580 |
LT | 1.000 | 0.448 | 1.000 | 0.552 | 1.000 | 0.456 | 1.000 | 0.544 | 1.000 | 0.455 | 1.000 | 0.545 | 1.000 | 0.458 | 0.997 | 0.542 | 1.000 | 0.450 | 0.982 | 0.550 | 1.000 | 0.448 | 0.979 | 0.552 | 1.000 | 0.465 | 1.000 | 0.535 |
LU * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
LV | 1.000 | 0.550 | 1.000 | 0.450 | 1.000 | 0.488 | 1.000 | 0.512 | 1.000 | 0.451 | 1.000 | 0.549 | 1.000 | 0.454 | 0.995 | 0.546 | 1.000 | 0.447 | 0.990 | 0.553 | 1.000 | 0.451 | 0.995 | 0.549 | 1.000 | 0.461 | 0.981 | 0.539 |
MA | 1.000 | 0.465 | 1.000 | 0.535 | 1.000 | 0.506 | 1.000 | 0.494 | 1.000 | 0.547 | 1.000 | 0.453 | 1.000 | 0.574 | 1.000 | 0.426 | 1.000 | 0.603 | 1.000 | 0.397 | 1.000 | 0.639 | 1.000 | 0.361 | 1.000 | 0.689 | 1.000 | 0.311 |
MD | 1.000 | 0.790 | 1.000 | 0.210 | 1.000 | 0.864 | 1.000 | 0.136 | 1.000 | 0.888 | 1.000 | 0.112 | 1.000 | 0.929 | 1.000 | 0.071 | 1.000 | 0.551 | 1.000 | 0.449 | 1.000 | 0.573 | 1.000 | 0.427 | 1.000 | 0.583 | 1.000 | 0.417 |
MM | 1.000 | 0.166 | 1.000 | 0.834 | 1.000 | 0.154 | 1.000 | 0.846 | 0.987 | 0.161 | 1.000 | 0.839 | 0.946 | 0.173 | 1.000 | 0.829 | 0.944 | 0.174 | 1.000 | 0.828 | 0.938 | 0.172 | 1.000 | 0.831 | 0.860 | 0.190 | 1.000 | 0.822 |
MN | 0.721 | 1.000 | 0.867 | 0.309 | 0.795 | 1.000 | 0.920 | 0.220 | 0.812 | 1.000 | 0.757 | 0.308 | 0.812 | 1.000 | 0.745 | 0.317 | 0.827 | 1.000 | 0.745 | 0.308 | 0.843 | 1.000 | 0.780 | 0.270 | 0.859 | 1.000 | 0.857 | 0.201 |
MT * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
MY | 0.996 | 0.653 | 1.000 | 0.347 | 0.998 | 0.586 | 1.000 | 0.414 | 0.999 | 0.597 | 1.000 | 0.403 | 1.000 | 0.599 | 1.000 | 0.401 | 1.000 | 0.602 | 1.000 | 0.398 | 1.000 | 0.608 | 1.000 | 0.392 | 1.000 | 0.620 | 1.000 | 0.380 |
MZ | 0.819 | 0.133 | 0.777 | 0.913 | 0.882 | 0.123 | 0.745 | 0.921 | 0.905 | 0.125 | 0.887 | 0.887 | 0.857 | 0.134 | 1.000 | 0.877 | 0.832 | 0.138 | 1.000 | 0.878 | 0.694 | 0.143 | 0.959 | 0.911 | 0.641 | 0.147 | 0.650 | 0.989 |
NA | 0.475 | 0.489 | 0.939 | 0.736 | 0.489 | 0.532 | 0.839 | 0.711 | 0.490 | 0.483 | 0.900 | 0.733 | 0.495 | 0.460 | 0.824 | 0.760 | 0.503 | 0.483 | 0.747 | 0.761 | 0.514 | 0.483 | 0.835 | 0.728 | 0.528 | 0.479 | 0.856 | 0.717 |
NG | 1.000 | 0.265 | 0.728 | 0.784 | 1.000 | 0.297 | 0.790 | 0.734 | 1.000 | 0.292 | 0.842 | 0.725 | 1.000 | 0.305 | 0.877 | 0.706 | 1.000 | 0.294 | 1.000 | 0.706 | 1.000 | 0.283 | 0.886 | 0.726 | 1.000 | 0.274 | 1.000 | 0.726 |
NP | 1.000 | 0.185 | 0.936 | 0.817 | 1.000 | 0.207 | 0.983 | 0.793 | 1.000 | 0.214 | 1.000 | 0.786 | 1.000 | 0.226 | 1.000 | 0.774 | 1.000 | 0.239 | 1.000 | 0.761 | 1.000 | 0.261 | 1.000 | 0.739 | 1.000 | 0.306 | 1.000 | 0.694 |
NZ | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.980 | 0.020 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.972 | 0.028 |
PA | 0.920 | 0.391 | 1.000 | 0.615 | 0.922 | 0.412 | 1.000 | 0.593 | 0.928 | 0.439 | 1.000 | 0.566 | 0.941 | 0.445 | 1.000 | 0.558 | 0.952 | 0.453 | 1.000 | 0.550 | 0.970 | 0.458 | 1.000 | 0.543 | 1.000 | 0.464 | 0.866 | 0.552 |
PE | 0.973 | 0.521 | 0.795 | 0.522 | 0.982 | 0.519 | 0.735 | 0.549 | 0.967 | 0.518 | 0.748 | 0.545 | 0.991 | 0.510 | 0.732 | 0.558 | 0.963 | 0.509 | 0.756 | 0.549 | 0.958 | 0.503 | 0.770 | 0.549 | 0.977 | 0.500 | 0.788 | 0.543 |
PH | 1.000 | 0.273 | 0.991 | 0.727 | 1.000 | 0.266 | 1.000 | 0.734 | 1.000 | 0.257 | 1.000 | 0.743 | 1.000 | 0.266 | 1.000 | 0.734 | 1.000 | 0.276 | 1.000 | 0.724 | 1.000 | 0.286 | 1.000 | 0.714 | 1.000 | 0.294 | 1.000 | 0.706 |
PK | 1.000 | 0.362 | 0.991 | 0.638 | 1.000 | 0.359 | 1.000 | 0.641 | 1.000 | 0.356 | 1.000 | 0.644 | 1.000 | 0.366 | 1.000 | 0.634 | 1.000 | 0.375 | 1.000 | 0.625 | 1.000 | 0.392 | 1.000 | 0.608 | 1.000 | 0.401 | 1.000 | 0.599 |
PL | 1.000 | 0.899 | 1.000 | 0.101 | 1.000 | 0.892 | 1.000 | 0.108 | 1.000 | 0.868 | 1.000 | 0.132 | 1.000 | 0.896 | 1.000 | 0.104 | 1.000 | 0.896 | 1.000 | 0.104 | 1.000 | 0.926 | 1.000 | 0.074 | 1.000 | 0.933 | 1.000 | 0.067 |
PT | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.855 | 0.145 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.881 | 0.119 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.892 | 0.108 | 1.000 | 0.959 | 0.890 | 0.117 | 1.000 | 0.701 | 0.885 | 0.320 | 1.000 | 0.851 | 0.877 | 0.194 | 1.000 | 0.819 | 0.885 | 0.215 |
RO | 1.000 | 0.656 | 0.984 | 0.344 | 1.000 | 0.603 | 0.912 | 0.407 | 1.000 | 0.667 | 0.920 | 0.342 | 1.000 | 0.671 | 0.923 | 0.338 | 1.000 | 0.651 | 0.923 | 0.358 | 1.000 | 0.679 | 0.948 | 0.325 | 1.000 | 0.681 | 0.929 | 0.327 |
RS | 1.000 | 0.823 | 1.000 | 0.177 | 1.000 | 0.762 | 1.000 | 0.238 | 1.000 | 0.729 | 0.997 | 0.271 | 0.997 | 0.634 | 1.000 | 0.366 | 1.000 | 0.648 | 1.000 | 0.352 | 1.000 | 0.626 | 1.000 | 0.374 | 1.000 | 0.612 | 0.984 | 0.389 |
RU * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
SA * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
SD | 0.983 | 0.191 | 0.864 | 0.820 | 1.000 | 0.230 | 0.874 | 0.781 | 1.000 | 0.253 | 0.789 | 0.776 | 1.000 | 0.265 | 0.735 | 0.781 | 1.000 | 0.281 | 0.722 | 0.771 | 1.000 | 0.296 | 0.718 | 0.758 | 1.000 | 0.313 | 0.704 | 0.748 |
SI | 1.000 | 0.666 | 0.939 | 0.340 | 1.000 | 0.651 | 0.944 | 0.354 | 1.000 | 0.604 | 1.000 | 0.396 | 1.000 | 0.588 | 0.985 | 0.412 | 1.000 | 0.584 | 1.000 | 0.416 | 1.000 | 0.580 | 1.000 | 0.420 | 1.000 | 0.582 | 1.000 | 0.418 |
SN | 1.000 | 0.170 | 1.000 | 0.830 | 1.000 | 0.181 | 1.000 | 0.819 | 1.000 | 0.174 | 1.000 | 0.826 | 1.000 | 0.176 | 1.000 | 0.824 | 1.000 | 0.182 | 1.000 | 0.818 | 1.000 | 0.185 | 1.000 | 0.815 | 1.000 | 0.196 | 1.000 | 0.804 |
SR | 0.922 | 0.910 | 1.000 | 0.119 | 0.931 | 0.926 | 1.000 | 0.102 | 0.937 | 0.912 | 1.000 | 0.108 | 0.943 | 0.938 | 1.000 | 0.084 | 0.951 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.049 | 0.960 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.040 | 0.968 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.032 |
SV | 1.000 | 0.220 | 1.000 | 0.780 | 1.000 | 0.224 | 1.000 | 0.776 | 1.000 | 0.239 | 1.000 | 0.761 | 1.000 | 0.231 | 1.000 | 0.769 | 1.000 | 0.231 | 1.000 | 0.769 | 1.000 | 0.251 | 1.000 | 0.749 | 1.000 | 0.279 | 0.990 | 0.721 |
TG | 0.925 | 0.230 | 1.000 | 0.774 | 1.000 | 0.227 | 1.000 | 0.773 | 0.992 | 0.233 | 1.000 | 0.767 | 1.000 | 0.226 | 1.000 | 0.774 | 0.986 | 0.227 | 1.000 | 0.773 | 0.991 | 0.216 | 1.000 | 0.784 | 0.959 | 0.215 | 1.000 | 0.786 |
TH | 1.000 | 0.530 | 1.000 | 0.470 | 1.000 | 0.545 | 1.000 | 0.455 | 1.000 | 0.541 | 1.000 | 0.459 | 1.000 | 0.540 | 1.000 | 0.460 | 1.000 | 0.550 | 1.000 | 0.450 | 1.000 | 0.558 | 1.000 | 0.442 | 1.000 | 0.560 | 1.000 | 0.440 |
TN | 1.000 | 0.487 | 1.000 | 0.513 | 1.000 | 0.495 | 1.000 | 0.505 | 1.000 | 0.497 | 1.000 | 0.503 | 1.000 | 0.507 | 1.000 | 0.493 | 1.000 | 0.526 | 1.000 | 0.474 | 1.000 | 0.537 | 1.000 | 0.463 | 1.000 | 0.575 | 1.000 | 0.425 |
TT | 1.000 | 0.582 | 0.988 | 0.418 | 1.000 | 0.571 | 0.988 | 0.430 | 1.000 | 0.793 | 0.981 | 0.208 | 1.000 | 0.813 | 0.957 | 0.192 | 1.000 | 0.792 | 1.000 | 0.208 | 1.000 | 0.611 | 1.000 | 0.389 | 1.000 | 0.623 | 1.000 | 0.377 |
TZ | 1.000 | 0.154 | 0.781 | 0.874 | 0.995 | 0.152 | 0.722 | 0.893 | 1.000 | 0.154 | 0.737 | 0.886 | 1.000 | 0.160 | 0.793 | 0.865 | 1.000 | 0.160 | 0.948 | 0.841 | 1.000 | 0.159 | 0.854 | 0.853 | 1.000 | 0.159 | 0.832 | 0.857 |
UA | 1.000 | 0.486 | 1.000 | 0.514 | 0.999 | 0.428 | 1.000 | 0.572 | 1.000 | 0.454 | 1.000 | 0.546 | 1.000 | 0.455 | 1.000 | 0.545 | 1.000 | 0.450 | 1.000 | 0.550 | 1.000 | 0.453 | 1.000 | 0.547 | 1.000 | 0.458 | 1.000 | 0.542 |
UG | 1.000 | 0.163 | 1.000 | 0.837 | 1.000 | 0.157 | 1.000 | 0.843 | 1.000 | 0.162 | 1.000 | 0.838 | 1.000 | 0.161 | 1.000 | 0.839 | 1.000 | 0.160 | 1.000 | 0.840 | 0.992 | 0.158 | 1.000 | 0.842 | 0.984 | 0.154 | 1.000 | 0.846 |
VE | 0.989 | 0.475 | 0.795 | 0.564 | 0.992 | 0.523 | 0.778 | 0.526 | 0.994 | 0.521 | 0.807 | 0.517 | 0.996 | 0.500 | 0.816 | 0.533 | 0.998 | 0.471 | 0.889 | 0.540 | 1.000 | 0.429 | 0.806 | 0.603 | 1.000 | 0.435 | 0.938 | 0.568 |
VN | 1.000 | 0.542 | 1.000 | 0.458 | 1.000 | 0.383 | 1.000 | 0.617 | 1.000 | 0.370 | 1.000 | 0.630 | 1.000 | 0.387 | 1.000 | 0.613 | 1.000 | 0.400 | 1.000 | 0.600 | 1.000 | 0.408 | 1.000 | 0.592 | 1.000 | 0.414 | 1.000 | 0.586 |
ZA | 0.863 | 0.705 | 1.000 | 0.325 | 0.863 | 0.697 | 1.000 | 0.333 | 0.863 | 0.680 | 1.000 | 0.348 | 0.887 | 0.696 | 1.000 | 0.324 | 0.897 | 0.661 | 1.000 | 0.355 | 0.917 | 0.655 | 1.000 | 0.355 | 0.905 | 0.648 | 1.000 | 0.364 |
ZM | 0.980 | 0.329 | 0.961 | 0.672 | 0.957 | 0.308 | 0.805 | 0.720 | 0.969 | 0.306 | 0.764 | 0.733 | 0.992 | 0.296 | 0.704 | 0.764 | 0.968 | 0.299 | 0.726 | 0.753 | 0.971 | 0.302 | 0.729 | 0.750 | 0.938 | 0.305 | 0.671 | 0.771 |
ZW | 1.000 | 0.181 | 0.798 | 0.844 | 1.000 | 0.267 | 0.815 | 0.757 | 1.000 | 0.274 | 0.824 | 0.747 | 1.000 | 0.296 | 0.716 | 0.759 | 1.000 | 0.179 | 0.771 | 0.853 | 1.000 | 0.178 | 0.748 | 0.859 | 1.000 | 0.178 | 0.771 | 0.853 |
16th Week | 17th Week | 18th Week | 19th Week | 20th Week | 21st Week | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDG3 | SDG11 | Distance | SDG3 | SDG11 | Distance | SDG3 | SDG11 | Distance | SDG3 | SDG11 | Distance | SDG3 | SDG11 | Distance | SDG3 | SDG11 | Distance | |
AR | 0.181 | 0.855 | 0.832 | 0.462 | 0.921 | 0.544 | 0.533 | 0.935 | 0.471 | 0.317 | 0.887 | 0.693 | 0.136 | 0.857 | 0.875 | 0.423 | 0.897 | 0.587 |
AT | 0.495 | 0.761 | 0.559 | 0.533 | 0.661 | 0.578 | 0.582 | 0.658 | 0.540 | 0.463 | 0.617 | 0.660 | 0.231 | 0.601 | 0.866 | 0.592 | 0.736 | 0.486 |
AU | 0.693 | 0.701 | 0.428 | 0.670 | 0.676 | 0.463 | 0.309 | 0.654 | 0.773 | 0.502 | 0.618 | 0.627 | 1.000 | 0.528 | 0.472 | 1.000 | 0.627 | 0.373 |
BD | 0.561 | 0.796 | 0.485 | 0.322 | 0.808 | 0.704 | 0.370 | 0.816 | 0.656 | 0.242 | 0.790 | 0.786 | 0.128 | 0.680 | 0.929 | 0.257 | 0.751 | 0.783 |
BE | 0.105 | 0.871 | 0.904 | 0.137 | 0.791 | 0.888 | 0.117 | 0.799 | 0.906 | 0.052 | 0.780 | 0.973 | 0.063 | 0.732 | 0.975 | 0.088 | 0.812 | 0.931 |
BG | 0.183 | 0.849 | 0.830 | 0.227 | 0.777 | 0.805 | 0.306 | 0.582 | 0.810 | 0.278 | 0.703 | 0.780 | 0.369 | 0.560 | 0.769 | 0.649 | 1.000 | 0.351 |
BH | 1.000 | 0.447 | 0.553 | 0.587 | 0.529 | 0.626 | 0.885 | 0.581 | 0.434 | 0.417 | 0.560 | 0.731 | 0.495 | 0.538 | 0.685 | 0.995 | 0.572 | 0.428 |
BO | 0.159 | 1.000 | 0.841 | 0.232 | 1.000 | 0.768 | 0.105 | 1.000 | 0.895 | 0.116 | 1.000 | 0.884 | 0.164 | 1.000 | 0.836 | 0.168 | 1.000 | 0.832 |
BY * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
CA | 0.496 | 0.748 | 0.564 | 0.521 | 0.728 | 0.551 | 0.433 | 0.668 | 0.657 | 0.327 | 0.746 | 0.719 | 0.250 | 0.753 | 0.790 | 0.442 | 0.794 | 0.595 |
CH | 0.656 | 0.685 | 0.466 | 0.382 | 0.588 | 0.743 | 0.456 | 0.668 | 0.637 | 0.317 | 0.609 | 0.787 | 0.378 | 0.496 | 0.801 | 0.371 | 0.751 | 0.677 |
CL | 0.557 | 0.919 | 0.450 | 0.720 | 1.000 | 0.280 | 0.841 | 1.000 | 0.159 | 0.762 | 1.000 | 0.238 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
CO | 0.266 | 0.896 | 0.742 | 0.303 | 0.914 | 0.702 | 0.267 | 0.894 | 0.741 | 0.284 | 0.863 | 0.729 | 0.417 | 0.853 | 0.601 | 0.502 | 0.873 | 0.514 |
CR | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.481 | 1.000 | 0.519 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.333 | 1.000 | 0.667 |
CZ | 0.448 | 0.584 | 0.691 | 0.689 | 0.504 | 0.586 | 0.505 | 0.552 | 0.668 | 0.271 | 0.611 | 0.827 | 0.159 | 0.379 | 1.045 | 0.434 | 0.455 | 0.786 |
DE | 0.850 | 0.654 | 0.377 | 0.812 | 0.507 | 0.527 | 0.782 | 0.532 | 0.516 | 0.459 | 0.466 | 0.761 | 0.324 | 0.421 | 0.891 | 0.511 | 0.736 | 0.556 |
DK | 0.439 | 0.766 | 0.608 | 0.578 | 0.532 | 0.631 | 0.473 | 0.497 | 0.729 | 0.336 | 0.592 | 0.779 | 0.252 | 0.463 | 0.921 | 0.554 | 0.571 | 0.619 |
EE | 1.000 | 0.806 | 0.194 | 0.617 | 0.839 | 0.416 | 1.000 | 0.943 | 0.057 | 0.307 | 0.908 | 0.699 | 0.336 | 1.000 | 0.664 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
GH | 0.214 | 0.696 | 0.843 | 1.000 | 0.687 | 0.313 | 0.338 | 0.684 | 0.734 | 0.223 | 0.667 | 0.845 | 0.249 | 1.000 | 0.751 | 0.223 | 1.000 | 0.777 |
HR | 0.440 | 0.774 | 0.604 | 0.638 | 0.671 | 0.489 | 0.395 | 0.714 | 0.669 | 0.207 | 0.566 | 0.904 | 0.509 | 0.473 | 0.720 | 1.000 | 0.848 | 0.152 |
HU | 0.188 | 0.634 | 0.891 | 0.451 | 0.527 | 0.724 | 0.314 | 0.574 | 0.807 | 0.433 | 0.539 | 0.730 | 0.097 | 0.544 | 1.011 | 0.494 | 0.523 | 0.695 |
ID | 0.224 | 0.678 | 0.840 | 0.308 | 0.787 | 0.724 | 0.315 | 0.833 | 0.705 | 0.230 | 0.921 | 0.774 | 0.208 | 0.867 | 0.803 | 0.520 | 0.827 | 0.510 |
IL | 0.404 | 0.887 | 0.606 | 0.497 | 0.730 | 0.571 | 1.000 | 0.752 | 0.248 | 0.569 | 0.558 | 0.618 | 0.297 | 0.521 | 0.850 | 0.451 | 0.442 | 0.783 |
IN | 0.700 | 0.755 | 0.387 | 1.000 | 0.791 | 0.209 | 1.000 | 0.781 | 0.219 | 1.000 | 0.722 | 0.278 | 0.496 | 0.655 | 0.611 | 1.000 | 0.704 | 0.296 |
IT | 0.948 | 0.948 | 0.074 | 1.000 | 0.939 | 0.061 | 1.000 | 0.903 | 0.097 | 1.000 | 0.836 | 0.164 | 0.704 | 0.864 | 0.326 | 1.000 | 0.732 | 0.268 |
JP | 0.710 | 0.499 | 0.579 | 1.000 | 0.654 | 0.346 | 1.000 | 0.675 | 0.325 | 0.331 | 1.000 | 0.669 | 0.497 | 0.711 | 0.580 | 1.000 | 0.748 | 0.252 |
KE | 0.328 | 0.631 | 0.767 | 0.591 | 0.630 | 0.551 | 1.000 | 0.689 | 0.311 | 0.225 | 0.624 | 0.861 | 0.239 | 0.669 | 0.830 | 0.578 | 0.662 | 0.540 |
KR | 1.000 | 0.290 | 0.710 | 0.965 | 0.368 | 0.633 | 0.684 | 0.395 | 0.683 | 0.298 | 0.384 | 0.933 | 0.265 | 0.171 | 1.108 | 0.364 | 0.258 | 0.977 |
KZ | 0.451 | 0.771 | 0.595 | 0.635 | 0.790 | 0.421 | 0.752 | 0.752 | 0.350 | 0.428 | 0.776 | 0.614 | 0.323 | 0.603 | 0.785 | 0.478 | 0.510 | 0.716 |
LT | 0.348 | 0.747 | 0.699 | 0.493 | 0.591 | 0.651 | 0.439 | 0.661 | 0.655 | 0.301 | 0.486 | 0.868 | 0.501 | 0.477 | 0.722 | 0.748 | 0.426 | 0.627 |
LU | 0.439 | 0.966 | 0.562 | 0.604 | 0.856 | 0.421 | 0.300 | 0.956 | 0.702 | 0.502 | 0.920 | 0.505 | 1.000 | 0.876 | 0.124 | 1.000 | 0.983 | 0.017 |
LV | 0.434 | 1.000 | 0.566 | 0.986 | 1.000 | 0.014 | 0.273 | 1.000 | 0.727 | 0.333 | 1.000 | 0.667 | 0.500 | 1.000 | 0.500 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
MA | 0.458 | 1.000 | 0.542 | 0.565 | 1.000 | 0.435 | 0.583 | 1.000 | 0.417 | 0.314 | 1.000 | 0.686 | 0.621 | 1.000 | 0.379 | 0.457 | 1.000 | 0.543 |
MX | 1.000 | 0.724 | 0.276 | 1.000 | 0.862 | 0.138 | 1.000 | 0.878 | 0.122 | 1.000 | 0.883 | 0.117 | 0.695 | 0.890 | 0.325 | 1.000 | 0.908 | 0.092 |
MY | 0.450 | 0.947 | 0.552 | 0.587 | 0.949 | 0.416 | 0.481 | 0.958 | 0.520 | 1.000 | 0.915 | 0.085 | 0.343 | 0.798 | 0.687 | 0.756 | 0.737 | 0.359 |
NG | 0.550 | 0.837 | 0.479 | 0.476 | 0.756 | 0.578 | 0.312 | 0.759 | 0.729 | 0.212 | 0.730 | 0.833 | 0.156 | 0.721 | 0.889 | 0.345 | 0.776 | 0.692 |
NP | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.248 | 0.835 | 0.770 | 0.686 | 0.945 | 0.319 |
PA | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.516 | 1.000 | 0.484 | 0.087 | 1.000 | 0.913 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.172 | 1.000 | 0.828 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
PE | 0.757 | 0.927 | 0.254 | 0.575 | 0.950 | 0.428 | 1.000 | 0.947 | 0.053 | 0.634 | 0.935 | 0.371 | 0.255 | 0.980 | 0.745 | 0.746 | 0.992 | 0.254 |
PH | 0.204 | 0.842 | 0.812 | 0.212 | 0.865 | 0.800 | 0.206 | 0.883 | 0.803 | 0.117 | 0.847 | 0.897 | 0.099 | 0.834 | 0.916 | 0.217 | 0.822 | 0.803 |
PK | 0.372 | 0.567 | 0.763 | 0.366 | 0.573 | 0.764 | 0.491 | 0.643 | 0.622 | 0.457 | 0.594 | 0.678 | 0.208 | 0.461 | 0.958 | 0.786 | 0.474 | 0.568 |
PL | 0.360 | 0.852 | 0.657 | 0.382 | 0.624 | 0.723 | 0.473 | 0.565 | 0.683 | 0.304 | 0.526 | 0.842 | 0.184 | 0.475 | 0.970 | 0.288 | 0.424 | 0.916 |
PT | 0.129 | 0.892 | 0.878 | 0.271 | 0.861 | 0.742 | 0.825 | 0.834 | 0.241 | 1.000 | 0.770 | 0.230 | 0.252 | 0.769 | 0.783 | 0.364 | 0.747 | 0.685 |
PY | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.502 | 0.747 | 0.558 | 1.000 | 0.813 | 0.187 | 1.000 | 0.888 | 0.112 | 1.000 | 0.973 | 0.027 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
QA | 0.521 | 0.640 | 0.599 | 0.376 | 0.711 | 0.688 | 0.595 | 0.768 | 0.466 | 1.000 | 0.780 | 0.220 | 0.535 | 0.753 | 0.526 | 0.671 | 0.700 | 0.445 |
RO | 0.511 | 0.714 | 0.567 | 0.640 | 0.768 | 0.429 | 0.433 | 0.675 | 0.653 | 0.373 | 0.662 | 0.712 | 0.268 | 0.516 | 0.878 | 0.490 | 0.495 | 0.718 |
RS | 0.314 | 0.980 | 0.686 | 0.507 | 0.988 | 0.493 | 0.608 | 0.893 | 0.407 | 0.275 | 0.666 | 0.799 | 1.000 | 0.522 | 0.478 | 0.479 | 0.999 | 0.521 |
RU | 0.889 | 0.572 | 0.443 | 1.000 | 0.581 | 0.419 | 1.000 | 0.570 | 0.430 | 1.000 | 0.672 | 0.328 | 0.799 | 0.590 | 0.457 | 1.000 | 0.505 | 0.495 |
RW | 1.000 | 0.930 | 0.070 | 1.000 | 0.905 | 0.095 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.501 | 1.000 | 0.499 | 0.500 | 1.000 | 0.500 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
SG | 0.299 | 0.968 | 0.701 | 0.935 | 1.000 | 0.065 | 0.895 | 1.000 | 0.105 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.393 | 1.000 | 0.607 | 0.748 | 1.000 | 0.252 |
SK | 0.407 | 0.664 | 0.682 | 1.000 | 0.647 | 0.353 | 1.000 | 0.723 | 0.277 | 1.000 | 0.624 | 0.376 | 1.000 | 0.555 | 0.445 | 1.000 | 0.475 | 0.525 |
SN | 1.000 | 0.642 | 0.358 | 0.555 | 0.612 | 0.590 | 0.654 | 0.659 | 0.486 | 0.277 | 0.657 | 0.800 | 0.386 | 0.640 | 0.712 | 0.765 | 0.708 | 0.375 |
SV | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.704 | 1.000 | 0.296 | 0.343 | 1.000 | 0.657 | 0.678 | 1.000 | 0.322 | 0.157 | 1.000 | 0.843 | 0.506 | 1.000 | 0.494 |
TH | 0.389 | 0.693 | 0.684 | 1.000 | 0.751 | 0.249 | 1.000 | 0.846 | 0.154 | 0.590 | 0.648 | 0.541 | 0.500 | 0.559 | 0.667 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
TR | 1.000 | 0.728 | 0.272 | 1.000 | 0.800 | 0.200 | 0.640 | 0.778 | 0.423 | 0.490 | 0.751 | 0.568 | 0.384 | 0.645 | 0.712 | 1.000 | 0.836 | 0.164 |
TW * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
UA | 0.248 | 0.629 | 0.839 | 0.371 | 0.695 | 0.699 | 0.412 | 0.594 | 0.714 | 0.291 | 0.604 | 0.812 | 0.301 | 0.535 | 0.840 | 0.417 | 0.406 | 0.833 |
UG * | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
US | 1.000 | 0.547 | 0.453 | 1.000 | 0.548 | 0.452 | 1.000 | 0.490 | 0.510 | 1.000 | 0.562 | 0.438 | 1.000 | 0.560 | 0.440 | 1.000 | 0.545 | 0.455 |
UY | 0.561 | 1.000 | 0.439 | 0.674 | 1.000 | 0.326 | 0.600 | 1.000 | 0.400 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.501 | 1.000 | 0.499 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
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Indicator | Extracted Denominator | Extracted Numerator |
---|---|---|
(7.1.1 *) Proportion of population with access to electricity | Population | Electricity access |
(7.1.2 *) Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology | Population | Clean fuel access |
(7.2.1 *) Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption | Total energy consumption | Renewable energy |
(7.3.1 *) Energy intensity measured in terms of primary energy and GDP | GDP | Total energy consumption |
(7.a.1) International financial flows to developing countries in support of clean energy research and development and renewable energy production, including in hybrid systems | N/A | Clean energy finance flows |
(7.b.1) Installed renewable energy-generating capacity in developing countries (in watts per capita) | Population | Electricity generated by renewable resources |
(8.1.1 *) Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita | Population | GDP |
(8.2.1 *) Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person | Employment | GDP |
(8.3.1) Proportion of informal employment in total employment, by sector and sex | Employment | Informal employment |
(8.4.1) Material footprint, material footprint per capita, and material footprint per GDP | GDP | Material footprint |
(8.4.2 *) Domestic material consumption, domestic material consumption per capita, and domestic material consumption per GDP | Population | Domestic material consumption |
(8.5.1) Average hourly earnings of female and male employees, by occupation, age and persons with disabilities | Total working hours | Total income |
(8.5.2 *) Unemployment rate, by sex, age and persons with disabilities | Labor force | Unemployment |
(8.6.1) Proportion of youth (aged 15–24 years) not in education, employment or training | Youth population | Uneducated or unemployed youth |
(8.7.1) Proportion and number of children aged 5–17 years engaged in child labor, by sex and age | Child population | Child employment |
(8.8.1) Frequency rates of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries, by sex and migrant status | Employment | Non-fatal occupational injuries and illnesses |
(8.8.2) Level of national compliance with labor rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation, by sex and migrant status | N/A | National compliance with labor rights |
(8.9.1) Tourism direct GDP as a proportion of total GDP and in growth rate | GDP | Tourism value added |
(8.10.1 *) (a) Number of commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults and (b) number of automated teller machines (ATMs) per 100,000 adults | Adult population | Number of commercial bank branches |
(8.10.2) Proportion of adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider | Adult population | Adults with an account at a financial institution |
(8.a.1) Aid for Trade commitments and disbursements | N/A | Commitments for aid for trade |
(8.b.1) Existence of a developed and operationalized national strategy for youth employment, as a distinct strategy or as part of a national employment strategy | N/A | Number of national strategies for youth employment |
(9.1.1) Proportion of the rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road | Total rural population | Rural population who live within 2 km of an all-season road |
(9.1.2 *) Passenger and freight volumes, by mode of transport | Population | Air, road or railways passengers or goods transferred |
(9.2.1 *) Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP and per capita | Population | Manufacturing value added |
(9.2.2 *) Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment | Employment | Manufacturing employment |
(9.3.1) Proportion of small-scale industries in total industry value added | Industry value added | Small-scale industries value added |
(9.3.2) Proportion of small-scale industries with a loan or line of credit | Number of small-scale industries | Small-scale industries with loan or line of credit |
(9.4.1 *) CO2 emission per unit of value added | Gross value added | CO2 emissions |
(9.5.1) Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP | GDP | Research and development expenditure |
(9.5.2) Researchers (in full-time equivalent) per million inhabitants | Population | Researchers |
(9.a.1) Total official international support (official development assistance plus other official flows) to infrastructure | N/A | Total official flows for infrastructure |
(9.b.1) Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added | Gross value added | Medium and high-tech industry value added |
(9.c.1 *) Proportion of population covered by a mobile network, by technology | Population | Mobile phone subscriptions or Internet users |
Variables | Sources | Units | SDGs | Types | Mean | SD | Max | Min | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Energy consumption | U.S. EIA | ktoe | 7 | Input | 56,703 | 217,288 | 1,995,057 | 399 |
2 | Population | World Bank | people | 7, 8, 9 | Input | 48,895,906 | 155,696,380 | 1,386,395,000 | 416,268 |
3 | Labor force | World Bank | people | 8 | Input | 23,336,083 | 88,036,169 | 787,399,317 | 180,756 |
4 | Adult population | World Bank | people | 8 | Input | 36,366,959 | 126,249,267 | 1,137,712,323 | 354,703 |
5 | Total employment | World Bank | people | 8, 9 | Input | 22,120,921 | 84,072,312 | 752,753,746 | 169,227 |
6 | Gross value added | UN | constant 2015 US$ | 9 | Input | 300,768,954,726 | 1,180,630,638,278 | 12,600,000,000,000 | 2,910,456,947 |
7 | Access to clean fuels | World Bank | people | 7 | Output | 27,966,632 | 90,083,247 | 816,996,879 | 278,423 |
8 | Access to electricity | World Bank | people | 7 | Output | 43,190,262 | 154,469,265 | 1,386,395,000 | 416,268 |
9 | Renewable energy Consumption | U.S. EIA | ktoe | 7 | Output | 6469 | 18,439 | 127,544 | 1 |
10 | GDP | UN | constant 2015 US$ | 7, 8 | Output | 313,461,796,866 | 1,187,748,354,777 | 12,600,000,000,000 | 3,299,234,529 |
11 | Domestic material consumption | World Bank | KG | 8 | Output | 659,176,464,099 | 3,493,224,391,622 | 34,800,000,000,000 | 6,756,860,686 |
12 | Unemployment | World Bank | people | 8 | Output (U) | 1,215,027 | 4,032,204 | 36,101,083 | 10,040 |
13 | Commercial bank branches | World Bank | branches | 8 | Output | 4426 | 11,902 | 99,937 | 20 |
14 | Air freight | World Bank | million ton-km | 9 | Output | 904 | 3000 | 23,324 | 0.0001 |
15 | Air passengers | World Bank | people | 9 | Output | 14,766,277 | 48,542,713 | 551,234,509 | 899 |
16 | Manufacturing employment | World Bank | people | 9 | Output | 5,350,647 | 24,121,994 | 219,519,439 | 28,306 |
17 | Manufacturing value added | UN | constant 2015 US$ | 9 | Output | 67,113,438,034 | 345,141,666,422 | 3,660,000,000,000 | 189,954,006 |
18 | CO2 emissions | U.S. EIA | ktCO2 | 9 | Output (U) | 215,510 | 1,015,721 | 9,259,259 | 1,354 |
19 | Internet users | World Bank | people | 9 | Output | 19,199,110 | 73,370,618 | 752,812,485 | 113,488 |
20 | Mobile phone subscriptions | World Bank | people | 9 | Output | 49,323,520 | 146,141,851 | 1,469,882,500 | 478,860 |
Variables | Sources | Units | SDGs | Types | Mean | SD | Max | Min | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Active cases | Johns Hopkins University | cases | 3 | Input | 26,611 | 122,361 | 1,171,805 | 23 |
2 | Containment and health index | University of Oxford | score | 3 | Input | 75 | 13 | 100 | 25 |
3 | Days from the first confirmed case | Johns Hopkins University | days | 11 | Input | 73 | 22 | 131 | 28 |
4 | New COVID-19 tests | University of Oxford | cases | 11 | Input | 103,594 | 284,720 | 2,651,203 | 839 |
5 | Trending inquiries about “covid” | score | 11 | Input | 52 | 18 | 94 | 7 | |
6 | Government response index | University of Oxford | score | 11 | Input | 73 | 12 | 96 | 21 |
7 | Newly recovered cases at week t + 3 | Johns Hopkins University | cases | 3 | Output | 4907 | 11,706 | 92,863 | 2 |
8 | New deaths at week t + 3 | Johns Hopkins University | people | 3 | Output (U) | 311 | 1143 | 12,452 | 0 |
9 | Active cases at week t + 3 | Johns Hopkins University | cases | 3 | Output (U) | 34,848 | 156,540 | 1,402,525 | 5 |
10 | Daily visits to workplaces | score | 11 | Output | 41 | 16 | 80 | 1 | |
11 | Daily visits to residential | score | 11 | Output | 18 | 8 | 41 | 2 | |
12 | Daily visits to public places | score | 11 | Output | 53 | 22 | 100 | 1 | |
13 | Newly confirmed COVID-19 cases at week t + 1 | Johns Hopkins University | cases | 3 | Input | 7140 | 23,867 | 210,512 | 0 |
11 | Output (U) |
(a) | (b) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | ||||
SDG7 | Mean | 0.967 | 0.971 | 0.971 | 0.972 | 0.971 | 0.972 | 0.971 | SDG7 | ET1 | 52 | 53 | 52 | 57 | 56 | 58 | 62 |
SD | 0.088 | 0.082 | 0.080 | 0.080 | 0.080 | 0.085 | 0.086 | ET2 | 24 | 22 | 23 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 13 | ||
Max | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ET3 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | ||
Min | 0.475 | 0.489 | 0.490 | 0.495 | 0.503 | 0.514 | 0.528 | SDG8 | ET1 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 15 | 14 | 15 | |
SDG8 | Mean | 0.555 | 0.555 | 0.559 | 0.562 | 0.556 | 0.560 | 0.570 | ET2 | 15 | 12 | 16 | 16 | 16 | 13 | 15 | |
SD | 0.300 | 0.295 | 0.295 | 0.295 | 0.289 | 0.289 | 0.288 | ET3 | 14 | 18 | 13 | 18 | 16 | 21 | 17 | ||
Max | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ET4 | 19 | 17 | 18 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 13 | ||
Min | 0.128 | 0.123 | 0.124 | 0.130 | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.132 | ET5 | 10 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 13 | ||
SDG9 | Mean | 0.936 | 0.933 | 0.939 | 0.936 | 0.946 | 0.943 | 0.941 | ET6 | 9 | 7 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 7 | |
SD | 0.106 | 0.109 | 0.106 | 0.111 | 0.114 | 0.115 | 0.119 | SDG9 | ET1 | 43 | 46 | 49 | 46 | 49 | 50 | 47 | |
Max | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ET2 | 33 | 31 | 28 | 32 | 29 | 28 | 29 | ||
Min | 0.386 | 0.381 | 0.364 | 0.375 | 0.336 | 0.332 | 0.330 | ET3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
(a) | (b) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDG7 | SDG8 | SDG9 | SDG7 | SDG8 | SDG9 | ||||||||
BPNN | AutoML | BPNN | AutoML | BPNN | AutoML | BPNN | AutoML | BPNN | AutoML | BPNN | AutoML | ||
Mean | 0.977 | 0.973 | 0.508 | 0.543 | 0.940 | 0.935 | ET1 | 62/80 | 58/59 | 8/12 | 14/14 | 38/61 | 42/46 |
SD | 0.000 | 0.081 | 0.246 | 0.273 | 0.016 | 0.099 | ET2 | 11/16 | 5/9 | 11/13 | 9/19 | 25/33 | |
Max | 0.978 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.998 | 1.000 | ET3 | 4/5 | 13/49 | 15/21 | 1/1 | ||
Min | 0.974 | 0.514 | 0.130 | 0.142 | 0.926 | 0.381 | ET4 | 1/10 | 11/12 | ||||
RMSE | 0.086 | 0.026 | 0.163 | 0.047 | 0.116 | 0.052 | ET5 | 13/14 | |||||
PRED(0.20) | 0.950 | 0.988 | 0.500 | 0.975 | 0.925 | 0.975 | ET6 | 6/6 | |||||
PRED(0.10) | 0.925 | 0.975 | 0.300 | 0.863 | 0.863 | 0.875 | Accuracy | 0.775 | 0.913 | 0.338 | 0.875 | 0.588 | 0.850 |
PRED(0.05) | 0.900 | 0.963 | 0.213 | 0.550 | 0.325 | 0.775 | |||||||
R2 | 0.008 | 0.909 | 0.725 | 0.983 | 0.058 | 0.821 | |||||||
(c) | |||||||||||||
BPNN | AutoML | ||||||||||||
Projected Outputs | RMSE | PRED (0.20) | PRED (0.10) | PRED (0.05) | R2 | RMSE | PRED (0.20) | PRED (0.10) | PRED (0.05) | R2 | |||
SDG7 | Clean fuels | 29,508,671 | 0.088 | 0.025 | 0.000 | 0.903 | 4,571,957 | 0.900 | 0.850 | 0.613 | 1.000 | ||
Electricity | 40,248,413 | 0.175 | 0.125 | 0.050 | 0.937 | 2,589,071 | 0.988 | 0.938 | 0.813 | 1.000 | |||
GDP | 1,468,794,073,162 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 283,599,211,370 | 0.588 | 0.350 | 0.138 | 0.989 | |||
Renewables | 6792 | 0.125 | 0.100 | 0.050 | 0.872 | 1076 | 0.675 | 0.400 | 0.225 | 0.998 | |||
SDG8 | GDP | 1,535,253,602,486 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.010 | 256,121,857,571 | 0.825 | 0.563 | 0.263 | 0.997 | ||
DMC | 4,006,196,741,083 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.013 | 412,449,897,927 | 0.888 | 0.663 | 0.375 | 1.000 | |||
Unemployment | 8.96 × 10−6 | 0.300 | 0.150 | 0.075 | 0.866 | 5.50 × 10−6 | 0.763 | 0.575 | 0.413 | 0.948 | |||
Bank branches | 5516 | 0.300 | 0.188 | 0.138 | 0.854 | 1218 | 0.850 | 0.650 | 0.275 | 0.995 | |||
SDG9 | Air freight | 1609 | 0.063 | 0.025 | 0.013 | 0.878 | 925 | 0.363 | 0.138 | 0.050 | 0.979 | ||
Air passengers | 23,297,874 | 0.088 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.967 | 17,770,131 | 0.388 | 0.150 | 0.013 | 0.994 | |||
Manufacturing employment | 2,731,618 | 0.250 | 0.138 | 0.038 | 0.991 | 379,469 | 0.800 | 0.588 | 0.413 | 1.000 | |||
Manufacturing value added | 94,784,937,949 | 0.150 | 0.063 | 0.025 | 0.985 | 345,878,375,449 | 0.025 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.997 | |||
CO2 emissions | 0.0001 | 0.325 | 0.150 | 0.088 | 0.851 | 4.26 × 10−5 | 0.588 | 0.375 | 0.300 | 0.922 | |||
Internet users | 19,810,610 | 0.150 | 0.088 | 0.038 | 0.976 | 17,691,665 | 0.563 | 0.175 | 0.088 | 0.999 | |||
Mobile phone | 36,174,109 | 0.175 | 0.075 | 0.050 | 0.988 | 32,220,596 | 0.875 | 0.575 | 0.388 | 0.996 |
(a) | (b) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wk 16 | wk 17 | wk 18 | wk 19 | wk 20 | wk 21 | wk 16 | wk 17 | wk 18 | wk 19 | wk 20 | wk 21 | ||||
SDG3 | Mean | 0.588 | 0.648 | 0.645 | 0.555 | 0.459 | 0.687 | SDG3 | ET1 | 16 | 15 | 19 | 18 | 11 | 23 |
SD | 0.301 | 0.262 | 0.298 | 0.319 | 0.296 | 0.288 | ET2 | 18 | 17 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 12 | ||
Max | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ET3 | 14 | 14 | 15 | 12 | 13 | 10 | ||
Min | 0.105 | 0.137 | 0.088 | 0.052 | 0.063 | 0.088 | ET4 | 9 | 11 | 7 | 12 | 12 | 8 | ||
ET5 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 5 | 12 | 8 | |||||||||
SDG11 | Mean | 0.800 | 0.784 | 0.790 | 0.772 | 0.731 | 0.778 | SDG11 | ET1 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 15 | 18 |
SD | 0.165 | 0.169 | 0.168 | 0.176 | 0.213 | 0.209 | ET2 | 27 | 26 | 25 | 24 | 25 | 19 | ||
Max | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ET3 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 16 | 19 | ||
Min | 0.290 | 0.368 | 0.395 | 0.385 | 0.171 | 0.258 | ET4 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
(a) | (b) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SDG3 | SDG11 | SDG3 | SDG11 | ||||||||
BPNN | AutoML | BPNN | AutoML | BPNN | AutoML | BPNN | AutoML | ||||
Mean | 0.973 | 0.588 | 0.741 | 0.761 | ET1 | 18/21 | 23/23 | 13/15 | 15/17 | ||
SD | 0.033 | 0.267 | 0.165 | 0.190 | ET2 | 5/13 | 6/12 | 14/23 | 15/24 | ||
Max | 1.000 | 1.080 | 0.998 | 1.027 | ET3 | 5/15 | 6/10 | 15/20 | 13/15 | ||
Min | 0.899 | 0.109 | 0.343 | 0.363 | ET4 | 2/8 | 4/8 | 2/3 | 5/5 | ||
RMSE | 0.390 | 0.182 | 0.115 | 0.092 | ET5 | 3/4 | 3/8 | ||||
PRED(0.20) | 0.393 | 0.541 | 0.836 | 0.934 | Accuracy | 0.541 | 0.689 | 0.721 | 0.787 | ||
PRED(0.10) | 0.393 | 0.475 | 0.475 | 0.803 | |||||||
PRED(0.05) | 0.393 | 0.410 | 0.279 | 0.525 | |||||||
R2 | 0.487 | 0.724 | 0.732 | 0.811 | |||||||
(c) | |||||||||||
BPNN | AutoML | ||||||||||
Projected Outputs | RMSE | PRED (0.20) | PRED (0.10) | PRED (0.05) | R2 | RMSE | PRED (0.20) | PRED (0.10) | PRED (0.05) | R2 | |
SDG3 | Recovered at week t + 3 | 6801 | 0.115 | 0.049 | 0.033 | 0.919 | 4303 | 0.230 | 0.131 | 0.033 | 0.932 |
Deaths at week t + 3 | 0.254 | 0.295 | 0.164 | 0.016 | 0.617 | 0.128 | 0.410 | 0.361 | 0.230 | 0.917 | |
Active at week t + 3 | 0.072 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.071 | 0.048 | 0.066 | 0.049 | 0.016 | 0.879 | |
SDG11 | Workplaces | 10 | 0.426 | 0.148 | 0.098 | 0.863 | 7 | 0.787 | 0.312 | 0.033 | 0.961 |
Residential | 3 | 0.853 | 0.492 | 0.197 | 0.886 | 2 | 0.902 | 0.705 | 0.459 | 0.945 | |
Public | 15 | 0.721 | 0.098 | 0.033 | 0.933 | 12 | 0.787 | 0.475 | 0.197 | 0.828 | |
Confirmed at week t + 1 | 0.136 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.000 | 0.392 | 0.112 | 0.033 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.551 |
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Singpai, B.; Wu, D. Using a DEA–AutoML Approach to Track SDG Achievements. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10124. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310124
Singpai B, Wu D. Using a DEA–AutoML Approach to Track SDG Achievements. Sustainability. 2020; 12(23):10124. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310124
Chicago/Turabian StyleSingpai, Bodin, and Desheng Wu. 2020. "Using a DEA–AutoML Approach to Track SDG Achievements" Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10124. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122310124