What Is Suitable Leadership for High-Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) Management?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Leadership Theories
2.1. Changes in Leadership Theories
2.2. The Characteristics of Machiavellian Leadership and Related Research
2.3. Brief Review of Servant Leadership Theory and Related Research
2.4. The Characteristics of Servant Leadership
2.5. Similar Leadership to Servant Leadership
3. The Major Problems of HLW Management in Japan
3.1. What Did the Mayor of Toyo Town Do?
- (a)
- Used his power to submit the application form for a literature survey to NUMO twice, first without communications with the decision-makers of the local council, the governor of Kochi Prefecture, and the leaders of the neighboring municipalities, later based on his political judgment.
- (b)
- Tried to benefit from the subsidies of the Japanese government (municipalities that accepted a literature survey could receive 210 million Japanese yen in order to develop and support industries and increase employment opportunities).
- (c)
- Did not mean to manipulate or deceive local people on purpose but believed that getting the associated subsidies would justify his means of submission without transparency.
3.2. What Do Typical Machiavellian Leaders Do?
- (a)
- Try to obtain power and use it skillfully.
- (b)
- Try to maximize their self-interests.
- (c)
- Manipulate or deceive others since the ends justify the means.
4. What Is Suitable Leadership for HLW Management for the Future?
5. The Functions of Servant Leaders for HLW Management in Japan
5.1. Strategic Servant Leadership
5.1.1. Function 1
5.1.2. Function 2
5.2. Operational Servant Leadership
5.2.1. Function 1
5.2.2. Function 2
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ANRE | Agency for Natural Resources and Energy |
METI | Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry |
NEA | Nuclear Energy Agency |
NISA | Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency |
NSC | Nuclear Safety Commission |
NUMO | Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan |
TEPCO | Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings |
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Characteristics of a Servant Leader | |
---|---|
Identified by Spears [37] | Identified by Focht and Ponton [38] |
Listening | Value people |
Empathy | Humility |
Healing | Listening |
Awareness | Trust |
Persuasion | Caring |
Conceptualization | Integrity |
Foresight | Service |
Stewardship | Empowering |
Commitment to the growth of people | Serve others’ needs before their own |
Building community | Collaboration |
- | Love |
- | Unconditional love and learning |
Characteristics of a Servant Leader | Ideal Behavior of a Leader for HLW Management | |
---|---|---|
Identified by Spears [37] | Identified by Focht and Ponton [38] | - |
Awareness, stewardship | Caring, serving others’ needs before their own | Serve first for the well-being of the whole nation and think that the achievement of final disposal is a subordinate outcome. |
Listening, empathy, healing | Value people, listening, humility, trust, love | Value the general public and listen to their opinions with humility, empathy and an altruistic mind. |
- | Unconditional love and learning, collaboration, empowering | Learn from the general public, collaborate with them, and empower them to engage in decision-making during the siting process. |
Persuasion, conceptualization | Integrity | Persuade the general public with integrity and clear vision through meetings such as “Dialogue-Based Meetings on Final Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste.” |
Foresight, commitment to the growth of people, building community | Service | Not only secure procedural fairness and safe disposal, but also commit themselves to the growth of people and development of a unique community. |
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Takeuchi, M.R.H.; Hasegawa, T.; McKinley, L.; Marquez, G.P.; Ishihara, K.N. What Is Suitable Leadership for High-Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) Management? Sustainability 2020, 12, 8691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208691
Takeuchi MRH, Hasegawa T, McKinley L, Marquez GP, Ishihara KN. What Is Suitable Leadership for High-Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) Management? Sustainability. 2020; 12(20):8691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208691
Chicago/Turabian StyleTakeuchi, Maria R.H., Tatsuya Hasegawa, Linda McKinley, Gian Powell Marquez, and Keiichi N. Ishihara. 2020. "What Is Suitable Leadership for High-Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) Management?" Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208691
APA StyleTakeuchi, M. R. H., Hasegawa, T., McKinley, L., Marquez, G. P., & Ishihara, K. N. (2020). What Is Suitable Leadership for High-Level Radioactive Waste (HLW) Management? Sustainability, 12(20), 8691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208691