Analysis of Large-Scale Residential Development on Walking Environments in Surrounding Neighborhoods: A Before-and-After Comparison of Apartment Complex Developments in Seoul, Korea
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Research Background and Objectives
2. Literature Review
Built Environment and Accessibility
3. Methodology
3.1. Case Study Areas
3.2. Method
4. Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case | Case 1: Bomun Park AC | Case 2: Lotte Castle AC | Case 3: Sangdo Park AC |
---|---|---|---|
Location | Seongbuk-gu | Dongdaemun-gu | Dongjak-gu |
Project area | 52.246 m2 | 15.380 m2 | 32.001 m2 |
Project type | Redevelopment | Redevelopment | Redevelopment |
Site perimeter length | 1400 m | 520 m | 550 m |
Indicators | Formula | Description * | |
---|---|---|---|
Accessibility measures | Reach | The number of surrounding points (buildings, doorways, bus stops, etc.) that each building reaches within the radius specified in the network. | |
Gravity | The travel cost required to arrive at each of the destinations. Accessibility at the origin is proportional to the attractiveness (weight) of destinations and inversely proportional to the distances between. | ||
Centrality measures | Straightness | Illustrates the extent to which the shortest paths from origins to destinations resemble straight Euclidian paths. The closer to 1, the more straight the path is. | |
Betweenness | The index divided by the number of paths passing through a specific point by the number of shortest paths between destinations within the set radius. |
Case Study Sites | Before Development | After Development | Percent Change (Inside Origin Points) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Inside | Outside | Total | Inside | Outside | ||
Bomun Park AC (case 1) | 3522 | 367 | 3155 | 3170 | 15 | 3155 | −10.4% |
Lotte Castle AC (case 2) | 2944 | 164 | 2780 | 2785 | 5 | 2780 | −5.4% |
Sangdo Park AC (case 3) | 3230 | 135 | 3095 | 3102 | 7 | 3095 | −3.96% |
Community Centers | Parks | Schools (Elementary) | Public Transport Station | Total Number of Destination Points | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | ||
Bomun Park AC (case 1) | 2 | 7.7% | 1 | 3.9% | 2 | 7.7% | 21 | 80.8% | 26 |
Lotte Castle AC (case 2) | 1 | 4.2% | 3 | 12.5% | 2 | 8.3% | 18 | 75.0% | 24 |
Sangdo Park AC (case 3) | 2 | 5.3% | 3 | 7.9% | 1 | 2.6% | 32 | 84.2% | 38 |
Before Development of Apartment Complexes, 2010 | After Development of Apartment Complexes, 2017 | Percent Change (2010-2017) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Community Centers | Parks | Schools (Elementary) | Public Transport Stations | Community Centers | Parks | Schools (Elementary) | Public Transport Stations | Community Centers | Parks | Schools (Elementary) | Public Transport Stations | ||
Bomun Park AC (case 1) | Gravity index | 0.285 | 0.112 | 0.320 | 3.082 | 0.295 | 0.096 | 0.320 | 3.008 | 3.41% | −14.72% | −0.01% | −2.41% |
Reach | 0.554 | 0.215 | 0.650 | 6.005 | 0.558 | 0.169 | 0.659 | 5.681 | 0.69% | −21.33% | 1.33% | −5.39% | |
Betweenness | 15.079 | 7.247 | 16.660 | 172.238 | 14.464 | 4.593 | 14.857 | 149.149 | −4.08% | −36.62% | −12.13% | −13.41% | |
Straightness | 0.411 | 0.109 | 0.475 | 4.423 | 0.409 | 0.089 | 0.474 | 4.196 | −0.40% | −18.99% | −0.02% | −5.13% | |
Lotte Castle AC (case 2) | Gravity index | 0.028 | 0.533 | 0.420 | 3.723 | 0.030 | 0.531 | 0.434 | 3.642 | 5.71% | −0.35% | 3.22% | −2.18% |
Reach | 0.054 | 1.070 | 0.876 | 7.445 | 0.057 | 1.059 | 0.901 | 7.279 | 5.71% | −1.04% | 2.72% | −2.23% | |
Betweenness | 0.854 | 26.851 | 22.000 | 176.615 | 0.903 | 25.897 | 22.535 | 168.627 | 5.71% | −3.55% | 2.37% | −4.52% | |
Straightness | 0.040 | 0.742 | 0.651 | 5.600 | 0.042 | 0.752 | 0.672 | 5.478 | 5.71% | 1.23% | 3.12% | −2.17% | |
Sangdo Park AC (case 3) | Gravity index | 0.223 | 0.213 | 0.057 | 4.421 | 0.217 | 0.142 | 0.059 | 4.097 | −2.52% | −3.30% | 3.96% | −7.33% |
Reach | 0.425 | 0.438 | 0.104 | 8.902 | 0.405 | 0.294 | 0.108 | 8.220 | −4.75% | −32.91% | 3.96% | −7.67% | |
Betweenness | 13.347 | 12.693 | 4.307 | 222.428 | 12.593 | 8.772 | 4.484 | 201.113 | −5.65% | −30.89% | 3.96% | −9.58% | |
Straightness | 0.285 | 0.286 | 0.065 | 6.388 | 0.270 | 0.186 | 0.068 | 5.926 | −5.15% | −34.82% | 3.96% | −7.24% |
Before Development of Apartment Complexes, 2010 | After Development of Apartment Complexes, 2017 | Percent Change (2010–2017) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Community Centers | Parks | Schools (Elementary) | Public Transport Stations | Community Centers | Parks | Schools (Elementary) | Public Transport Stations | Community Centers | Parks | Schools (Elementary) | Public Transport Stations | ||
Bomun Park AC (case 1) | Gravity index | 0.296 | 0.098 | 0.320 | 3.100 | 0.296 | 0.096 | 0.319 | 3.017 | 0.00% | −2.17% | −0.20% | −2.67% |
Reach | 0.560 | 0.176 | 0.659 | 5.908 | 0.561 | 0.170 | 0.658 | 5.694 | 0.11% | −3.42% | −0.14% | −3.62% | |
Betweenness | 16.191 | 7.040 | 15.006 | 175.723 | 14.532 | 4.615 | 14.917 | 149.836 | −10.25% | −34.44% | −0.59% | −14.73% | |
Straightness | 0.411 | 0.092 | 0.476 | 4.364 | 0.411 | 0.089 | 0.474 | 4.208 | 0.10% | −3.67% | −0.38% | −3.55% | |
Lotte Castle AC (case 2) | Gravity index | 0.030 | 0.531 | 0.434 | 3.641 | 0.030 | 0.531 | 0.434 | 3.642 | 0.00% | 0.04% | 0.07% | 0.02% |
Reach | 0.057 | 1.059 | 0.902 | 7.277 | 0.057 | 1.059 | 0.903 | 7.278 | 0.00% | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.01% | |
Betweenness | 0.904 | 27.272 | 23.036 | 174.562 | 0.904 | 25.940 | 22.575 | 168.906 | 0.00% | −4.88% | −2.00% | −3.24% | |
Straightness | 0.042 | 0.752 | 0.673 | 5.478 | 0.042 | 0.752 | 0.673 | 5.480 | 0.00% | 0.02% | 0.04% | 0.02% | |
Sangdo Park AC (case 3) | Gravity index | 0.219 | 0.196 | 0.059 | 4.209 | 0.218 | 0.143 | 0.059 | 4.101 | −0.68% | −27.38% | 0.00% | −2.56% |
Reach | 0.410 | 0.411 | 0.109 | 8.481 | 0.406 | 0.294 | 0.109 | 8.227 | −1.02% | −28.38% | 0.00% | −3.00% | |
Betweenness | 13.588 | 10.816 | 4.494 | 214.937 | 12.622 | 8.791 | 4.494 | 201.551 | −7.11% | −18.72% | 0.00% | −6.23% | |
Straightness | 0.274 | 0.267 | 0.068 | 6.111 | 0.271 | 0.187 | 0.068 | 5.933 | −1.05% | −30.12% | 0.00% | −2.92% |
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Dogan, O.; Han, J.; Lee, S. Analysis of Large-Scale Residential Development on Walking Environments in Surrounding Neighborhoods: A Before-and-After Comparison of Apartment Complex Developments in Seoul, Korea. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7335. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187335
Dogan O, Han J, Lee S. Analysis of Large-Scale Residential Development on Walking Environments in Surrounding Neighborhoods: A Before-and-After Comparison of Apartment Complex Developments in Seoul, Korea. Sustainability. 2020; 12(18):7335. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187335
Chicago/Turabian StyleDogan, Omer, Jaewon Han, and Sugie Lee. 2020. "Analysis of Large-Scale Residential Development on Walking Environments in Surrounding Neighborhoods: A Before-and-After Comparison of Apartment Complex Developments in Seoul, Korea" Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7335. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12187335