Stochastic Operation of a Solar-Powered Smart Home: Capturing Thermal Load Uncertainties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Model Description
2.1. Uncertainty Factors
2.1.1. Solar Radiation
2.1.2. Outdoor Temperature
2.2. Photovoltaic Array
2.3. Solar Collector
2.4. Optimal Scheduling
Thermal Load
3. Simulation Results and Discussion
3.1. Input Data
3.2. Uncertainty
3.3. Optimal Scheduling
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
t | Set of time. |
i | Set for the smart appliances. |
s | Set for the scenarios. |
Scenario probability. | |
Number of bedrooms. | |
Indoor temperature (). | |
Time interval (hour). | |
Room equivalent thermal resistance (). | |
Room thermal capacity (). | |
Outdoor temperature (). | |
Room effective window (). | |
I | Solar irradiance (). |
Heating and ventilation thermal energy demand (). | |
Total thermal load (). | |
Hot water thermal load (). | |
Photovoltaic electricity generation (). | |
Efficiency of photovoltaic panel. | |
Efficiency of solar collector. | |
Photovoltaic panel size (). | |
Solar collector size (). | |
Stored thermal energy in the water tank (). | |
Injected electricity to the grid (). | |
Purchased electricity form the grid (). | |
Electricity demand (). | |
Thermal energy generation by eclectic boiler (). | |
Electricity consumption of eclectic boiler (). | |
Sold electricity price to the grid (). | |
Purchased electricity cost from the grid (). | |
f | Probability density function (PDF). |
Beta distribution parameters. | |
Normal distribution parameters. | |
Thermal energy consumption of the washing machine (). | |
Thermal energy consumption of the dishwasher (). | |
Uncontrollable hot water energy consumption (). | |
Rated power of smart appliances (). | |
Required operation time of smart appliances (h). | |
Earliest operation time of smart appliances. | |
Latest operation time of smart appliances. | |
State of smart appliance (binary variable). | |
|Dishwasher. | |
Water supply pump. | |
Dryer (cloth). | |
Washing machine. | |
Energy stored in the battery. | |
Efficiency of the battery storage. | |
Electricity charge of battery storage. | |
Electricity discharge of battery storage. | |
Capacity of battery storage. | |
Battery charge/discharge rate. |
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End-Use | End-Use Temperature (F) | Water Demand (gal/day) |
---|---|---|
Washing machine | 120 | |
Dishwasher | 120 | |
Shower | 105 | |
Bath | 105 | |
Sink | 105 |
Component | Rated Power (KW) | Required Operation (h) | Allowed Operation Time Interval |
---|---|---|---|
Washing machine | 1 | 2 | [9–15] |
Dryer | 1.3 | 1 | [16–23] |
Dish washer | 0.5 | 2 | [9–23] |
Water pump | 0.7 | 3 | [1–24] |
(KWh/C) | (m) | (C/KW) |
---|---|---|
8.188 | 20.203 | 37.984 |
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Ahmadi, E.; Noorollahi, Y.; Mohammadi-Ivatloo, B.; Anvari-Moghaddam, A. Stochastic Operation of a Solar-Powered Smart Home: Capturing Thermal Load Uncertainties. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125089
Ahmadi E, Noorollahi Y, Mohammadi-Ivatloo B, Anvari-Moghaddam A. Stochastic Operation of a Solar-Powered Smart Home: Capturing Thermal Load Uncertainties. Sustainability. 2020; 12(12):5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125089
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmadi, Esmaeil, Younes Noorollahi, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, and Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam. 2020. "Stochastic Operation of a Solar-Powered Smart Home: Capturing Thermal Load Uncertainties" Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5089. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12125089