Performance Evaluation and Design of Thermo-Responsive SMP Shading Prototypes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. CABS (Climate-Adaptive Building Skin) and Smart-Material-Based Shading Devices
1.3. Research Direction
2. Base Design
2.1. SMP Principles
2.2. Building Conditions
2.3. Prototype
3. Methods: Performance Validation and Design Optimization
3.1. Performance Criteria and Framework
3.2. Temperature Study
3.2.1. Temperature Data and Urban Heat Island Effects
3.2.2. Response and Operating Temperature
3.2.3. Temperature and SMP Operation Schedule Adjustment
3.3. Simplified Performance Analysis Methods
3.3.1. Simulation Tool
3.3.2. Settings
3.4. Design Optimization: Geometry-Shading Device Unit Size and Arrangements
4. Results
4.1. Results Part 1—Daylight Analysis
4.2. Results Part 2—Radiation Analysis
4.3. Results Part 3—Operation Hybrids
4.4. Evaluation and Discussions
4.4.1. Evaluation and Sustainability Values
- Environmental Dimension: (1) Material and Resource—Life-Cycle Cost, Climate Change Adaptability; (2) Energy—Energy Performance, Control of Heat Load, Efficiency of Building System.
- Economic Dimension: Reduced Environmental Impact—Bio-degradable.
- Social Dimension: (1) Indoor Environment—Thermal Comfort, Visual Comfort; (2) Design and Management—Integrated Design Process, Innovation.
4.4.2. Discussion
- Operating Schedule
- Individual Independent Operations of SMP Units
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
DAY | MONTH | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||
1 | 1.3769 | 1.6454 | 0.2759 | 1.7387 | 0.0989 | 0.2244 | 0.0820 | 0.9634 | 0.3385 | 2.4418 | 0.9488 | 2.3857 | 0.2901 | 1.0556 | 1.4942 | 0.0235 | |||||||||
2 | 0.1603 | 0.2673 | 0.3724 | 1.3452 | 1.5261 | 0.4417 | 0.9234 | 0.0137 | 0.5433 | 1.6382 | 0.3846 | 2.4623 | 0.3986 | 0.4467 | 1.5424 | 2.8562 | |||||||||
3 | 1.3361 | 1.4839 | 0.2407 | 0.0735 | 0.9723 | 0.2268 | 1.2119 | 0.2689 | 0.6481 | 0.4093 | 3.2823 | 0.5332 | 1.5374 | 0.1240 | 1.0218 | 2.0930 | |||||||||
4 | 0.1868 | 0.2460 | 0.4004 | 0.3566 | 0.3223 | 0.0097 | 0.2514 | 1.8412 | 0.0000 | 0.7445 | 0.6114 | 0.7632 | 2.6635 | 0.6437 | 0.7657 | 0.4963 | 1.0546 | 0.0268 | |||||||
5 | 1.2340 | 1.5682 | 0.2595 | 0.1257 | 1.7992 | 0.0256 | 0.8031 | 1.9917 | 0.3048 | 1.1114 | 0.6249 | 2.6386 | 3.8315 | 1.0272 | 0.6543 | ||||||||||
6 | 1.9606 | 0.5844 | 0.5047 | 0.3450 | 1.4978 | 0.2238 | 1.7368 | 1.5574 | 0.1343 | 0.6553 | 1.0921 | 3.0771 | 0.6536 | 0.3136 | 0.0144 | ||||||||||
7 | 0.3864 | 0.4296 | 0.0333 | 0.0769 | 0.7648 | 0.2561 | 1.7429 | 0.2398 | 1.8311 | 0.3824 | 2.3905 | 1.1366 | 3.7054 | 2.0769 | 3.0570 | 0.0998 | |||||||||
8 | 1.7187 | 1.0575 | 0.1677 | 1.0464 | 1.3339 | 0.2001 | 0.3856 | 1.3605 | 0.0890 | 1.4782 | 0.0685 | 0.1819 | 0.3946 | 2.8353 | 0.9424 | 2.2061 | 0.6368 | 0.6436 | 0.0230 | ||||||
9 | 1.4482 | 0.7334 | 0.1221 | 1.4181 | 0.7211 | 0.1258 | 0.1232 | 0.4605 | 0.2284 | 1.8457 | 0.1200 | 1.2759 | 0.2569 | 1.2950 | 1.2325 | 3.8629 | 2.0858 | 2.3274 | 0.1123 | ||||||
10 | 0.7141 | 1.3919 | 0.2525 | 0.9633 | 1.3622 | 0.2491 | 0.1442 | 1.0939 | 0.4137 | 0.9902 | 1.4717 | 0.2791 | 0.4539 | 1.1833 | 3.4667 | 0.9807 | 0.7500 | 0.2594 | |||||||
11 | 1.6649 | 0.9585 | 0.2472 | 1.5397 | 0.9785 | 0.4902 | 0.2747 | 1.6304 | 0.0358 | 0.2292 | 0.1533 | 1.3126 | 0.0132 | 0.1760 | 0.2191 | 0.9160 | 0.0241 | 2.2546 | 2.7760 | 0.6189 | |||||
12 | 0.2574 | 1.6693 | 0.1668 | 1.7277 | 0.4938 | 0.2476 | 0.8019 | 0.3282 | 1.5018 | 0.1657 | 2.7987 | 2.8692 | 0.1456 | ||||||||||||
13 | 0.3309 | 0.4819 | 0.2368 | 0.6533 | 0.4342 | 0.3906 | 0.3293 | 1.4723 | 0.1979 | 1.6658 | 0.1437 | 0.3956 | 0.0198 | 0.3632 | 0.3794 | 0.6118 | 0.5548 | 0.0679 | 0.0000 | ||||||
14 | 1.5382 | 0.8622 | 0.4625 | 0.1171 | 1.0182 | 0.1997 | 1.8730 | 0.1128 | 0.6183 | 0.0110 | 0.9157 | 1.6236 | 2.8159 | 0.3187 | 2.8428 | 2.5648 | 0.4621 | ||||||||
15 | 1.0420 | 1.2994 | 0.2350 | 0.4549 | 1.5969 | 0.1181 | 1.6392 | 0.0296 | 0.5439 | 0.5408 | 2.4772 | 0.5829 | 3.9641 | ||||||||||||
16 | 1.3307 | 0.6055 | 0.4786 | 1.1822 | 1.3212 | 0.2341 | 0.4602 | 1.6573 | 0.1726 | 0.1174 | 0.0749 | 0.1950 | 0.4801 | 3.6194 | 1.8115 | 2.4167 | 0.0918 | 2.6097 | 2.3502 | 0.3234 | |||||
17 | 2.3710 | 1.3494 | 0.6115 | 0.8448 | 0.3315 | 0.1989 | 0.1032 | 0.6011 | 0.1559 | 1.3954 | 0.0358 | 0.1654 | 0.4014 | 3.0412 | 1.3320 | 2.7513 | 0.2137 | 2.1915 | 1.7203 | 0.0049 | |||||
18 | 0.2428 | 0.0537 | 0.0039 | 0.1802 | 1.7337 | 0.1992 | 1.8641 | 0.2864 | 2.2001 | 0.4422 | 2.9925 | 1.6467 | 2.7407 | 1.9896 | 1.9148 | 0.0595 | |||||||||
19 | 0.1674 | 0.1068 | 0.0432 | 1.4256 | 0.6630 | 0.1243 | 0.2315 | 1.1315 | 0.0150 | 0.1280 | 0.1651 | 1.4398 | 0.4831 | 3.1364 | 1.3493 | 2.1231 | 0.0582 | 0.9516 | 1.1580 | 0.0149 | |||||
20 | 2.8458 | 1.9915 | 0.3644 | 0.8159 | 0.1864 | 0.1226 | 1.4277 | 0.9381 | 0.2312 | 0.0468 | 0.2409 | 0.1405 | 1.3624 | 0.0776 | 1.2048 | 0.3256 | 2.2087 | 0.5557 | 1.3019 | 2.8764 | 1.5946 | 0.3835 | |||
21 | 2.0270 | 1.2347 | 0.6496 | 0.3681 | 0.6026 | 0.2505 | 1.7049 | 0.0402 | 0.6219 | 0.3082 | 2.5949 | 0.3973 | 1.6529 | 1.0686 | 3.3873 | 0.1128 | 0.1449 | 0.0415 | |||||||
22 | 1.0939 | 1.3557 | 0.1789 | 1.6270 | 0.2605 | 1.9330 | 0.2259 | 1.7533 | 0.2328 | 2.3718 | 1.0091 | 3.7633 | 1.2469 | 1.0448 | 0.2326 | ||||||||||
23 | 0.7199 | 0.8946 | 0.1167 | 1.6938 | 0.2605 | 1.6650 | 0.3067 | 2.3733 | 0.4224 | 2.9396 | 0.9957 | 2.0801 | 1.4842 | 1.9110 | 0.1228 | ||||||||||
24 | 2.1463 | 0.6118 | 0.5186 | 0.5031 | 1.7170 | 0.1202 | 1.7291 | 0.0613 | 0.5166 | 0.3185 | 2.1567 | 0.0413 | 0.1438 | 1.7110 | 2.7977 | 0.2175 | 2.4515 | 1.8467 | 0.1141 | ||||||
25 | 1.7730 | 0.7917 | 0.8991 | 1.4197 | 0.9102 | 0.2270 | 0.2439 | 1.6373 | 0.0476 | 0.7315 | 0.3256 | 2.4277 | 0.8351 | 3.3026 | 3.1095 | 2.0167 | 0.8039 | 2.5477 | 2.3555 | 0.0717 | |||||
26 | 1.0419 | 0.4625 | 0.1730 | 0.3502 | 1.5365 | 0.1789 | 0.2304 | 1.7051 | 1.8371 | 2.8647 | 1.0161 | 3.5209 | 3.0440 | 2.1194 | 0.8278 | 0.5552 | 0.2484 | 0.0460 | |||||||
27 | 1.8538 | 1.0511 | 0.5809 | 1.2903 | 0.6425 | 0.0735 | 1.8640 | 0.1842 | 1.1934 | 2.4924 | 1.5003 | 2.3301 | 1.4667 | 0.9150 | 0.1046 | 0.1037 | 0.0461 | 0.0200 | |||||||
28 | 1.7376 | 0.5857 | 0.1737 | 0.0281 | 0.2140 | 0.2301 | 1.2973 | 0.0358 | 0.4898 | 2.2383 | 0.1305 | 0.3716 | 1.7380 | 3.6291 | 0.2108 | ||||||||||
29 | 1.4712 | 0.9192 | 0.5046 | 0.9494 | 1.1377 | 0.2149 | 0.0780 | 1.7383 | 0.0586 | 0.7938 | 1.3228 | 0.0700 | 0.4337 | 1.3665 | 3.6815 | 0.2028 | |||||||||
30 | 0.2516 | 0.7797 | 0.2214 | 0.5174 | 0.5264 | 0.2305 | 0.0940 | 0.3875 | 0.2813 | 1.9782 | 1.7148 | 0.2530 | 2.2901 | 2.0421 | 3.7268 | 0.2270 | |||||||||
31 | 0.1530 | 1.8534 | 0.2828 | 1.5925 | 0.3105 | 2.8842 | 0.8895 | 2.0128 |
DAY | MONTH | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||
1 | 0.5578 | 0.6113 | 0.1405 | 0.7781 | 0.0534 | 0.0630 | 0.0442 | 0.2978 | 0.1801 | 0.7957 | 0.4109 | 0.6403 | 0.1665 | 0.5670 | 0.3496 | 0.0131 | |||||||||
2 | 0.0860 | 0.0750 | 0.2100 | 0.5556 | 0.5507 | 0.2379 | 0.3195 | 0.0074 | 0.1549 | 0.5334 | 0.1809 | 0.8383 | 0.2108 | 0.1201 | 0.7897 | 0.6456 | |||||||||
3 | 0.5506 | 0.5558 | 0.1361 | 0.0397 | 0.3399 | 0.1213 | 0.3771 | 0.1483 | 0.1924 | 0.1926 | 1.1421 | 0.2880 | 0.4251 | 0.0729 | 0.5579 | 0.4777 | |||||||||
4 | 0.1007 | 0.0696 | 0.2187 | 0.1901 | 0.0908 | 0.0053 | 0.1454 | 0.7952 | 0.0000 | 0.2398 | 0.1756 | 0.3179 | 0.8782 | 0.3334 | 0.2029 | 0.2873 | 0.2599 | 0.0153 | |||||||
5 | 0.4367 | 0.6170 | 0.1467 | 0.0796 | 0.8315 | 0.0139 | 0.2312 | 0.7410 | 0.1641 | 0.3206 | 0.3275 | 0.6729 | 1.8974 | 0.2455 | 0.4143 | ||||||||||
6 | 0.8116 | 0.2573 | 0.2714 | 0.1913 | 0.6135 | 0.1299 | 0.6758 | 0.4902 | 0.0724 | 0.1838 | 0.4585 | 0.8099 | 0.3599 | 0.0770 | 0.0079 | ||||||||||
7 | 0.2064 | 0.1282 | 0.0181 | 0.0416 | 0.2363 | 0.1440 | 0.6620 | 0.1348 | 0.6063 | 0.1881 | 0.7623 | 0.4587 | 0.9431 | 1.0760 | 0.6580 | 0.0697 | |||||||||
8 | 0.7397 | 0.3215 | 0.0945 | 0.4902 | 0.4860 | 0.1107 | 0.2107 | 0.4475 | 0.0480 | 0.5056 | 0.0371 | 0.0509 | 0.1947 | 0.8920 | 0.4464 | 0.5671 | 0.3507 | 0.1589 | 0.0131 | ||||||
9 | 0.6164 | 0.2162 | 0.0661 | 0.6435 | 0.2351 | 0.0681 | 0.0665 | 0.1298 | 0.1253 | 0.7469 | 0.0647 | 0.4096 | 0.1379 | 0.3652 | 0.5126 | 1.0134 | 1.0694 | 0.5108 | 0.0795 | ||||||
10 | 0.3544 | 0.4382 | 0.1456 | 0.4667 | 0.5447 | 0.1415 | 0.0773 | 0.3225 | 0.2200 | 0.2951 | 0.4498 | 0.1488 | 0.1272 | 0.5063 | 0.8716 | 0.5352 | 0.1775 | 0.1621 | |||||||
11 | 0.6697 | 0.2943 | 0.1408 | 0.5638 | 0.4238 | 0.2651 | 0.1475 | 0.7452 | 0.0194 | 0.0645 | 0.0822 | 0.3989 | 0.0071 | 0.0492 | 0.1186 | 0.2332 | 0.0132 | 1.0837 | 0.5900 | 0.3941 | |||||
12 | 0.1350 | 0.7874 | 0.0916 | 0.6259 | 0.1389 | 0.1322 | 0.2289 | 0.1710 | 0.3907 | 0.1028 | 1.4749 | 0.6176 | 0.1044 | ||||||||||||
13 | 0.1773 | 0.1469 | 0.1327 | 0.3421 | 0.1456 | 0.2101 | 0.1790 | 0.5284 | 0.1190 | 0.6560 | 0.0820 | 0.1110 | 0.0107 | 0.1017 | 0.2027 | 0.1674 | 0.2994 | 0.0185 | 0.0000 | ||||||
14 | 0.6066 | 0.3396 | 0.2526 | 0.0629 | 0.2989 | 0.1063 | 0.7275 | 0.0605 | 0.1750 | 0.0059 | 0.2640 | 0.7044 | 0.7115 | 0.1981 | 1.5016 | 0.5336 | 0.3090 | ||||||||
15 | 0.4911 | 0.5164 | 0.1329 | 0.2453 | 0.5958 | 0.0718 | 0.6533 | 0.0161 | 0.1609 | 0.2717 | 0.7266 | 0.2166 | 0.9562 | ||||||||||||
16 | 0.6427 | 0.1687 | 0.2572 | 0.5295 | 0.4957 | 0.1326 | 0.2401 | 0.6993 | 0.0925 | 0.0329 | 0.0405 | 0.0546 | 0.2057 | 1.1303 | 0.7715 | 0.5637 | 0.0582 | 1.3685 | 0.4816 | 0.2135 | |||||
17 | 0.8983 | 0.3705 | 0.3110 | 0.4188 | 0.0937 | 0.1072 | 0.0555 | 0.1698 | 0.0830 | 0.4772 | 0.0194 | 0.0463 | 0.1985 | 0.9048 | 0.6275 | 0.6766 | 0.1337 | 1.2185 | 0.3695 | 0.0026 | |||||
18 | 0.1302 | 0.0150 | 0.0021 | 0.1111 | 0.7714 | 0.1172 | 0.7261 | 0.1561 | 0.7523 | 0.2174 | 0.8788 | 0.7381 | 0.6597 | 1.1015 | 0.4057 | 0.0416 | |||||||||
19 | 0.0904 | 0.0298 | 0.0234 | 0.6453 | 0.2264 | 0.0712 | 0.1255 | 0.3396 | 0.0081 | 0.0358 | 0.0884 | 0.4330 | 0.2268 | 0.9204 | 0.6346 | 0.5024 | 0.0330 | 0.5357 | 0.2582 | 0.0082 | |||||
20 | 0.8914 | 0.5825 | 0.2000 | 0.4160 | 0.0523 | 0.0664 | 0.6021 | 0.3733 | 0.1312 | 0.0253 | 0.0675 | 0.0753 | 0.4323 | 0.0420 | 0.3797 | 0.1769 | 0.6371 | 0.2968 | 0.3418 | 1.5842 | 0.3397 | 0.2471 | |||
21 | 0.6902 | 0.4765 | 0.3308 | 0.1928 | 0.1726 | 0.1354 | 0.6327 | 0.0218 | 0.1770 | 0.1577 | 0.9580 | 0.2068 | 0.4518 | 0.5305 | 0.8124 | 0.0618 | 0.0391 | 0.0228 | |||||||
22 | 0.4875 | 0.5313 | 0.0956 | 0.5750 | 0.1459 | 0.7407 | 0.1201 | 0.5569 | 0.1193 | 0.6614 | 0.4506 | 0.8888 | 0.7023 | 0.2313 | 0.1503 | ||||||||||
23 | 0.2170 | 0.2576 | 0.0743 | 0.8222 | 0.1443 | 0.5499 | 0.1434 | 0.8424 | 0.2164 | 0.8392 | 0.5255 | 0.4962 | 0.8595 | 0.4226 | 0.0891 | ||||||||||
24 | 0.8624 | 0.2378 | 0.2744 | 0.2656 | 0.6195 | 0.0763 | 0.8286 | 0.0331 | 0.1499 | 0.1700 | 0.6931 | 0.0224 | 0.0402 | 0.7576 | 0.6718 | 0.1400 | 1.3943 | 0.3907 | 0.0830 | ||||||
25 | 0.6158 | 0.2982 | 0.4307 | 0.6305 | 0.3511 | 0.1294 | 0.1357 | 0.6301 | 0.0257 | 0.2090 | 0.1481 | 0.8367 | 0.3627 | 0.9513 | 1.3140 | 0.4930 | 0.4698 | 1.4589 | 0.4802 | 0.0513 | |||||
26 | 0.5010 | 0.1361 | 0.0933 | 0.1854 | 0.5598 | 0.0999 | 0.1345 | 0.6582 | 0.6432 | 0.9805 | 0.3954 | 1.0142 | 1.2247 | 0.5116 | 0.4820 | 0.3144 | 0.0648 | 0.0254 | |||||||
27 | 0.6797 | 0.4029 | 0.3045 | 0.6144 | 0.2184 | 0.0397 | 0.7709 | 0.1027 | 0.3549 | 0.8657 | 0.5826 | 0.6367 | 0.7828 | 0.2315 | 0.0671 | 0.0564 | 0.0128 | 0.0109 | |||||||
28 | 0.6918 | 0.1829 | 0.0937 | 0.0152 | 0.0600 | 0.1296 | 0.4056 | 0.0194 | 0.1380 | 0.7499 | 0.0707 | 0.1034 | 0.7621 | 0.8350 | 0.1374 | ||||||||||
29 | 0.6034 | 0.3297 | 0.2713 | 0.4737 | 0.4396 | 0.1225 | 0.0419 | 0.7016 | 0.0317 | 0.2456 | 0.3894 | 0.0380 | 0.1207 | 0.5767 | 0.8400 | 0.1332 | |||||||||
30 | 0.1315 | 0.2343 | 0.1264 | 0.2763 | 0.1612 | 0.1311 | 0.0507 | 0.1090 | 0.1543 | 0.7251 | 0.5303 | 0.1322 | 0.6520 | 0.9713 | 0.8513 | 0.1510 | |||||||||
31 | 0.0945 | 0.8496 | 0.1550 | 0.5171 | 0.1686 | 0.9956 | 0.4735 | 0.4846 |
DAY | MONTH | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||
1 | 0.5217 | 0.6001 | 0.1204 | 0.7661 | 0.0518 | 0.0615 | 0.0429 | 0.2910 | 0.1728 | 0.7789 | 0.3978 | 0.6257 | 0.1616 | 0.5543 | 0.3395 | 0.0128 | |||||||||
2 | 0.0833 | 0.0732 | 0.2019 | 0.5157 | 0.5404 | 0.2231 | 0.3131 | 0.0072 | 0.1511 | 0.5221 | 0.1690 | 0.8200 | 0.2050 | 0.1170 | 0.7711 | 0.6244 | |||||||||
3 | 0.5112 | 0.5456 | 0.1310 | 0.0385 | 0.3331 | 0.1175 | 0.3690 | 0.1428 | 0.1878 | 0.1804 | 1.1197 | 0.2799 | 0.4140 | 0.0711 | 0.5461 | 0.4629 | |||||||||
4 | 0.0977 | 0.0679 | 0.2099 | 0.1841 | 0.0886 | 0.0051 | 0.1371 | 0.7827 | 0.0000 | 0.2345 | 0.1714 | 0.2971 | 0.8601 | 0.3243 | 0.1980 | 0.2809 | 0.2519 | 0.0149 | |||||||
5 | 0.3917 | 0.6067 | 0.1400 | 0.0718 | 0.8194 | 0.0135 | 0.2257 | 0.7255 | 0.1585 | 0.3128 | 0.3188 | 0.6577 | 1.8521 | 0.2342 | 0.4070 | ||||||||||
6 | 0.7550 | 0.2521 | 0.2551 | 0.1729 | 0.6034 | 0.1232 | 0.6639 | 0.4793 | 0.0702 | 0.1794 | 0.4433 | 0.7901 | 0.3519 | 0.0745 | 0.0077 | ||||||||||
7 | 0.1999 | 0.1252 | 0.0175 | 0.0403 | 0.2309 | 0.1379 | 0.6502 | 0.1302 | 0.5933 | 0.1797 | 0.7460 | 0.4432 | 0.9213 | 1.0496 | 0.6374 | 0.0688 | |||||||||
8 | 0.7106 | 0.3139 | 0.2026 | 0.4677 | 0.4760 | 0.1068 | 0.1972 | 0.4382 | 0.0465 | 0.4959 | 0.0360 | 0.0497 | 0.1856 | 0.8729 | 0.4331 | 0.5525 | 0.3429 | 0.1549 | 0.0127 | ||||||
9 | 0.5922 | 0.2112 | 0.0641 | 0.6041 | 0.2297 | 0.0661 | 0.0645 | 0.1266 | 0.1212 | 0.7346 | 0.0627 | 0.4000 | 0.1335 | 0.3565 | 0.4967 | 0.9874 | 1.0448 | 0.4932 | 0.0785 | ||||||
10 | 0.3427 | 0.4280 | 0.1400 | 0.4456 | 0.5342 | 0.1353 | 0.0749 | 0.3150 | 0.2115 | 0.2882 | 0.4393 | 0.1441 | 0.1241 | 0.4912 | 0.8508 | 0.5226 | 0.1715 | 0.1592 | |||||||
11 | 0.6422 | 0.2875 | 0.1355 | 0.5036 | 0.4153 | 0.2497 | 0.1293 | 0.7344 | 0.0188 | 0.0629 | 0.0797 | 0.3897 | 0.0069 | 0.0480 | 0.1151 | 0.2275 | 0.0128 | 1.0544 | 0.5687 | 0.3873 | |||||
12 | 0.1160 | 0.7763 | 0.0884 | 0.6141 | 0.1355 | 0.1281 | 0.2233 | 0.1660 | 0.3801 | 0.1006 | 1.4408 | 0.5952 | 0.1032 | ||||||||||||
13 | 0.1719 | 0.1432 | 0.1285 | 0.3309 | 0.1425 | 0.1999 | 0.1633 | 0.5181 | 0.1119 | 0.6444 | 0.0796 | 0.1083 | 0.0104 | 0.0992 | 0.1968 | 0.1632 | 0.2922 | 0.0181 | 0.0000 | ||||||
14 | 0.5480 | 0.3326 | 0.2403 | 0.0609 | 0.2919 | 0.1028 | 0.7146 | 0.0586 | 0.1708 | 0.0058 | 0.2575 | 0.6882 | 0.6919 | 0.1940 | 1.4666 | 0.5156 | 0.3043 | ||||||||
15 | 0.4602 | 0.5066 | 0.1276 | 0.2314 | 0.5852 | 0.0648 | 0.6421 | 0.0156 | 0.1570 | 0.2630 | 0.7113 | 0.2104 | 0.9321 | ||||||||||||
16 | 0.6245 | 0.1642 | 0.2499 | 0.4925 | 0.4868 | 0.1279 | 0.2258 | 0.6882 | 0.0896 | 0.0321 | 0.0393 | 0.0532 | 0.1944 | 1.1089 | 0.7528 | 0.5504 | 0.0571 | 1.3359 | 0.4655 | 0.2102 | |||||
17 | 0.8717 | 0.3621 | 0.3013 | 0.4040 | 0.0914 | 0.1039 | 0.0538 | 0.1656 | 0.0802 | 0.4674 | 0.0189 | 0.0451 | 0.1912 | 0.8860 | 0.6133 | 0.6574 | 0.1310 | 1.1924 | 0.3565 | 0.0026 | |||||
18 | 0.1262 | 0.0147 | 0.0020 | 0.1036 | 0.7600 | 0.1103 | 0.7128 | 0.1482 | 0.7362 | 0.2095 | 0.8602 | 0.7209 | 0.6419 | 1.0778 | 0.3920 | 0.0411 | |||||||||
19 | 0.0877 | 0.0291 | 0.0227 | 0.6000 | 0.2215 | 0.0692 | 0.1212 | 0.3317 | 0.0079 | 0.0349 | 0.0856 | 0.4237 | 0.2180 | 0.9012 | 0.6203 | 0.4894 | 0.0321 | 0.5244 | 0.2501 | 0.0080 | |||||
20 | 0.8583 | 0.5696 | 0.1934 | 0.4018 | 0.0510 | 0.0644 | 0.5459 | 0.3660 | 0.1267 | 0.0246 | 0.0658 | 0.0729 | 0.4227 | 0.0407 | 0.3710 | 0.1718 | 0.6217 | 0.2890 | 0.3318 | 1.5490 | 0.3275 | 0.2429 | |||
21 | 0.6324 | 0.4659 | 0.3092 | 0.1865 | 0.1684 | 0.1304 | 0.6215 | 0.0211 | 0.1727 | 0.1441 | 0.9395 | 0.2000 | 0.4414 | 0.5172 | 0.7894 | 0.0600 | 0.0381 | 0.0222 | |||||||
22 | 0.4544 | 0.5218 | 0.0926 | 0.5640 | 0.1397 | 0.7273 | 0.1159 | 0.5440 | 0.1156 | 0.6463 | 0.4384 | 0.8644 | 0.6878 | 0.2239 | 0.1478 | ||||||||||
23 | 0.2094 | 0.2514 | 0.0671 | 0.8113 | 0.1392 | 0.5384 | 0.1294 | 0.8244 | 0.2093 | 0.8210 | 0.5127 | 0.4829 | 0.8428 | 0.4064 | 0.0881 | ||||||||||
24 | 0.8060 | 0.2325 | 0.2604 | 0.2514 | 0.6078 | 0.0694 | 0.8175 | 0.0321 | 0.1463 | 0.1607 | 0.6780 | 0.0218 | 0.0392 | 0.7415 | 0.6502 | 0.1375 | 1.3645 | 0.3774 | 0.0821 | ||||||
25 | 0.5626 | 0.2911 | 0.4034 | 0.5771 | 0.3441 | 0.1250 | 0.1311 | 0.6191 | 0.0250 | 0.2040 | 0.1338 | 0.8202 | 0.3506 | 0.9314 | 1.2850 | 0.4762 | 0.4594 | 1.4286 | 0.4626 | 0.0506 | |||||
26 | 0.4822 | 0.1329 | 0.0905 | 0.1781 | 0.5496 | 0.0970 | 0.1271 | 0.6466 | 0.6297 | 0.9602 | 0.3792 | 0.9930 | 1.1960 | 0.4932 | 0.4713 | 0.3066 | 0.0632 | 0.0247 | |||||||
27 | 0.6319 | 0.3943 | 0.2855 | 0.5745 | 0.2139 | 0.0385 | 0.7587 | 0.0996 | 0.3467 | 0.8480 | 0.5620 | 0.6228 | 0.7641 | 0.2248 | 0.0659 | 0.0548 | 0.0125 | 0.0106 | |||||||
28 | 0.6412 | 0.1786 | 0.0908 | 0.0147 | 0.0585 | 0.1252 | 0.3967 | 0.0188 | 0.1346 | 0.7336 | 0.0686 | 0.1009 | 0.7434 | 0.8091 | 0.1351 | ||||||||||
29 | 0.5709 | 0.3224 | 0.2577 | 0.4435 | 0.4317 | 0.1185 | 0.0406 | 0.6899 | 0.0307 | 0.2399 | 0.3801 | 0.0369 | 0.1177 | 0.5614 | 0.8140 | 0.1309 | |||||||||
30 | 0.1272 | 0.2289 | 0.1221 | 0.2668 | 0.1575 | 0.1267 | 0.0492 | 0.1063 | 0.1459 | 0.7104 | 0.5188 | 0.1282 | 0.6363 | 0.9478 | 0.8245 | 0.1486 | |||||||||
31 | 0.0857 | 0.8370 | 0.1478 | 0.5058 | 0.1614 | 0.9764 | 0.4627 | 0.4697 |
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Category of Technologies | Studied Technologies |
---|---|
Material | Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) |
Component | Shading device |
Façade System | Glass Curtain wall |
Source | Task | Recommendations Range |
---|---|---|
[48] | Computer-based tasks | 100–300 |
Paper-based tasks | 200–600 | |
Maximum values | 1280–1800 | |
[43] | Working spaces with occasional visual tasks | 100–200 |
Performance of visual tasks of high contrast/Large size | 200–500 | |
Performance of visual tasks of low contrast/Small size | 1000–2000 |
Source | Application | Material | Tool | Performance Criteria | Objective |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
[56,116] | Shading | Shape memory Alloy (SMA) | Ladybug Radiance | Solar Irradiation Incident radiance | SMA thermal model (kinetic performance) Neighborhood impact and configuration pattern |
[20] | Shading | SMP SMA | Grasshopper Abaqus ™ | Daylight FEM | Validation of two-way morphing concept |
[33] | Shading | SMA | Ladybug (Grasshopper) | Daylight Solar radiance | Unknown |
[40,117] | Shading | SMA | Irradiance for SketchUp | Energy | SMA actuator |
[118] | Shading | Polarized Film (Liquid Crystal) | Evolutionary Algorithm | Tessellation | Optimized patterns |
[119] | Shading | Woven Bamboo | On-site measurement DIVA-for Rhino | Visible daylight transmittance Solar radiation transmittance | Daylighting, shading, and mechanical performance evaluation Configuration Optimization |
[90] | Shading | Unknown | On-site sensor DIVA Grasshopper IPython | Energy Irradiance Daylight | Integration of BPS (Building Performance Simulation), optimization of algorithms, and electronic sensors with parametric building modeling |
[111] | Glazing | TC | On-site measurement EnergyPlus | Incident radiance Energy | Switching temperature range |
[40] | Glazing | SMA | Unknown | FEM | SMA actuator working through thermal activation to control the deformation |
[67] | Glazing Opaque Wall | PCM TP, PC, EC glazing | On-site measurement | Energy | ACRESS prototype evaluation |
Grid (mm) | 50 | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daylight Simulation Result |
Grid (mm) | 20 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 300 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radiation Simulation Result |
Indicator | Type 1 | Type 2 | Type 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Radiation | +++ | ++ | ++ |
Daylight | ++ | ++ | ++ |
Visual Connection | + | ++ | +++ |
Aesthetic | + | ++ | +++ |
(1) SMP (Tg = 35) Shading Device Operating Phases According to calculated SUHI Temperature | |
(2) Shading Device Operating Phases According to Ambient Temperature and Adaptive Comfort |
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Yoon, J.; Bae, S. Performance Evaluation and Design of Thermo-Responsive SMP Shading Prototypes. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4391. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114391
Yoon J, Bae S. Performance Evaluation and Design of Thermo-Responsive SMP Shading Prototypes. Sustainability. 2020; 12(11):4391. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114391
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoon, Jungwon, and Sanghyun Bae. 2020. "Performance Evaluation and Design of Thermo-Responsive SMP Shading Prototypes" Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4391. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114391