Critical Infrastructures: The Operational Environment in Cases of Severe Disruption
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Research, Development and Innovation, Police University College, P.O. Box 123, FI-33721 Tampere, Finland
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Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, P.O. Box 600, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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Research and Development, The Finnish National Rescue Association (SPEK), Ratamestarinkatu 11, 00520 Helsinki, Finland
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Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 692, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2019, 11(3), 838; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030838
Received: 21 December 2018
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Revised: 30 January 2019
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Accepted: 2 February 2019
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Published: 6 February 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Security, Sustainability and Resilience in Energy, Food and Water)
The functioning and resilience of modern societies have become more and more dependent on critical infrastructures. Severe disturbance to critical infrastructure is likely to reveal chaotic operational conditions, in which infrastructure service providers, emergency services, police, municipalities, and other key stakeholders must act effectively to minimize damages and restore normal operations. This paper aims to better understand this kind of operational environment resulting from, for example, a terrorist attack. It emphasizes mutual interdependencies among key stakeholders in such situations. The empirical contribution is based on observations from a workshop, in which participants representing the critical services and infrastructures in Finland discussed in thematic groups. Two scenarios guided the workshop discussions; nationwide electricity grid disruption and presumably intentionally contaminated water supply in a city. The results indicate that more attention should be paid to the interdependencies between critical infrastructures, as well as to the latent vulnerabilities hidden inside the systems. Furthermore, producing security seems to require continuous interaction and creation of meanings between extremely different actors and logics. This implies a need for changes in thinking, particularly concerning the ability to define problems across conventional administrative structures, geographical boundaries and conferred powers.
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Keywords:
critical infrastructure; resilience; interdependencies; water; energy; terrorism
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MDPI and ACS Style
Heino, O.; Takala, A.; Jukarainen, P.; Kalalahti, J.; Kekki, T.; Verho, P. Critical Infrastructures: The Operational Environment in Cases of Severe Disruption. Sustainability 2019, 11, 838. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030838
AMA Style
Heino O, Takala A, Jukarainen P, Kalalahti J, Kekki T, Verho P. Critical Infrastructures: The Operational Environment in Cases of Severe Disruption. Sustainability. 2019; 11(3):838. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030838
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeino, Ossi, Annina Takala, Pirjo Jukarainen, Joanna Kalalahti, Tuula Kekki, and Pekka Verho. 2019. "Critical Infrastructures: The Operational Environment in Cases of Severe Disruption" Sustainability 11, no. 3: 838. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030838
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