A Synthesis of Opportunities for Applying the Telecoupling Framework to Marine Protected Areas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Distal Processes Affecting MPAs
3. The Telecoupling Framework—A Potential New Frontier for MPA Research
4. Opportunities for Applying the Telecoupling Framework to Marine Protected Areas
4.1. Telecoupled Ecosystem Services Approaches
4.2. Adapted Social Network Analysis
4.3. Telecoupled Qualitative Analysis
4.4. Telecoupled Supply Chain Analysis
4.5. Telecoupling Framework and Decision Support Tools
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Process | (a) Region → MPA | (b) MPA → Region |
---|---|---|
Pollution |
|
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Climate change |
|
|
Animal migration |
| |
Animal (and larval) dispersal |
|
|
Anthropogenic noise |
|
|
Invasive species |
| |
Fisheries |
|
Method | Description/Examples |
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Ecosystem services analysis | |
Social network analysis |
|
Remote sensing change detection analysis |
|
Integrated risk assessment |
|
Participatory approaches |
|
Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) |
|
Value chain analysis |
|
Particle tracking models | |
Telemetry |
|
Bio-economic models |
|
Telecoupling Approach | Example Telecoupling Study | Potential for MPAs |
---|---|---|
Spatial subsidies approach | Mapping ecosystem services (tourism and pollination) across the entire migratory pathway in bats to identify relative areas of high or low benefits and associated spatial disconnects in management planning [81] |
|
Adapted social network analysis | Understanding environmental and economic impacts of land competition among distant land grabbing actors in Madagascar by tracking flows among networked actors [90]. Semi-structured interviews with actors at multiple levels explicitly ask stakeholders about flow origin and direction. |
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Telecoupled qualitative analysis | Multi-site ethnographic approaches involve travel and intensive ethnographies with stakeholders at multiple sites that may be connected as sending, receiving, and spillover systems of a particular flow [91]. |
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Telecoupled supply chain analysis | A suite of methods (e.g., life cycle analysis (LCA), footprints, input-output analysis) can be used for analyzing supply chains. These approaches can be telecoupled by broadening the spatial scale and explicitly incorporating spillover effects and feedback loops [92]. |
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Telecoupling decision support tools | The Telecoupling Toolbox GeoApp is an open-source GIS platform allowing users to specify sending, receiving and spillover systems, quantify flows between systems, and map causes and effects across space [93]. |
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Share and Cite
Hull, V.; Rivera, C.J.; Wong, C. A Synthesis of Opportunities for Applying the Telecoupling Framework to Marine Protected Areas. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4450. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164450
Hull V, Rivera CJ, Wong C. A Synthesis of Opportunities for Applying the Telecoupling Framework to Marine Protected Areas. Sustainability. 2019; 11(16):4450. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164450
Chicago/Turabian StyleHull, Vanessa, Christian J. Rivera, and Chad Wong. 2019. "A Synthesis of Opportunities for Applying the Telecoupling Framework to Marine Protected Areas" Sustainability 11, no. 16: 4450. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164450