The Effect of Destination Social Responsibility on Tourists’ Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Emotions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background
2.1. Destination Social Responsibility
2.2. Tourist Emotions
2.3. Overall Satisfaction
3. Research Model and Hypothesis Development
3.1. Research Model
3.2. Hypothesis Development
3.2.1. Destination Social Responsibility and Tourists’ Emotions
3.2.2. Destination Social Responsibility and Overall Satisfaction
3.2.3. Tourists’ Emotions and Overall Satisfaction
4. Methodology
4.1. Operational Definitions
4.2. Measurement Items
4.3. Data Collection and Sampling
5. Empirical Results
5.1. Validation and Reliability
5.2. Results of Hypothesis Testing
6. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Constructs | Measurement Items | References |
---|---|---|
Economic Responsibility | “I thought that local authority, service providers, and companies in Hoi An…”
| [52,53] |
Environmental Responsibility |
| [52,53,54] |
Legal Responsibility |
| [52] |
Ethical Responsibility |
| [36,52] |
Philanthropic Responsibility |
| [52,55,56,57] |
Emotions | “Through my experience in Hoi An, …”
| [4] |
Overall Satisfaction |
| [28,58] |
Category | Classification | N | % | Category | Classification | N | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nationality | Europe | 159 | 44 | Age | 20–29 | 154 | 43 |
Asia | 124 | 34 | 30–39 | 89 | 25 | ||
Australia | 49 | 14 | 40–49 | 59 | 16 | ||
America | 25 | 7 | 50–59 | 47 | 13 | ||
Africa | 2 | 1 | 60 and older | 10 | 3 | ||
Gender | Male | 181 | 50 | Annual Income Level (USD) | Less than $10,000 | 41 | 11 |
Female | 178 | 50 | $10,000 to $29,999 | 53 | 15 | ||
Education | High school | 52 | 15 | $30,000 to $49,999 | 50 | 14 | |
College/University | 235 | 65 | $50,000 to $69,999 | 74 | 21 | ||
Graduate school | 72 | 20 | $70,000 to $99,999 | 75 | 21 | ||
More than $100,000 | 66 | 18 |
Constructs | Items | Factor Loading (EFA) | Cronbach’s Alpha | Std. Loading (CFA) | CR | AVE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Economic | Economic 1 | 0.805 | 0.948 | 0.811 | 0.959 | 0.799 |
Economic 2 | 0.848 | 0.850 | ||||
Economic 3 | 0.881 | 0.890 | ||||
Economic 4 | 0.875 | 0.884 | ||||
Economic 5 | 0.860 | 0.867 | ||||
Economic 6 | 0.902 | 0.906 | ||||
Environmental | Environment 1 | 0.753 | 0.888 | 0.728 | 0.890 | 0.574 |
Environment 3 | 0.749 | 0.736 | ||||
Environment 4 | 0.771 | 0.733 | ||||
Environment 5 | 0.720 | 0.726 | ||||
Environment 6 | 0.824 | 0.796 | ||||
Environment 7 | 0.832 | 0.811 | ||||
Legal–Ethical | Legal 1 | 0.735 | 0.922 | 0.751 | 0.934 | 0.705 |
Legal 2 | 0.867 | 0.849 | ||||
Ethical 1 | 0.816 | 0.825 | ||||
Ethical 2 | 0.837 | 0.845 | ||||
Ethical 3 | 0.768 | 0.747 | ||||
Ethical 4 | 0.862 | 0.880 | ||||
Philanthropic | Philanthropic 1 | 0.865 | 0.919 | 0.870 | 0.944 | 0.809 |
Philanthropic 2 | 0.871 | 0.881 | ||||
Philanthropic 3 | 0.813 | 0.785 | ||||
Philanthropic 4 | 0.872 | 0.906 | ||||
Emotions | Emotion 1 | 0.764 | 0.838 | 0.714 | 0.886 | 0.724 |
Emotion 2 | 0.809 | 0.904 | ||||
Emotion 3 | 0.788 | 0.779 | ||||
Overall Satisfaction | Satisfaction 1 | 0.854 | 0.952 | 0.874 | 0.973 | 0.899 |
Satisfaction 2 | 0.847 | 0.919 | ||||
Satisfaction 3 | 0.841 | 0.902 | ||||
Satisfaction 4 | 0.889 | 0.958 |
Variables | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Economic Res. | 3.28 | 0.78 | 1 | |||||
2. Environment Res. | 2.80 | 0.80 | 0.372 ** | 1 | ||||
3. Legal–Ethical Res. | 3.50 | 0.78 | 0.229 ** | 0.243 ** | 1 | |||
4. Philanthropic Res. | 3.74 | 0.74 | 0.242 ** | 0.200 ** | 0.282 ** | 1 | ||
5. Emotions | 3.76 | 0.73 | 0.369 ** | 0.303 ** | 0.455 ** | 0.327 ** | 1 | |
6. Overall Satisfaction | 3.96 | 0.70 | 0.261 ** | 0.273 ** | 0.445 ** | 0.486 ** | 0.402 ** | 1 |
Path | S.P.L a | S.E b | t Value | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1 | Economic Res. → Emotions | 0.206 | 0.053 | 3.742 | 0.000 |
Environmental Res. → Emotions | 0.120 | 0.054 | 2.127 | 0.033 | |
Legal–Ethical Res. → Emotions | 0.364 | 0.052 | 6.663 | 0.000 | |
Philanthropic Res. → Emotions | 0.174 | 0.055 | 3.269 | 0.001 | |
H2 | Economic Res. → Overall Satisfaction | 0.023 | 0.044 | 0.444 | 0.657 |
Environmental Res. → Overall Satisfaction | 0.083 | 0.044 | 1.600 | 0.110 | |
Legal–Ethical Res. → Overall Satisfaction | 0.258 | 0.046 | 4.725 | 0.000 | |
Philanthropic Res. → Overall Satisfaction | 0.355 | 0.046 | 7.008 | 0.000 | |
H3 | Emotions → Overall Satisfaction | 0.153 | 0.054 | 2.529 | 0.011 |
Path | Standard Path Loadings | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Effects | Direct Effects | Indirect Effects | |||
Economic Res. | → | Satisfaction | 0.054 | 0.023 | 0.032 ** |
Environmental Res. | → | 0.102 ** | 0.083 | 0.018 ** | |
Legal/Ethical Res. | → | 0.313 ** | 0.258 ** | 0.056 ** | |
Philanthropic Res. | → | 0.382 ** | 0.355 ** | 0.027 ** |
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Share and Cite
Tran, H.A.T.; Hwang, Y.S.; Yu, C.; Yoo, S.J. The Effect of Destination Social Responsibility on Tourists’ Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Emotions. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093044
Tran HAT, Hwang YS, Yu C, Yoo SJ. The Effect of Destination Social Responsibility on Tourists’ Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Emotions. Sustainability. 2018; 10(9):3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093044
Chicago/Turabian StyleTran, Huynh Anh Thu, Yun Seop Hwang, Cheon Yu, and Seung Jick Yoo. 2018. "The Effect of Destination Social Responsibility on Tourists’ Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Emotions" Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3044. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093044