From Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB) to Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZEN): A Mapping Review of Algorithm-Based LCA
SINTEF Building and Infrastructure, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2018, 10(7), 2405; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072405
Received: 31 May 2018
/
Revised: 3 July 2018
/
Accepted: 7 July 2018
/
Published: 10 July 2018
(This article belongs to the Collection Sustainable Built Environment)
The building industry is responsible for approximately 40% of energy consumption and 36% of greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union (EU). The most efficient way of reducing a building’s environmental impact is addressing it in the design stage. Here, design freedom is the greatest, but uncertainty is high and there is a nearly limitless number of design options. Based on experiences with zero emission buildings (ZEB) and zero emission neighbourhoods (ZEN), a mapping review has been conducted to analyse how parametric life cycle assessment (LCA) and algorithms have been used to address neighbourhoods, buildings, and construction materials. Results have identified a general gap of knowledge regarding the use of parametric LCA models for decision-support purposes, demonstrated by the substantial focus on analytical methods compared to procedural methods. Implications for the evolution from ZEB to ZEN are twofold: (i) an integrated approach with multiple tools and methods is required, and (ii) further development of algorithms in the tool are needed to address complexity, sensitivity, and uncertainty. This study is expected to foster the development of algorithmic approaches to improve the ZEB tool as a decision-support tool. Further research should address the key questions of when and how.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
life cycle assessment; LCA; carbon footprint; zero emission buildings; zero emission neighbourhoods; algorithms; parametric LCA; parametric design
▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Skaar, C.; Labonnote, N.; Gradeci, K. From Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB) to Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZEN): A Mapping Review of Algorithm-Based LCA. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2405. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072405
AMA Style
Skaar C, Labonnote N, Gradeci K. From Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB) to Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZEN): A Mapping Review of Algorithm-Based LCA. Sustainability. 2018; 10(7):2405. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072405
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkaar, Christofer, Nathalie Labonnote, and Klodian Gradeci. 2018. "From Zero Emission Buildings (ZEB) to Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZEN): A Mapping Review of Algorithm-Based LCA" Sustainability 10, no. 7: 2405. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072405
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
