Analysis of Flood Risk Due to Sea Level Rise in the Menor Sea (Murcia, Spain)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Vulnerability Analysis
2.2.1. Remote Sensing Applied in the Delimitation of Exposed Areas
2.2.2. Coastal Vulnerability Index
2.3. Calculation of the Risk of Flooding of the Menor Sea
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Coastal Vulnerability in the Menor Sea
3.2. Risk of Flooding in the Menor Sea
3.3. Environmental Impacts
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Minimum Values (m) | Maximum Values (m) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Scenarios | X0A | X1A | X1B | X2 | X3 | X0A | X1A | X1B | X2 | X3 | Extreme Value |
Swell | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.1 | |
Rise Sea level | 0.03 | 0.12 | −0.19 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.0375 | 0.15 | 0.92 | 0.75 | 1.5 | |
Mareal Range | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.61 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | |
Neotectonic | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.07 | |
Weather Event | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.07 | +2 m |
Tsunami | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.07 | +8 m |
Total | +4.53 | +4.53 | +4.22 | +5.03 | +5.65 | +4.929 | +4.92 | 5.69 | +5.55 | +6.34 |
Component | 1972–2008 (mm/year) | 1993–2008 (mm/year) |
---|---|---|
Gauges (Total) | 1.83 ± 0.18 | 2.61 ± 0.55 |
Gauges and altimeters (Total) | 2.10 ± 0.16 | 3.22 ± 0.41 |
1. Thermal expansion | 0.80 ± 0.15 | 0.88 ± 0.33 |
2. Glaciers and ice sheets | 0.67 ± 0.03 | 0.99 ± 0.04 |
3. Ice of Greenland | 0.12 ± 0.17 | 0.31 ± 0.17 |
4. Antarctic ice | 0.30 ± 0.20 | 0.43 ± 0.20 |
5. Land storage | −0.11 ± 0.19 | −0.08 ± 0.19 |
Sum of components (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) | 1.78 ± 0.36 | 2.54 ± 0.46 |
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Martínez-Graña, A.; Gómez, D.; Santos-Francés, F.; Bardají, T.; Goy, J.L.; Zazo, C. Analysis of Flood Risk Due to Sea Level Rise in the Menor Sea (Murcia, Spain). Sustainability 2018, 10, 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030780
Martínez-Graña A, Gómez D, Santos-Francés F, Bardají T, Goy JL, Zazo C. Analysis of Flood Risk Due to Sea Level Rise in the Menor Sea (Murcia, Spain). Sustainability. 2018; 10(3):780. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030780
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartínez-Graña, Antonio, Diego Gómez, Fernando Santos-Francés, Teresa Bardají, José Luis Goy, and Caridad Zazo. 2018. "Analysis of Flood Risk Due to Sea Level Rise in the Menor Sea (Murcia, Spain)" Sustainability 10, no. 3: 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030780