Generating Future-Oriented Energy Policies and Technologies from the Multidisciplinary Group Discussions by Text-Mining-Based Identification of Topics and Experts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Climate Change and Challenging Issues in Energy Research for Sustainability
1.2. Human Sciences and Multidisciplinary Energy Research
1.3. Two Main Streams of Energy Research: Policy Studies and Technology Innovation
1.4. Future-Oriented Methods for Energy Research
1.5. Purpose and Organization of This Paper
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Investigate Future Issues and Future Technologies That Are Relevant to Energy
2.2. Identify Topics for Multidisciplinary Group Discussions Using Text-Mining Techniques
2.3. Identify and Invite Experts to Multidisciplinary Group Discussions by Visualizing Strategic Maps
2.4. Elicit Future-Oriented EP&Ts by Hosting a Series of Multidisciplinary Group Discussions
2.5. Evaluating the Priorities among Future-Oriented EP&Ts
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
No. | General Future Trend | Keywords in Korea (English) | Type of Discipline 1 | References 2 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d1 | d2 | d3 | d4 | r1 | r2 | r3 | r4 | r5 | |||
1 | Hyper-connected society | 초연결 (hyper-connected), 사회 (society) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
2 | Low growth and shift in growth strategies | 저성장 (low growth), 불황 (recession) | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
3 | Digital economy | 디지털 (digital), 경제 (economy) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||
4 | Job insecurity | 직업 (job), 고용 (employment), 불안 (insecurity) | √ | √ | |||||||
5 | Manufacturing revolution | 제조업 (manufacturing), 혁명 (revolution), 혁신 (innovation) | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
6 | Bipolarized industrial structure | 산업 (industry), 양극화 (bipolarization) | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
7 | Financial crisis | 재정 (finance), 유동성 (liquidity), 위기 (crisis) | √ | √ | |||||||
8 | Technology for human need and happiness | 인간중심 (human-centered), 행복 (happiness), 필요 (need) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||
9 | The extension of donation and share | 기부 (donation), 공유 (sharing) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||
10 | The emphasis on creativity based on the humanities | 인문학 (the humanities), 창의성 (creativity), 협력 (cooperation) | √ | √ | |||||||
11 | The emphasis on sympathy and unification among different classes | 계층 (class), 통합 (integration), 세대 (generation), 공감 (sympathy) | √ | √ | |||||||
12 | Low fertility and super-aging society | 저출산 (low fertility), 고령화 (aging) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||
13 | Population growth | 인구증가 (population growth) | √ | √ | |||||||
14 | Social inequality | 소득양극화 (income bipolarization), 불공정 (unfair), 갈등 (conflict) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
15 | Unstable life of future generations | 미래세대 (future generation), 일자리 (job), 주거 (housing), 불안정 (insecurity), 갈등 (conflict), 좌절 (frustration) | √ | √ | |||||||
16 | The emphasis on the quality of life | 일과 삶 균형 (work-life balance), 여가활동 (leisure), 삶의 질 (the quality of life), 웰빙 (well-being) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
17 | Multiculturalism | 다문화 (multiple cultures), 이민자 (immigrant), 외국인 (foreigner), 종교 (religion) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||
18 | Change in traditional family system | 1인가구 (single-person household), 결혼 (marriage), 부양 (support), 양육 (nurture), 독거노인 (single-elderly household) | √ | √ | |||||||
19 | Credentialism and excessive competition in education | 학력 중심 (credentialism), 경쟁적 교육 (competitive education), 입시위주 (focusing only on college entrance) | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
20 | Aggravating gender inequality | 남녀 불평등 (gender inequality) | √ | √ | |||||||
21 | Fight against incurable diseases in the homo-hundred era | 난치병 (incurable disease), 인공장기 (artificial organ), 유전자 조작 (gene manipulation), 의료 (medical treatment) | √ | √ | |||||||
22 | Cyber crime | 사이버 범죄 (cyber crime), 피싱 (phishing), 저작권 침해 (infringement of copyright), 개인정보 유출 (data spill), 명예훼손 (defamation), 사기 (fraud) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||
23 | Securing the right to leisure | 여가 (leisure), 향유 (enjoyment), 노령층 (elderly people) | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
24 | Reinforcement for persons and groups with social network service | 개인 (person), 집단 (group), 스마트 몹 (smart mob), 소셜미디어 (social media), 소셜네트워크서비스 (social network service, SNS) | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
25 | Food and energy security | 음식 (food), 에너지 (energy), 안보 (security) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||
26 | Geopolitical conflict with neighboring countries | 지정학적 (geopolitical), 갈등 (conflict), 주변국가 (neighboring countries) | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
27 | National security | 국가 (nation), 안보 (security) | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
28 | e-Democracy | 전자 (electronic), 인터넷 (internet), 민주주의 (democracy), 정부 (government) | √ | √ | √ | ||||||
29 | Global governance | 경제 블록 (economic bloc), 국제질서 (international order), 다극화 (multipolarization), 상호의존 (interdependence), 파트너쉽 (partnership) | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||||
30 | Terrorism | 테러 (terrorism), 공격 (attack), 정치 (politics), 사회 (society), 종교 (religion), 민족주의 (nationalism) | √ | √ | |||||||
31 | Disaster risk | 재난 (disaster), 위험 (danger), 전염병 (infectious disease), 사고 (accident) | √ | √ | |||||||
32 | Energy shortage and resource depletion | 에너지 (energy), 자원 (resource), 고갈 (depletion), 가격 상승 (price rise) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
33 | Climate change and natural disaster | 기후 변화 (climate change), 자연재해 (natural disaster) | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | |||
34 | Growing cross-border environmental impact | 국가간 환경영향 (cross-country environmental effect), 대기오염 (air pollution), 미세먼지 (fine dust), 해양 오염 (marine pollution), 유류유출 (oil spill) | √ | ||||||||
35 | Nuclear safety | 원자력 (nuclear energy), 안전 (safety) | √ | √ | √ |
No. | General Future Technology | Description 1 | Keywords in Korean (English) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Internet of things | The network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators and connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data | 사물인터넷 (Internet of things) |
2 | Big data analytics | The use of advanced analytic techniques against big data, that is, very large, diverse data sets that include different types such as structured/unstructured and streaming/batch and different sizes | 빅데이터 (big data), 분석 (analytics) |
3 | Artificial intelligence | The simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems | 인공지능 (artificial intelligence) |
4 | Virtual reality | A computer-generated scenario that simulates a realistic experience | 가상현실 (virtual reality) |
5 | Wearable device | Smart electronic devices (electronic device with micro-controllers) that can be worn on the body as implants or accessories | 웨어러블 (wearable), 기기 (device), 컴퓨터 (computer) |
6 | Stem cell | Undifferentiated biological cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more stem cells | 줄기세포 (stem cell) |
7 | Genetic engineering and molecular biology | The direct manipulation of an organism’s genes using biotechnology; and a branch of biochemistry which concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA and proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions | 유전공학 (genetic engineer), 분자생물학 (molecular biology) |
8 | Molecular imaging | A type of medical imaging that provides the detailed pictures of what is happening inside the body at the molecular and cellular level | 분자영상 (molecular imaging), 세포 (cell), 영상 (image) |
9 | Nanomaterial | The materials of which a single unit is sized (in at least one dimension) between 1 to 1000 nanometers (10−9 m) but usually is 1 to 100 nm (the usual definition of nanoscale) | 나노 (nano), 소재 (material) |
10 | 3D printer | Processes in which material is joined or solidified under computer control to create a three-dimensional object, with material being added together (such as liquid molecules or powder grains being fused together) | 3D 프린터 (3D printer) |
11 | New renewable energy | Energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat | 재생에너지 (renewable energy), 대체에너지 (alternative energy) |
12 | Greenhouse gas reduction | Processes to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gas, for example, CO2 and CH4, or to capture the greenhouse gas in Earth’s atmosphere | 온실가스 (greenhouse gas), 감축 (reduction) |
13 | Energy resource recycle | The energy recovery process of utilizing energy that would normally be wasted, usually by converting it into electricity or thermal energy | 에너지 재활용 (energy recycle), 자원 재활용 (resource recycle) |
14 | Space exploration | The ongoing discovery and exploration of celestial structures in outer space by means of continuously evolving and growing space technology | 우주개발 (space development) |
15 | Nuclear energy | The use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant | 원자력 (nuclear energy) |
No. | Energy-Related Future Issue | Keywords in Korean (English) | Related General Future Trends | Related General Future Technologies |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | What kind of strategies is necessary in supplying energy (electric power) to drive the platform that makes up hyper-connected society in a stable manner? | 초연결 사회 (hyper-connected society), 플랫폼 (platform), 에너지 공급 (energy supply), 전략 (strategy) | Hyper-connected society | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device, Nuclear energy |
2 | What are the energy policy and technology to overcome low growth? | 저성장 (low growth) | Low growth and shift in growth strategies | Nanomaterial, Greenhouse gas reduction, New renewable energy, Space exploration |
3 | How will energy supply and consumption patterns change with the advent of the sharing economy era? And what is the relevant technology for this? | 에너지 공급 (energy supply), 에너지 소비 (energy consumption), 행태 변화 (pattern change), 공유 경제 (sharing economy) | Digital economy | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device |
4 | What is possible as a start-up to improve the bipolarized energy industry structure? | 스타트업 (start-up), 양극화 (bipolarization), 에너지 산업구조 (energy industry structure) | Bipolarized industrial structure | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device, Nanomaterial, Greenhouse gas reduction, New renewable energy |
5 | What are the ways to secure financial resources and liquidity by using energy resources? | 재정 (finance), 유동성 (liquidity), 확보 (securement), 에너지 자원 (energy resource) | Financial crisis | New renewable energy |
6 | What are the energy technologies and methods, which can contribute to human society? | 인간중심 (human-centered), 행복 (happiness), 에너지 기술 (energy technology, 정책 (policy), 방법 (method) | Technology for human need and happiness | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device, Nanomaterial, Greenhouse gas reduction, New renewable energy |
7 | What is the method for donating or sharing energy? | 에너지 기부 (energy donation), 에너지 공유 (energy sharing) | The extension of donation and share | New renewable energy |
8 | What is the future energy technology with creativity based on the humanities? | 인문학 (the humanities), 창의성 (creativity), 미래 (future), 에너지 기술 (energy technology) | The emphasis on creativity based on the humanities | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device, Genetic engineering and molecular biology, Nanomaterial, New renewable energy, Nuclear energy, Space exploration |
9 | What is the energy policy and technology for future generations? | 미래세대 (future generation) | Unstable life of future generations | Genetic engineering and molecular biology, Nanomaterial, New renewable energy, Nuclear energy, Space exploration |
10 | What are the ways that each employer can use energy policy to recognize the importance of personal quality of life? | 개인 (person), 삶의 질 (the quality of life) | The emphasis on the quality of life | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device |
11 | How should energy policy be implemented to protect international immigrants from energy deprivation? | 다문화 (multiple cultures), 국제적인 (international), 이민자 (immigrant) | Multiculturalism | - |
12 | What is an efficient energy source and heating system, which is suitable for single-person households? | 1인가구 (single-person household), 냉방 (air-conditioning), 난방 (heating) | Change in traditional family system | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device, Nanomaterial, New renewable energy, Nuclear energy |
13 | What is an effective energy supply technology for the operation of equipment for intractable disease management? | 난치병 (incurable disease), 관리 (management), 기기 (device), 에너지 공급 (energy supply) | Fight against incurable diseases in the homo-hundred era | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device, Nanomaterial |
14 | What are the ways to safeguard public and private energy facilities from cyber crime? | 사이버 범죄 (cyber crime), 에너지 설비 (energy facilities) | Cyber crime | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence |
15 | How can energy production and leisure activities be connected? | 에너지 생산 (energy production), 여가활동 (leisure activity) | Securing the right to leisure | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device, New renewable energy |
16 | How can SNS be used to effectively communicate energy issues and policies to the public? | 정보 전달 (information delivery), 소셜네트워크서비스 (social network service, SNS) | Reinforcement for a person and groups with social network service | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence |
17 | What is the strategy for energy security? | 에너지 (energy), 안보 (security) | Food and energy security | - |
18 | What is the strategy to resolve conflicts with the neighboring countries that are related to the submarine energy resource interests? | 주변국 (neighboring countries), 해저 에너지 자원 (submarine energy resource), 이권 갈등 (conflicts for privileges) | Geopolitical conflict with neighboring countries | - |
19 | How should South Korea cooperate with North Korean to develop the North Korea’s energy source? What kind of energy technology is necessary for South Korea to prepare for the sudden increase in energy demand in unification with North Korea? | 북한 (North Korea), 에너지 자원 (energy resource), 개발 (development), 통일 (unification), 협력 (cooperation), 에너지 수요 (energy demands), 에너지 궁핍 (energy poverty) | National security | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device, 3D printer, New renewable energy, Greenhouse gas reduction, New renewable energy, Space exploration |
20 | Is it realistic for each citizen to take part directly in deciding energy policy through e-Democracy? At what level is it feasible? | 전자 민주주의 (e-Democracy), 직접 참여 (direct participation), 에너지 정책 결정(deciding energy policy) | e-Democracy | Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence |
21 | What is the international situation surrounding energy? What is our strategy for survival? | 국제적 상황 (international situation), 생존 전략 (strategy for survival) | Global governance | - |
22 | What technologies are needed to protect major national energy facilities from massive terrorist attacks and to minimize the impact of large-scale terrorist attacks? | 테러 (terrorism), 공격 (attack), 예방 (prevention), 보호 (protection), 피해 최소화 (minimizing losses) | Terrorism | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, New renewable energy, Space exploration |
23 | What is the way to get energy continuously in the event of a disaster? | 재난 (disaster), 에너지 공급 (energy supply) | Disaster risk | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device, Nanomaterial, New renewable energy |
24 | What are the current status of alternative energies? What is the best among the alternative energies in terms of economy? | 대체 에너지 (alternative energy), 신 에너지 (new energy), 경제성 (economic feasibility) | Energy shortage and resource depletion | Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence |
25 | What are the latest alternatives and limitations for CO2 reduction and what are future technologies to overcome those limitations? | 이산화탄소 (carbon dioxide), CO2, 절감 (reduction) | Climate change and natural disaster | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Wearable device, Nanomaterial, New renewable energy, Greenhouse gas reduction |
26 | What is the energy policy to compensate for the damage caused by the environmental impacts between countries? | 국가간 (cross-country), 환경 영향 (environmental effect), 피해 보상 (compensation for loss) | Crisis in biodiversity | Internet of things, Big data analytics, Artificial intelligence, Nanomaterial, New renewable energy |
27 | What is the future energy technology, which is needed to solve nuclear safety issues? | 원자력 (nuclear energy), 안전 (safety) | Nuclear energy | Greenhouse gas reduction, New renewable energy, Nuclear energy, Space exploration |
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Target Discipline, di | Energy-Specific Future Trends, eij | Description | Keywords in Korean (English) 1 | trendscoreij | Keynote Topic for di |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
d1 | e1,1 | Expanding the cooperation of the international community for low carbon, energy diversification and security | 에네지 (energy), 협력 (cooperation), 공동체 (community), 저탄소 (low carbon), 다양화 (diversification), 안보 (security) | 0.2353 | |
e1,2 | Increasing importance of energy economy | 에너지 (energy), 경제 (economy), 전력요금 (electricity rate) | 0.4128 | √ (e1,* = e1,2) | |
e1,3 | Promotion of new energy industry | 신에너지 (new energy), 산업 (industry), 촉진 (promotion) | 0.2353 | ||
d2 | e2,1 | Expansion of eco-friendly, low-energy and well-being residential environment | 친환경 (eco-friendly), 저에너지 (low-energy), 웰빙 (well-being), 주거환경 (residential environment) | 0.1176 | |
e2,2 | Transition to sustainable civil society | 지속 가능한 (sustainable), 시민사회 (civil society), 전환 (transition) | 0.1429 | ||
e2,3 | The advent of energy saving and energy production by using clothes | 에너지 (energy), 절약 (saving), 생산 (production), 의류 (clothes) | 0.0857 | ||
e2,4 | Inducing energy saving through consumption behavior analysis and educations based on cultural contents | 에너지 (energy), 보전 (conservation), 소비 (consumption), 행위 분석 (behavior analysis), 교육 (education) | 0.2571 | √ (e2,* = e2,4) | |
d3 | e3,1 | Increasing importance of procedural democracy in the formulation and enforcement of energy policy | 절차적 민주주의 (procedural democracy), 정책 (policy), 생성 (formulation), 집행 (enforcement) | 0.2000 | |
e3,2 | Increasing importance of energy resource development reflecting local specialty | 지역 특수성 (local specialty), 에너지 (energy), 자원 (resource), 개발 (development) | 0.3143 | √ (e3,* = e3,2) | |
e3,3 | Making an issue of fair distribution of energy resources | 공정 분배 (fair distribution), 에너지 (energy), 자원 (resource) | 0.1471 | ||
e3,4 | The growth and education of energy citizenship | 에너지 시민권 (energy citizenship), 에너지 권리 (energy right), 미래사회 (future society) | 0.2941 | ||
d4 | e4,1 | Expansion of eco-friendly and low-energy indoor and outdoor design | 친환경 (eco-friendly), 저에너지 (low-energy), 실내 디자인 (indoor design), 실외 디자인 (outdoor design) | 0.1765 | |
e4,2 | Increased use of design for energy conservation, energy reduction and the induction of environment-friendly behavior | 디자인 (design), 에너지 (energy), 보전 (conservation), 감축 (reduction), 환경친화적 행동 (environment-friendly behavior), 재생에너지 시설 (renewable energy facilities) | 0.1765 | ||
e4,3 | Generalization of green products and green package designs | 녹색 (green), 제품 (product), 친환경 (eco-friendly), 포장 디자인 (package design), 리사이클 (recycle), 업사이클 (upcycle) | 0.2059 | √ (e4,* = e4,3) |
Target Discipline, di | Energy-Specific Future Trend, eij | No. | Question |
---|---|---|---|
d1 | e1,1 | 1 | What are the changes in the international energy environment? |
2 | What is the way for South Korea to secure energy security? | ||
3 | What is the future task required to bring about the active cooperation of the East Asian community in relation to the energy policy of such as climate change? | ||
4 | Is South Korea’s energy diversification possible? | ||
e1,2 | 5 | What is the cost of paying for renewable energy? | |
6 | How can we activate energy prosumers? | ||
7 | What is needed to realize electricity rates? | ||
e1,3 | 8 | What is the field of nurturing new energy industry? | |
9 | What is needed to nurture new energy industries? | ||
d2 | e2,1 | 10 | What are the interior characteristics that influence on the energy use of urban residents? |
11 | What is the residential environment for being eco-friendly, low-energy consumption and well-being in the future society? | ||
e2,2 | 12 | What are the ways in which citizens can put their interests about sustainability into practice? | |
13 | What is a sustainable strategy, proper for local governments? | ||
14 | What kind of assistance is needed to transform the East Asia into the more energy-secure region? | ||
e2,3 | 15 | What is the technology that does not require air conditioning only by wearing clothes? | |
16 | What is the current technological and ethical state related to harvesting energy from the body temperature or activity? | ||
e2,4 | 17 | Can the cultural contents about the conservation and reduction of energy cause energy saving actions? | |
18 | What are ways to encourage energy consumers to save energy? | ||
19 | How can we activate energy saving according to energy consumption behavior? | ||
20 | What are the technology trends and social issues, relevant to energy? | ||
d3 | e3,1 | 21 | How should the decision-making process be structured to establish the organic relationship between central government and municipalities in relation to energy policy? |
22 | What should be considered to facilitate the voluntary participation of citizens in the process of establishing and enforcing energy policies? | ||
23 | How are policymakers and citizens different in their views on energy? | ||
24 | What do citizens think about the current government energy policies? | ||
e3,2 | 25 | What are the examples of energy sources that have been developed by reflecting the geopolitical, geographical and socio-cultural characteristics of local communities? | |
26 | What would be the case if the energy source, unique and specific to each community, can be developed in the future society? | ||
27 | How can we reinterpret and introduce the traditional methods of energy generation and energy utilization, which have already been used in local communities, to be newly created and developed in modern society? | ||
28 | What is required to resolve the rebellion and conflict of the local community in establishing and enforcing energy policies for new energy resources? | ||
29 | What are the attributes that new energy sources, such as renewable energy, should have in order to be accepted in the community? | ||
30 | What institutional support is required to ensure that new energy resources are effectively accepted in the community? | ||
e3,3 | 31 | How can we systematically overcome the polarization problem of energy resources? | |
32 | What decision-making procedures and institutions are required to reflect the public interest, community and fair distribution in the process of establishing energy policies? | ||
33 | What are the public issues and tasks, required to establish an institutional framework for the fair distribution of energy resources? | ||
e3,4 | 34 | What are the new entities that are being discussed in relation to energy and environmental policy and how are domestic laws and international legal rights guaranteed? | |
35 | What are the energy policy issues that future generations’ rights should be positively reflected in energy policy? | ||
36 | What policy alternatives should be made in order for NGOs and the other forms of civic movements to have a significant impact on energy policy? | ||
37 | What is the effective education in response to the climate change? | ||
38 | What are the expected effects of climate change educations and what are the related overseas cases? | ||
d4 | e4,1 | 39 | What is the most technically or socially difficult problem in interior and exterior designs? |
40 | What is the strategy for converting current indoor and outdoor designs into eco-friendly and low-energy designs? | ||
41 | For the quality of life, what should be the focus of eco-friendly and low-energy indoor and outdoor designs? | ||
e4,2 | 42 | What are the new ways of energy saving through design and what are the necessary future research for those new ways? | |
43 | How can energy saving by using designs help individual persons improve their happiness and the quality of life? | ||
44 | How can the design of renewable energy generation facilities be aligned with renewable energy generation? | ||
45 | How can we improve the ability of renewable energy generation in design? | ||
e4,3 | 46 | Which area, for example, consumer electronics, needs green products and green package designs most? | |
47 | The most innovative technologies for the green product and package designs, for example, rotting coatings? | ||
48 | What are the ideas about the green product and package designs, needed to improve the quality of life’? | ||
49 | How does recycling and up-cycle designs help solve energy problems and improve the quality of life? | ||
50 | What are the limitations of current recycling and up-cycle designs and in what direction the further progress should be made? |
Target Discipline, di | No. | Conclusion |
---|---|---|
d1 | 1 | Energy security is difficult to resolve with only US leadership. |
2 | The future energy paradigm, ‘The Great Transition’, has the greatest impact on the Northeast Asia. | |
3 | The Eurasian initiative of South Korea is difficult among China, Russia and the US. | |
4 | We need to establish the cooperation system for securing a supply of natural gas in Asia. | |
5 | Economic measures are expected to be most effective on increasing the acceptance of renewable energy. | |
6 | Greenhouse gas reduction and environmental protection are the main purposes of renewable energy. | |
7 | The accurate and consistent policy implementation is required based on sharing and communications. | |
8 | Realization of electric rates is necessary for new energy industry and the improvement of market-oriented system. | |
9 | The convergence of new energy industry and financial industry should be made for the diffusion of renewable energy and government-led financial supports are necessary as well. | |
d2 | 10 | Human temperature adaptability needs to be improved. |
11 | There is an urgent need for preparing data about energy consumptions by types of usages. | |
12 | Energy-saving methods, which consider the quality of life, are necessary for one-person households and vulnerable social groups. | |
13 | The social perception of energy saving is a key driver to cause social changes in energy consumption. | |
14 | Psychological and emotional approaches also need be adopted to lead social changes in energy consumption. | |
15 | Urban areas need to be the first subject for the EP&Ts, while the strategies for local areas should be modified according to local characteristics. | |
16 | A system should be developed to enable the civil society’s participation in building the EP&Ts. | |
17 | Effective ways are needed to change energy consumption behaviors and improve the recognition of the importance of energy saving. | |
18 | The ways to make people conscious about energy saving needs to be made and the energy saving need to be actuated by the consciousness, growing into a habit. | |
d3 | 19 | South Korea needs to purse the degrowth to get out of consumerism. |
20 | Practical efforts in respond to the postwar era and the conversion into renewable energy are required. | |
21 | Democratic process and foundation should be prepared for establishing energy policy establishment. | |
22 | Energy welfare needs to be integrated with other welfare projects through collaboration among the relevant government ministries. | |
23 | Energy welfare policy should also be local government-centered. | |
24 | Reasonable policies rather than using the political-patronage tactic are necessary. | |
25 | Energy services are needed instead of energy itself. | |
26 | People’s basic energy rights need to be guaranteed based on energy inflection point. | |
27 | Regulations need to be strengthened to improve energy efficiency. | |
28 | Political leadership, mature persons with reflective thinking and civil society are required. | |
d4 | 29 | The energy conservation approach is needed rather than working to an infinitely increasing energy demand. |
30 | The energy technology should be designed to be sustainable in the end. | |
31 | Design can be used to increase the awareness on of actual energy usages. | |
32 | The design of renewable energy technology should be suitable for lifestyle and regional characteristics. | |
33 | Ordinary citizens also need to be induced to participate in the design process for green energy products. |
Target Discipline, di | Future-Oriented EP&T, fij | Description | Type | Reasons for Suggestion | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Policy | Technology | Questions (No.) | Conclusions (No.) | |||
d1 | f1,1 | Integrated new governance for energy | √ | 2 | 1, 2, 3 | |
f1,2 | The construction of Asian natural gas cooperation system | √ | 2 | 2, 4 | ||
f1,3 | Pioneering the Arctic Route for transporting energy, as well as for producing energy | √ | √ | 2 | 3 | |
f1,4 | Establishing the governance for the East Asian nuclear power plants | √ | √ | 3 | 2 | |
f1,5 | Real-time plan for electricity usage | √ | √ | 6, 9 | 5, 6 | |
f1,6 | Purchase system, specialized for green energy products | √ | √ | 6, 9 | 5, 6 | |
f1,7 | Combining carbon capture and storage (CSS) technology to the thermal power generation | √ | √ | 8 | 6 | |
f1,8 | Expanding new and renewable power generation, combined with smart grid and energy storage system (ESS) | √ | √ | 8 | 6 | |
f1,9 | Permission for the private sector to do the business of power transmission and distribution | √ | √ | 9 | 8 | |
f1,10 | Preparing a policy to support new energy industry that considers the realization of electricity rate, the linkage to electric power market, market leadership and job quality | √ | 9 | 8 | ||
f1,11 | The activation of energy investment and finance | √ | 9 | 9 | ||
d2 | f2,1 | The design of living space in urban area, which guarantees the eco-friendly and low-energy well-being and the commercialization of the design | √ | 10, 11, 14 | 12 | |
f2,2 | Artificial intelligence that can consult humans for energy saving by using internet of things and consumption behavior analysis | √ | 19, 20, 17 | 11 | ||
f2,3 | Establishing the organization for the East Asia sustainable community | √ | 12 | 16 | ||
f2,4 | Cooperative association for sustainability, which provides information on energy consumption behavior, participates in each residential space design and ensures that the residential space is proper for the eco-friendly and low-energy well-being by joint purchase | √ | √ | 10, 19, 12 | 11, 16 | |
f2,5 | Business on manufacturing, selling and maintaining apparel that can save and produce energy | √ | √ | 12, 15, 16 | 10 | |
f2,6 | Donating self-produced energy | √ | √ | 12, 13, 16 | 12, 13, 14, 18 | |
f2,7 | Games that encourage the saving and reduction of energy | √ | 18 | 14, 18 | ||
d3 | f3,1 | Social media-based energy policy portal | √ | √ | 22, 23, 24, 28, 32, 33 | 21, 24, 25, 28 |
f3,2 | Interactive infographics that shows energy-related localities and their appropriate energy policies | √ | √ | 21, 25, 26, 27 | 28 | |
f3,3 | Virtual reality simulation of future energy society | √ | √ | 24, 28, 35, 37 | 28 | |
f3,4 | Open and collective intelligence to solve the polarized energy consumption problem | √ | √ | 31, 32, 33 | 26 | |
f3,5 | Evaluating the contribution of energy technology to solving the polarized energy consumption problem | √ | √ | 31, 32, 33 | 26 | |
d4 | f4,1 | Expert system designing the eco-friendly and low-energy indoor and outdoor designs | √ | √ | 41 | 29, 33 |
f4,2 | Energy saving system based on the internet of things | √ | 40, 42 | 29 | ||
f4,3 | Material technology that enables green products and green package designs | √ | 47 | 30 | ||
f4,4 | Enhancing design in terms of both aesthetic effect and power generation productivity | √ | 44, 45 | 33 | ||
f4,5 | Recycling and upcycling design to support the online-to-offline strategy by small and medium-sized business | √ | √ | 49 | - |
Future-Oriented EP&T, fij | Related Energy-Specific Future Trend, eij |
---|---|
f1,1 | e1,1 |
f1,2 | e1,1 |
f1,3 | e1,1 |
f1,4 | e1,1 |
f1,5 | e1,2, e1,3 |
f1,6 | e1,2, e1,3 |
f1,7 | e1,3 |
f1,8 | e1,3 |
f1,9 | e1,3 |
f1,10 | e1,3 |
f1,11 | e1,3 |
f2,1 | e2,1, e2,2 |
f2,2 | e2,4 |
f2,3 | e2,2 |
f2,4 | e2,1, e2,4, e2,2 |
f2,5 | e2,2, e2,3 |
f2,6 | e2,2, e2,3 |
f2,7 | e2,4 |
f3,1 | e3,1 |
f3,2 | e3,1, e3,2 |
f3,3 | e3,1, e3,2, e3,4 |
f3,4 | e3,3 |
f3,5 | e3,3 |
f4,1 | e4,1 |
f4,2 | e4,1, e4,2 |
f4,3 | e4,3 |
f4,4 | e4,1, e4,2 |
f4,5 | e4,3 |
Energy-Specific Future Trend, eij | Related Future-Oriented EP&T, fij | Core Energy-Specific Future Trend for a Target Discipline |
---|---|---|
e1,1 | f1,1, f1,2, f1,3, f1,4 | |
e1,2 | f1,5, f1,6 | |
e1,3 | f1,5, f1,6, f1,7, f1,8, f1,9, f1,10, f1,11 | √ (e1,core = e1,3) |
e2,1 | f2,1, f2,4 | |
e2,2 | f2,1, f2,3, f2,4, f2,5, f2,6 | √ (e2,core = e2,2) |
e2,3 | f2,5, f2,6 | |
e2,4 | f2,2, f2,4, f2,7 | |
e3,1 | f3,1, f3,2, f3,3 | √ (e3,core = e3,1) |
e3,2 | f3,2, f3,3 | |
e3,3 | f3,4, f3,5 | |
e3,4 | f3,3 | |
e4,1 | f4,1, f4,2, f4,4 | √ (e4,core = e4,1) |
e4,2 | f4,2, f4,4 | |
e4,3 | f4,3, f4,5 |
Target Discipline, di | Future-Oriented EP&T, fij | Three Values to Evaluate the Priorities among the Future-Oriented EP&Ts of Each Discipline | Priority Value 2 | Is a Top Priority in a Target Discipline? | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Is Linked to Any Core Energy-Specific Future Trend? 1 | Number of Related Questions | Number of Related Conclusions | ||||
d1 | f1,1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 0.3056 | |
f1,2 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0.2222 | ||
f1,3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.1389 | ||
f1,4 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.1389 | ||
f1,5 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.6111 | √ | |
f1,6 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 0.6111 | √ | |
f1,7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.4722 | ||
f1,8 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.4722 | ||
f1,9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.4722 | ||
f1,10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.4722 | ||
f1,11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.4722 | ||
d2 | f2,1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0.5833 | |
f2,2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0.2500 | ||
f2,3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.4722 | ||
f2,4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0.6667 | √ | |
f2,5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0.5833 | ||
f2,6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0.6667 | √ | |
f2,7 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0.2222 | ||
d3 | f3,1 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 1.0000 | √ |
f3,2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0.6389 | ||
f3,3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0.6389 | ||
f3,4 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0.2500 | ||
f3,5 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0.2500 | ||
d4 | f4,1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.5556 | √ |
f4,2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0.5278 | ||
f4,3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.1389 | ||
f4,4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.4722 | ||
f4,5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0.0556 |
Previous Work | Is Future-Oriented | Is Multidisciplinary | Type of Focus 1 | Type of Approach 2 | ||||
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F1 | F2 | F3 | A1 | A2 | A3 | |||
[2] | √ | √ | √ | |||||
[6] | √ | √ | √ | |||||
[7] | √ | √ | ||||||
[14] | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
[15] | √ | √ | ||||||
[16] | √ | √ | ||||||
[20] | √ | √ | √ | |||||
[21] | √ | √ | ||||||
[24] | √ | √ | ||||||
[25] | √ | √ | √ | |||||
[26] | √ | √ | ||||||
[27] | √ | √ | √ | |||||
[28] | √ | √ | ||||||
[29] | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
[30] | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
[31] | √ | √ | √ | √ | ||||
[32] | √ | √ | √ | |||||
[34] | √ | √ | √ | |||||
[37] | √ | √ | √ | |||||
[39] | √ | √ | ||||||
[40] | √ | √ | ||||||
[41] | √ | √ | √ | |||||
[43] | √ | √ | √ | |||||
[44] | √ | √ | ||||||
[45] | √ | √ | ||||||
[46] | √ | √ | ||||||
This study | √ | √ | √ | √ |
© 2018 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Suh, J.H. Generating Future-Oriented Energy Policies and Technologies from the Multidisciplinary Group Discussions by Text-Mining-Based Identification of Topics and Experts. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3709. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103709
Suh JH. Generating Future-Oriented Energy Policies and Technologies from the Multidisciplinary Group Discussions by Text-Mining-Based Identification of Topics and Experts. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3709. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103709
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuh, Jong Hwan. 2018. "Generating Future-Oriented Energy Policies and Technologies from the Multidisciplinary Group Discussions by Text-Mining-Based Identification of Topics and Experts" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3709. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103709