Sustainable Development of the Economic Circle around Beijing: A View of Regional Economic Disparity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.1.1. Data on Production Factors of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
2.1.2. Indicator System
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Production Function of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
2.2.2. Sustainability Assessment of Cities in Hebei around Beijing
Normalization of Indicators
Determination of the Weight of Indicator Level versus Standard Level
Determination of the Weight of Indicator Level versus Target Level
3. Results
3.1. Measurement of Technological Differences in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
3.2. Indicator Calculation and Sustainability Assessment
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Item | Standard Level | Indicator Level | Evaluated Objects and Normalized Data | Weight of Indicator Level versus Standard Level | Weight of Standard Level versus Target Level | Weight of Indicator Level versus Target Level | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chengde | Zhangjiakou | Langfang | Baoding | Standard Deviation | Rank | ||||||||
1 | Industrial structure | Proportion of value-added by strategic emerging industries to GDP | 0.000 | 0.214 | 0.786 | 1.000 | 0.470 | -- | 0.362 | -- | 0.270 | 0.098 | 1 |
2 | Proportion of value-added by the three strata of industry | 0.410 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.361 | 0.414 | 1.136 | 0.319 | 0.086 | 2 | |||
3 | Growth rate of value-added by strategic emerging industries compared with last year | 0.000 | 0.090 | 0.754 | 1.000 | 0.492 | 1.000 | 0.319 | 0.086 | 3 | |||
4 | Manufacturing industry | Proportion of value-added by high-tech industries to manufacturing industry | 0.000 | 0.240 | 0.800 | 1.000 | 0.468 | -- | 0.264 | 1.2 | 0.225 | 0.059 | 4 |
5 | Proportion of the net output of consumer goods to capital goods | 0.000 | 0.906 | 0.594 | 0.938 | 0.435 | 1.076 | 0.245 | 0.055 | 6 | |||
6 | Growth rate of value-added by manufacturing industry compared with last year | 0.625 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.472 | 1.000 | 0.245 | 0.055 | 7 | |||
7 | Proportion of value-added by manufacturing industry to the total commodity | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.200 | 0.000 | 0.476 | 1.000 | 0.245 | 0.055 | 8 | |||
8 | Aggregate economic activity | Growth rate of GDP compared with last year | 1.000 | 0.375 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.493 | -- | 0.280 | 1.1 | 0.204 | 0.057 | 5 |
9 | Growth rate of financial revenue compared with last year | 0.000 | 0.658 | 1.000 | 0.355 | 0.427 | 1.157 | 0.242 | 0.049 | 9 | |||
10 | Growth rate of total fixed assets investment compared with last year | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.219 | 0.000 | 0.475 | 1.000 | 0.242 | 0.049 | 10 | |||
11 | Growth rate of urbanization compared with last year | 0.967 | 0.726 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.465 | 1.021 | 0.237 | 0.048 | 11 | |||
12 | Service industry | Proportion of value-added by service industry to GDP | 0.032 | 1.000 | 0.419 | 0.000 | 0.466 | -- | 0.142 | 1.2 | 0.170 | 0.024 | 16 |
13 | Growth rate of value-added by service industry compared with last year | 0.286 | 0.643 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.434 | 1.073 | 0.132 | 0.023 | 17 | |||
14 | Proportion of the share of total employed persons in service industry | 1.000 | 0.680 | 0.240 | 0.000 | 0.447 | 1.000 | 0.132 | 0.023 | 18 | |||
15 | Location quotient of transport and storage | 0.686 | 1.000 | 0.411 | 0.000 | 0.424 | 1.053 | 0.126 | 0.021 | 19 | |||
16 | Location quotient of postal and telecommunication | 0.000 | 0.941 | 0.817 | 1.000 | 0.466 | 1.000 | 0.126 | 0.021 | 20 | |||
17 | Location quotient of tourism | 0.782 | 1.000 | 0.398 | 0.000 | 0.440 | 1.058 | 0.119 | 0.020 | 21 | |||
18 | Location quotient of financial intermediation (not include insurance) | 0.000 | 0.572 | 1.000 | 0.656 | 0.415 | 1.061 | 0.112 | 0.019 | 22 | |||
19 | Location quotient of insurance | 0.525 | 0.505 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.408 | 1.016 | 0.110 | 0.019 | 23 | |||
20 | Agriculture | Growth rate of value-added by agriculture compared with last year | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 | 0.750 | 0.473 | -- | 0.268 | 1.3 | 0.131 | 0.035 | 12 |
21 | Ratio of agricultural industrialization | 0.800 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.500 | 0.435 | 1.088 | 0.246 | 0.032 | 13 | |||
22 | Ratio of processing of food from agricultural products | 0.583 | 0.167 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.448 | 1.000 | 0.246 | 0.032 | 14 | |||
23 | Participation rate of rural households in agricultural industrialization | 1.000 | 0.200 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 0.435 | 1.030 | 0.239 | 0.031 | 15 |
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Target Level | Standard Level | Indicator Level | Value |
---|---|---|---|
Sustainable economic development | Aggregate economic activity | Average annual growth rate of GDP | ≥8.5% |
Average annual growth rate of financial revenue | ≥11% | ||
Average annual growth rate of urbanization | ≥3.7% | ||
Average annual growth rate of total fixed asset investment | ≥15% | ||
Industrial structure | Proportion of the value added by the three strata of industry | 10:52:38 | |
Proportion of the value added by strategic emerging industries to the GDP | ≥10% | ||
Average annual growth rate of the value added by strategic emerging industries | ≥25% | ||
Agriculture | Average annual growth rate of the value added by agriculture | ≥3.5% | |
Ratio of agricultural industrialization | 65–68% | ||
Participation rate of rural households in agricultural industrialization | ≥63% | ||
Ratio of processed food from agricultural products | 45–50% | ||
Manufacturing industry | Average annual growth rate of the value added by the manufacturing industry | ≥10% | |
Proportion of the value added by the manufacturing industry to the total commodity | ≥60% | ||
Proportion of the net output of consumer goods to capital goods | 46–52% | ||
Proportion of value added by high-tech industries to the manufacturing industry | ≥14% | ||
Service industry | Average annual growth rate of the value added by the service industry | ≥10% | |
Proportion of value added by the service industry to the GDP | ≥38% | ||
Proportion of the share of total employed persons in the service industry | ≥30% | ||
Location quotient of the value added by the sector | >0 |
Region | Elasticity of Capital Output | Technological Progress Rate |
---|---|---|
Beijing | 0.78 * | 0.056 ** |
Tianjin | 0.82 * | 0.094 * |
Hebei | 0.77 * | 0.018 ** |
Evaluated Objects | Chengde | Zhangjiakou | Langfang | Baoding | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Industrial structure | Score | 0.035 | 0.029 | 0.228 | 0.215 |
Rank | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | |
Manufacturing industry | Score | 0.089 | 0.064 | 0.146 | 0.166 |
Rank | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 | |
Aggregate economic activity | Score | 0.152 | 0.088 | 0.060 | 0.122 |
Rank | 1 | 3 | 4 | 2 | |
Service industry | Score | 0.070 | 0.136 | 0.068 | 0.075 |
Rank | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | |
Agriculture | Score | 0.110 | 0.047 | 0.048 | 0.074 |
Rank | 1 | 4 | 3 | 2 | |
Sustainable economic development | Score | 0.458 | 0.363 | 0.549 | 0.653 |
Rank | 3 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
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Chu, Z.; Liu, C.; Li, G.; Guan, K. Sustainable Development of the Economic Circle around Beijing: A View of Regional Economic Disparity. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103691
Chu Z, Liu C, Li G, Guan K. Sustainable Development of the Economic Circle around Beijing: A View of Regional Economic Disparity. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103691
Chicago/Turabian StyleChu, Zhaopeng, Changxin Liu, Gang Li, and Kaixuan Guan. 2018. "Sustainable Development of the Economic Circle around Beijing: A View of Regional Economic Disparity" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3691. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103691